HP 203 FINAL
Binder
- cloth wrapped around a person to securely hold the arm against the persons chest to add stability
Consider spinal injury a possibility if the injured person:
Is unconscious Was in a motor vehicle accident or sustained significant force Was injured in a fall greater than their height. Is wearing a safety helmet that is broken? Complains of back or neck pain Has tingling or weakness in the extremities Is not fully alert Appears to be intoxicated Appears frail or older than 65 Is a child under three with evidence of a head of neck injury?
A victim suffering from hypothermia needs to be rewarmed, but not too quickly. Why?
Rapid rewarming can cause dangerous heart rhythms
Eye Injuries
Try to remove by telling the person to blink several times Flush the eye until EMS arrives Also flush the eye if there are chemicals inside.
condition develops over a long period of time
chronic
develop over a long period of time
chronic
Which of the following reduces swelling and pain to an injured body part?
cold
The neck
contains the esophagus, larynx, part of the trachea, major blood vessels, muscles, tendons and the cervical bones. Any injury to the neck is considered serious
fainting
elevate legs
Puncture Wounds
ex- stab and gunshot wounds. If an injury penetrates the rib cage, air can pass freely in and out of the chest cavity. With each breath, a sucking sound can be heard.
Soft splints are rarely used on ankles/feet.
false
Splints shoul always be appoied to limit circulation in the victim's injured body part.
false
The 1st responder should always flush he victim's eye with ammonia to remove a foreign object.
false
The best first aid care for a sprained ankle is to have the person "walk it off".
false
The best time for Summer athletes to exercise outside is 10 am -4 pm.
false
The effects of designer drugs are harmless.
false
The elderly are less susceptible to cold/heat-related illness.
false
The student at the lab table near you spills a liquid corrosive chemical on his arm. Which would you do first?
have the person immediately remove contaminated clothing
Signals of abdominal injuries
severe abdominal pain, bruising, external bleeding, nausea and vomiting, pale, ashen, cool or moist skin, weakness, thirst, pain, tenderness or tightness in the abdomen, organs protruding, rigid abdominal muscles, other signals of shock.
Pelvic or Genital Injury signals
severe pain, bruising, external bleeding, nausea and vomiting, weakness, thirst, pain, tenderness, tightness in the area, rigid abdominal muscles, other signals of shock
The body's first reaction to cold is to constrict the blood vessels near the skin, moving warm blood to the center of the body. What is the body's next reaction?
shivering
The spine
strong, flexible column of bones called vertebrae. Injuries to the spine may involve fractures to the vertebrae or sprains/tears to the ligaments. The main concern of spinal injury is the spinal cord. The spine is divided into five regions.
Joint
structure where 2 or more bones are joined
If the diabetic victim is awake and experiencing an episode, what should the 1st responder administer?
sugar
Manual Stabilization
supporting the head in the position found without equipment
Hypoglycemia
too little sugar
Hyperglycemia
too much sugar in the blood
Hyperglycemia
too much sugar in the bloodstream. Insulin levels are too low.
TIA stands for :
transient ischemic attack
The spine is divided into five regions.
true
To cool a thermal burn, use cool or cold potable water.
true
To remain warm in cold weather it it best to layer your clothing.
true
When a person has been burned by a chemical in powdered form, you should remove the chemical by flushing the area with cool, running water.
true
When a person has experienced an electrical burn, you need to be prepared to give CPR and use an AED.
true
When a person has experienced an electrical burn, you should not go near the person until the electricity has been turned off at the source.
true
Spine
vertebra extending from the base of the skill to the coccyx. Also called the spinal column or vertebral column.
The 33 bones of the spine are called:
vertebrae
Suspected jaw fracture or dislocation
Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number Maintain an open airway Check the mouth for bleeding Manually stabilize the head, neck or spine
Lifting objects using your back muscles will help prevent back strains.
false
Put ointment or butter on a burn to soothe the pain.
false
Absence seizures
generalized seizure with minimal or no seizures
Upper arm
- the part of the upper extremity from the shoulder to the elbow
Aura phase-
1st stage of generalized seizure with perceptual disturbances, often visual or olfactory
Clonic phase
3rd stage of generalized seizure when the person experiences the actual seizure
spider bite
A blister that increases in size and leaves a blackish scab
tick bite
A rash that has a bull's -eye appearance
Which is a sign or symptom of an injured ear?
