Hort 360 Exam 1- Quizzes
Based on the definition used in class, which of the following is an example of genetic engineering? -Triticale created through embryo rescue and colchicine treatment of wheat-rye hybrids -Seedless lemon offspring of a tetraploid created through protoplast fusion -Rio Red grapefruit created through mutagenesis with radiation -Cultivated potato with recombinant DNA containing a disease resistance gene
Cultivated potato with recombinant DNA containing a disease resistance gene
According to the NA04 report, which of the following plant breeding methods has the greatest probability of unintended effects?
mutagenesis by radiation
According to FDA policy, GE crops are required to meet the same (no more, no less) requirements for food safety as crops developed by sexual hybridization.
TRUE
The risk of transgene flow to wild species is greater for cross-pollinated crops than self-pollinated crops.
TRUE
Transgenes that are toxic to insect or fungal pests have to be registered with the EPA if the donor organism is not sexually compatible with the recipient plant.
TRUE
Which of the following crops is primarily cross-pollinated? tomato alfalfa wheat soybean
Alfalfa
According to LH Chap. 5, it was not until after the first transgenic Bt crops were released in 1996 that biotech companies acknowledged the need for research on delaying the emergence of insects resistant to Cry toxins.
FALSE
All transgenic events with the same transgene have the same effect on a plant.
FALSE
Before the SECURE rule, GE cisgenic crops with a transgene from the same species were not considered regulated articles by USDA-APHIS.
FALSE
Before the SECURE rule, USDA-APHIS regulations were considered excessive by many GE crop developers because deregulated events could not be transferred into new varieties by sexual hybridization.
FALSE
Of the 3 types of intellectual property protection discussed in class, only a utility patent can prevent a farmer from using some of the harvested grain as seed for replanting.
FALSE
Which academic scientist at Washington University initially helped Monsanto develop its genetic engineering program but later become a competitor for a patent?
Mary-Dell Chilton
Circular chromosomes that replicate in bacteria are called
Plasmid
After a 1999 study showed that pollen from some Bt corn hybrids was toxic to Monarch larvae, more studies were conducted to assess the risk of all Bt corn hybrids on the market at that time. Which of the following statements best summarizes the results of these studies?
Some cry transgenes were more toxic than others, and some transgenic events posed greater risk due to higher expression in pollen
According to Chap 3 of Lords of the Harvest, Monsanto did not commercially develop GE virus-resistant crops. Why not?
The potential profits were not enough to justify the effort.
Which of the following GE crops is NOT exempt from regulatory review under the new USDA SECURE rule? -a new, pathogen-derived transgene to trigger RNA interference -a new event for a plant/trait/mechanism-of-action combination that was previously deregulated -a gene knockout via a frameshift mutation introduced through gene editing -using Agrobacterium to introduce a resistance gene already present in breeding populations
a new, pathogen-derived transgene to trigger RNA interference
Which of the following can be protected with a plant patent? potato wheat corn almond
almond
In January 1983, at the Miami Symposium on Molecular Genetics of Plants & Animals, three groups of scientists presented similar results on
the use of Agrobacterium transformation
Monsanto used a chemically synthesized version of the Bt cry gene instead of the natural version because
they needed to change the codons to get high expression
Which of the following is NOT a process by which unintended effects occur with genetic engineering? -tumors caused by Agrobacterium transformation -insertional mutagenesis -physiological effects of the transgenic protein -somaclonal variation
tumors caused by Agrobacterium transformation
