Hort 360 Exam 1- Quizzes

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Based on the definition used in class, which of the following is an example of genetic engineering? -Triticale created through embryo rescue and colchicine treatment of wheat-rye hybrids -Seedless lemon offspring of a tetraploid created through protoplast fusion -Rio Red grapefruit created through mutagenesis with radiation -Cultivated potato with recombinant DNA containing a disease resistance gene

Cultivated potato with recombinant DNA containing a disease resistance gene

According to the NA04 report, which of the following plant breeding methods has the greatest probability of unintended effects?

mutagenesis by radiation

According to FDA policy, GE crops are required to meet the same (no more, no less) requirements for food safety as crops developed by sexual hybridization.

TRUE

The risk of transgene flow to wild species is greater for cross-pollinated crops than self-pollinated crops.

TRUE

Transgenes that are toxic to insect or fungal pests have to be registered with the EPA if the donor organism is not sexually compatible with the recipient plant.

TRUE

Which of the following crops is primarily cross-pollinated? tomato alfalfa wheat soybean

Alfalfa

According to LH Chap. 5, it was not until after the first transgenic Bt crops were released in 1996 that biotech companies acknowledged the need for research on delaying the emergence of insects resistant to Cry toxins.

FALSE

All transgenic events with the same transgene have the same effect on a plant.

FALSE

Before the SECURE rule, GE cisgenic crops with a transgene from the same species were not considered regulated articles by USDA-APHIS.

FALSE

Before the SECURE rule, USDA-APHIS regulations were considered excessive by many GE crop developers because deregulated events could not be transferred into new varieties by sexual hybridization.

FALSE

Of the 3 types of intellectual property protection discussed in class, only a utility patent can prevent a farmer from using some of the harvested grain as seed for replanting.

FALSE

Which academic scientist at Washington University initially helped Monsanto develop its genetic engineering program but later become a competitor for a patent?

Mary-Dell Chilton

Circular chromosomes that replicate in bacteria are called

Plasmid

After a 1999 study showed that pollen from some Bt corn hybrids was toxic to Monarch larvae, more studies were conducted to assess the risk of all Bt corn hybrids on the market at that time. Which of the following statements best summarizes the results of these studies?

Some cry transgenes were more toxic than others, and some transgenic events posed greater risk due to higher expression in pollen

According to Chap 3 of Lords of the Harvest, Monsanto did not commercially develop GE virus-resistant crops. Why not?

The potential profits were not enough to justify the effort.

Which of the following GE crops is NOT exempt from regulatory review under the new USDA SECURE rule? -a new, pathogen-derived transgene to trigger RNA interference -a new event for a plant/trait/mechanism-of-action combination that was previously deregulated -a gene knockout via a frameshift mutation introduced through gene editing -using Agrobacterium to introduce a resistance gene already present in breeding populations

a new, pathogen-derived transgene to trigger RNA interference

Which of the following can be protected with a plant patent? potato wheat corn almond

almond

In January 1983, at the Miami Symposium on Molecular Genetics of Plants & Animals, three groups of scientists presented similar results on

the use of Agrobacterium transformation

Monsanto used a chemically synthesized version of the Bt cry gene instead of the natural version because

they needed to change the codons to get high expression

Which of the following is NOT a process by which unintended effects occur with genetic engineering? -tumors caused by Agrobacterium transformation -insertional mutagenesis -physiological effects of the transgenic protein -somaclonal variation

tumors caused by Agrobacterium transformation


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