A. hearing loss B. inner ear pain C. loss of balance D. all of the above
hen spending time outdoors in woods or tall grass what should you do to prevent bites or stings?
A. tuck pants into boots or socks B. use insect or tick repellant C. wear light-colored clothing D. all of the above
you are playing soccer when a player on the other team falls. He tries to break the fall with an outstretched arm. When he gets up, the player is holding his left arm close to his body and is complaining of shoulder pain. How would you initially respond to this suspected shoulder injury?
Allow the victim to continue holding his arm in the most comfortable position.
care for pelvic/genital injuries
Always call 9-1-1 because a pelvic injury may also involve the lower spine ● For an injury to the male genitals, care for a closed wound as you would any wound. Keep in mind they are extremely painful ● If the wound is open, apply a sterile dressing and apply direct pressure. Do not try to remove any impaled objects. If any parts are completely amputated, wrap the part in a sterile dressing in a bag labeled with the person's name and give to EMS. ● For a ruptured scrotum or testicles, apply ice and wrap in sterile dressing. ● To care for injuries to the female genitalia, control bleeding with dressings moist with saline.
Prevention
Always wear correct restraint and safety belts. Use non-slip mats in the bathtub Use a step stool/ladder to reach for heavy objects. Do not pull down toward your head Use proper lifting techniques
Rib Cage
Cage of bones formed by the 12 pairs of ribs, the sternum and the spine
Serious soft tissue injury to the neck
Call 9-1-1 Keep the person still and encourage to breathe slowly Control any external bleeding with direct pressure Do not apply pressure that constricts both carotid arteries. For a large laceration, apply an occlusive dressing so air does not get into a vein.
For an impaled object
Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number ● Do NOT try to remove the object unless it interferes with chest compressions ● Stabilize the object to prevent further damage ● Remove clothing close to the wound ● Control bleeding by applying direct pressure around the wound ● Use a bulky, sterile dressing or gauze to secure the dressing ● Secure the sterile dressing in place with gauze, a cravat or tape
Basic Emergency steps for Injuries to the Chest, Pelvis and Abdomen
Call 9-1-1- or the local emergency number ● Limit movement ● Monitor breathing and signs of life ● Control bleeding ● Take steps to minimize shock
5 regions of spine
Cervical-theneck.5vertebrae o Thoracic-uppermiddleback.7vertebrae o Lumbelowerback.5vertebrae o Sacral-triangular bone at the lower end of the spinal column o coccyx-tailbone
Signals of a possible head, neck or spine
Changes in consciousness Severe pain or pressure in the head, neck or spine Tingling or loss of sensation in the extremities Partial or complete loss of movement in any body part Observable bumps or depressions in the head or neck Sudden loss of memory Blood or other fluid in the ears or nose Profuse bleeding in the head, neck or back Seizures in someone who does not have a seizure disorder Impaired breathing or vision Nausea or vomiting Persistent headache Loss of balance Bruising around head, especially around the eyes or behind the ears.
Bones of the upper extremity
Clavicle (collarbone) • humerus (shoulder to elbow) • Carpals (wrist) • phalanges (fingers) • Shoulder blade (scapula) • radius and ulna (forearm) • metacarpals (hand)
Concussions Signals
Confusion Headache Repeated questioning about what happened Temporary memory loss especially about the periods right before and after the injury Brief loss of consciousness Nausea and vomiting Speech problems Blurred vision or light sensitivity
The face
Contains bone and soft tissue. Injuries are not usually life threatening. Check the airway and determine if the force was enough to affect the brain or spinal cord.
Scalp Injuries
Control bleeding with direct pressure. Apply several dressings and hold in place. Use gloves. Use gentle pressure at first until skull fracture is ruled out. Secure the dressings with a roller bandage or triangular bandage.
TBI is the acronym for:
D. Traumatic brain injury
Three basic causes for musculoskeletal injuries
Direct force causing injury at the point of impact. Indirect force causing injury to a body part away from the point of impact Twisting force- injury when one part of the body remains still while the rest twists
Care For Femur Injuries
Do not move or straighten the elbow. ● Apply direct pressure unless directly over the fracture. Apply pressure around the area. ● Call 9-1-1 immediately ● Stabilize the person in the position found. ● Help the person rest comfortably ● Apply ice or cold ● Minimize shock- keep them calm and temperature controlled. Monitor breathing and consciousness.
care for ankle/foot injuries
Do not move or straighten the elbow. Stabilize. ● Apply direct pressure unless directly over the fracture. Apply pressure around the area. ● If the person must be moved, immobilize the entire foot using a soft splint. ● Apply ice or cold ● Minimize shock
Care for shoulder injuries
Do not move or straighten the injured area. Stabilize it. ● Control external bleeding with direct pressure. ● Use a soft material between the extremity and the person's chest for support. ● Splint in place ● Apply cold ● Minimize shock
Care for knee injuries
Do not move or straighten the knee. Stabilize. ● Apply direct pressure unless directly over the fracture. Apply pressure around the area. ● Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number ● If the person must be moved, use padded splints on both sides of the knee to immobilize it. If it is straight, you may secure it to the uninjured leg. ● Apply ice or cold ● Minimize shock
Care for lower leg injuries
Do not move or straighten the. Stabilize. ● Apply direct pressure unless directly over the fracture. Apply pressure around the area. ● Call 9-1-1 ● If the person must be moved, splint the injured leg to the uninjured leg. Place a pillow or rolled blanket between them. ● Apply ice or cold ● Minimize shock
Care for upper arm injuries
Do not move or straighten. Stabilize ● Control external bleeding. Apply direct pressure unless the bleeding is coming from directly over the fracture. ● Splint using a padded, rigid splint. If the elbow can be bent, place it in a sling. If not, keep the arm straight by their side. ● Apply cold ● Minimize shock
Care for an impaled object
Do not remove the object ● Dress the wound around the object to control bleeding ● Stabilize the object with bulky dressings.
questions to ask for possible spinal injury
Does your head or neck hurt? What happened? Where does it hurt? Can you move your hands and feet? Can you feel where I am touching?
Abdominal Injuries
Easily injured despite some protection by the ribs/abdominal muscles. May be open or closed
Strain
Excessive stretching and tearing of muscles or tendons. Pulled or torn muscle
Genitals
External reproductive organs
Bones of the lower extremity
Femur (thigh bone) • patella (kneecap) • tibia and fibula (two bones in the lower leg) • Tarsals (bones of the ankle) • metatarsals (bones of the foot) • phalanges (bones of the toes)
Lower Leg Injuries
Fractures occur in the tibia, fibula or both. Open fractures are common.
Perform Manual stabilization
Gently place your hands on either side of the person's head in the position found Gently support the head until EMS arrives Try to keep the person from moving the lower body Do NOT attempt to align the head and lowe body. Support in the position found. • If you must leave the person, leave them in a modified H.A.I.N.E.S position.
Care for rib fractures
Have the person rest in a position they can breathe easier ● Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number ● Give the person a blanket or pillow to stabilize and immobilize the injured rib ● Use a sling or binder to hold the person's arm, blanket or pillow against the injured side ● Monitor breathing ● Minimize shock
Nose Injuries
Have the person sit with head forward and pinching nostrils for 10 minutes If pinching does not work, apply an ice pack to the bridge of the nose Keep the person leaned forward so blood stays out of the throat Do NOT remove any objects in the nose
If a tooth is knocked out
If the person is conscious, rinse out the mouth with tap water. Control bleeding by biting down on a rolled dressing. Pick up the tooth by the crown end and place in a closed container of milk. If it is severe enough, call 9-1-1 and give the tooth to EMS If not severe, seek emergency dental care as soon as possible Leave intact dentures in the mouth. Remove broken dentures and send with the patient.
seizure
If unconscious and fluid/vomit is in the victim's mouth, place on the side to allow fluid to drain from the mouth
Foreign object in the ear
If you can easily see and grasp the object, remove it. Do not try to remove any object using a tool that may push it farther back. Pull down earlobe, tilt head to the side and shake or strike gently on the injured side. If the object cannot be easily removed, seek more advanced medical help
A splint is a device that maintains an injured part in place if the person must be moved. To be effective, a splint for a suspected broken bone should
Include the joints or bones above and below the injury site.
Lower Back Injuries
Injuries to the lower back often occur with improper lifting mechanics. Lower back pain may also come from sitting or standing in the same position for a long period of time.
elbow injuries
It may be sprained fractured or dislocated. Care ● Do not move or straighten the elbow. Stabilize. ● Apply direct pressure unless directly over the fracture. Apply pressure around the area. ● If the person must be moved, splint the arm from shoulder to wrist in the position found. ● Apply ice or cold ● Minimize shock
sternum (breastbone)
Long, flat bone in the middle of the front of the rib cage
Pelvis
Lower part of the trunk containing intestines, bladder and internal reproductive organs
The brain
Major concern of head injuries. Blows to the head cause bruises or lacerations to the brain. Bleeding inside the brain builds up pressure and further damages brain tissue.
Forearm, Wrist and Hand Injuries
May involve breaks in the radius, ulna, or small bones in the wrist and hand. Bones in the wrist are a common site of fracture and dislocation. Care ● Do not move or straighten the injured area. Stabilize. ● Apply direct pressure unless directly over the fracture. Apply pressure around the area. ● If the person must be moved, provide rigid support under the forearm, then apply a sling and a binder. If one single finger is broken, you may be able to tape it to the one beside it. For several broken fingers, place a rolled up bandage in the palm of the hand so the fingers curl naturally and stabilize. ● Apply ice or cold ● Minimize shock
Abdomen
Middle part of the trunk containing the stomach, liver, intestines and spleen
Call 9-1-1 if
Numbness or tingling in any extremity Difficulty moving Loss of bladder control
Penetration of the lip
Place a rolled dressing between lip and gums and one on outer surface of the lip. If tongue is bleeding, apply direct pressure with a gloved hand. Apply ice or cold pack wrapped in gauze to the lip. If bleeding cannot be controlled easily, seek medical attention.
For an embedded object
Place in the face up position and stabilize the head Do NOT attempt to remove the object Stabilize the object by encircling the eye with gauze or sterile cloth Position thick bandages then cover the eye with a paper cup or other shield. The shield should not touch the object. Comfort and reassure the person
Care for a closed injury
Position the person on his back with knees bent in a way that does not cause pain. ● Do not put direct pressure over the area ● Place rolled up blankets or pillows under the persons knee
In caring for a bee sting, what should you do?
Remove the remaining stinger by scraping it from the skin.
Care for Musculoskeletal Injury
Rest- avoid any movements or injuries that cause pain Immobilize- keep the injured part from moving. Use a splint Cold- use an ice pack for no longer than 20 minutes at a time. Elevate- raise the injured part above the level of the heart only if it does not cause pain
Chest Injuries
Second leading cause of trauma death in the US annually. May be open or closed. Signals
Signals of Lower Back Injuries
Shooting pain in the lower back Sharp pain in one leg Sharp pain and tightness in the lower back Sudden, sharp pain in the back and feeling that something snapped Inability to bend over without pain
Signals of Musculoskeletal Injury
Snapping sound Pain Bruising and swelling Deformity Unable to use the affected part normally Bone fragments sticking out of the wound Crepitus Cold numbness or tingling at the site of injury Cause of injury suggesting it may be severe
Ankle and Foot Injuries
Sprains, dislocations and fractures are common. Occur often from forcefully landing on the feet.
knee injuries
Sprains, fractures and dislocations are common
concussion care
Support the head in the position found Maintain an open airway Control any bleeding and apply dressings to wounds. Do NOT apply pressure if evidence of skull fracture If clear fluid leaks from the ears or scalp wounds, cover loosely with sterile dressing Monitor changes in condition Comfort and reassure. Encourage them to talk.
Applying a splint
Support the injured part in the position in which you found it ● Check the body part on the other side of the splint for coloring and temperature before and after splinting to ensure the splint is not too tight ● Apply the splint to immobilize the bones and joints above and below the injured area ● Cut off or remove any clothing around the injury site. ● Cover and bandage any open wounds with sterile dressing before splinting ● Do not try to push protruding bones back beneath the skin ● Do not attempt to straighten any angulated fracture ● Do not allow the person to bear weight on the injured part ● Pad the splint for comfort ● Secure the splint in place ● Elevate the splinted part if it does not cause further pain or injury
Which action is not recommended when performing a reaching assist from a pool deck?
Swimming out into the water
Vertebrae
The 33 bones of the spine
● Forearm
The part of the upper extremity from the elbow to the wrist
Lower Extremity
The parts of the body from the hip to the toes
Muscle
Tissue that contracts and relaxes to create movement
signals of chest injuries
Trouble breathing or no breathing ● Severe pain at the site of the injury ● Flushed, pale, ashen or bluish skin ● Obvious deformity ● Coughing up blood ● Bruising at the site of injury ● A sucking noise or distinct sound when the person breathes
Fracture
a break or disruption in bone tissue
Chest
Upper part of the trunk, containing the heart, major blood vessels and lungs
care for abdominal injuries
Use disposable gloves or another barrier ● Do not apply direct pressure ● Do not push any protruding organs back into the abdomen ● Remove clothing from around the wound ● Apply a moist sterile or clean dressing loosely over the wound ● Cover the dressing loosely with plastic wrap ● Cover the dressing lightly with a folded towel to maintain the warmth ● Keep the person from getting chillen or overheated
Care for a serious head, neck or spine injury
Use manual stabilization to minimize movement of the head, neck and spine. If they are wearing a helmet, do not remove unless necessary for reaching the airway. Check for life threatening conditions. Maintain an open airway. Control external bleeding with direct pressure unless right above site of injury. Do NOT apply pressure if there are signs of a skull fracture. Do not attempt to remove a penetrating object. Stabilize it. Wear disposable gloves or another barrier Take steps to minimize shock. Control their temperature.
Stimulants
accelerates mental activity, feelings of alertness and task performance
Bone
a dense, hard tissue that forms the skeleton. Protect vital organs and other soft tissues.
Medication
a drug given therapeutically to treat disease or enhance well-being
Extremity
a limb of the body. Upper extremity is the arm. Lower extremity is the leg.
The stomach
a main digestive organ. May bleed severely or leak food contents to the body
Sudden illnesses may have rapid onset
acute
condition of rapid and severe onset
acute
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures
affects all or most of the brain. Petit mal and grand mal
Which is you primary concern when caring for an injury to the mouth of neck?
airway obstruction
A tetanus infection
animal or human bite
Drug
any substance other than food intended to affect the functions of the body
Injected poison
bee or wasp sting
Which of the following securely holds the arm to the chest?
binder
The spleen
bleeds easily. May rupture when the abdomen is hit by a blunt object
Which is the best way to remove a small foreign object from the eye?
blink the eye several times, allowing tears to remove the foreign object
amputation
body part completely severed from the body
Epilepsy
brain disorder with recurrent seizures
A rib fracture may effect:
breathing
Which of the following should you do to care for a scorpion sting?
call 911 wash the wound and apply a cold pack
Rib Fractures
caused by direct force to the chest. Rarely life threatening
In a wading assist the deepest water the rescuer should be in is _____ deep.
chest
Which of the following houses the heart and lungs:
chest
A blow to the head may cause a:
concussion
Which of the following should you do to care for a severe human bite?
control bleeding and call 911
A 6 year old falls on a sharp object. The object is sticking out of her leg. What should you do?
control bleeding and stabilize the object in the position in which you found it
febrile seizure
cool the body
In order from least to most severe, the heat-related illnesses are heat exhaustion, heat cramps and heat stroke.
false
Substance abuse
deliberate, persistent, excessive use of a substance
thigh injuries
damage to the femoral artery is a concern. The femoral artery supplies most of the lower leg.
Household poison
detergent "pods"
Which of the following poison substances found in the home are children most attracted to:
detergent pods
Splint
device used to immobilize body parts
Diabetes
disease in which insulin production or action cause high levels of blood sugar
Dislocation
displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint
Stroke
disruption of blood flow to part of the brain that causes permanent damage. Also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
stroke
disruption of blood flow to the brain
Anaphylaxis
distributive shock caused by allergic reaction
The head
easily injured because it lacks padding of fat and muscle tissue. Formed by the hard shell of the skull and the face. Protects the brain.
The most frequent upper extremity injury
falling on the hand of an outstretched arm.
A gunshot wound is an abrasion.
false
A sunburn is a type of thermal burn.
false
Alcohol is rarely abused on the University of Mississippi campus
false
An embedded object in the eye should be removed from the body to care for the wound by the 1st responder.
false
Apply ice to a burn to cool it.
false
Carbon monoxide is an ingested poison.
false
Ceiling fans do little to reduce a houses temperature in summer months.
false
Febrile seizures effect adults.
false
Frostbite can be treated by rubbing snow over the affected area.
false
Gently massage the frostbitten area to restore circulation and warm it up.
false
Heat-related illnesses only affect people who are outdoors.
false
If a person falls through the ice, get as close to them as possible to save them.
false
If a person falls through the iuce always approach them as quickly as possible.
false
Immerse the frostbitten area in hot water, apply a heating pad, or hold it close to a fire to rewarm the tissues.
false
When a person experiences a seizure it is best to put something in the victims mouth.
false
person can develop a heat- or cold-related illness only when extreme temperatures occur.
false
the best way to care for frostbite is by rubbing the area of the body you think might be affected.
false
Cannabis
feelings of elation, disoriented perceptions and impaired judgement
The largest bone in the body is the:
femur
Tendon
fibrous band attaching muscle to bone
Ligament
fibrous band that holds bones together at a joint
Post-ictal phase-
fourth (final) phase of a generalized seizure. Extreme fatigue
ou see a man struggling in the rushing waters of a flooded creek. Which is the best way to try to rescue him without endangering yourself?
from the shoreline extend an object for him to reach
Which of the following is NOT a venomous snake?
garden snake
The external reproductive organs are called the:
genitals
diabetic emergency
give food or fluid if victim conscious
Which of the following should the 1st responder NOT do with a fainting person?
give them water
Which of the following are signs/symptoms of Lyme disease?
headache/fever weakness joint pain
Check for life threatening conditions
if the person is not breathing, roll them onto their back without twisting the spine. Lift the chin just enough for an open airway and give rescue breaths if needed.
A splint is a device that maintains an injured part in place if the person must be moved. To be effective, a splint for a suspected broken bone should
include the joints or bones above or below the injury site
A poison that enters the body through a bite or a sting is called:
injected
Most venoms from insect bites enter the body by_____.
injection
Inhaled poison
kerosene space heater
Absorbed poison
lawn fertilizer/pesticide spreader
Closed fracture
leave the skin unbroken
Fainting
loss of consciousness, insufficient blood flow to the brain, syncope
Which is the first step you should take when caring for someone with an electrical burn?
make sure the scene is safe (the power source is turned off
A full thickness burn:
may destroy nerves & muscles
Withdrawal
mental or physical discomfort caused by cessation of a drug
Transient ischemic attack
mini stroke. Stroke like symptoms but no permanent damage.
Skeletal Muscle
muscles that attach to bones.
In which location are mosquito's most likely to be located?
near standing water
In a Summer drowning situation reaching assist the rescuer is usually located:
on land
Rigid splints
padded boards, folded magazines or newspapers, padded metal strips
Signs of serious injury to an extremity
pain or tenderness, swelling, discoloration, deformity, inability to move, severe external/internal bleeding, loss of sensation, feeling or tingling, cold to the touch.
Insulin
pancreatic hormone that signals cells to take in glucose
Complex partial seizure
partial seizure with altered mental status or unresponsiveness
The type of drowning where the victim shows no movement is called ______ drowning .
passive
Diabetic emergency
person becomes ill because of an imbalance in the bloodstream
Slipped (prolapsed) disc
pressure/ wear and tear on cartilage between the vertebrae causes the soft center of the disc to protrude through to the outer layer, pressing on a nerve and often causing muscle spasms.
The liver
protected some by the ribs. Bleeds easily. If torn, bile may leak into the body
stroke
raise arms
Opioids
relieves pain
the shoulder blade is also called the
scapula
Which of the following should you apply to a man of war jellyfish sting?
sea water
Tonic phase
second phase of a generalized seizure where a person loses conscious and muscles are rigid
Partial seizure
seizure affecting only part of the brain
Febrile seizures
seizure brought on by high fever in an infant
Grand mal
seizure involving the whole body with convulsions and loss of consciousness
Glucose
simple sugar. The body's primary energy source
puncture wound
skin closes around a penetrating object
laceration
skin cut and usually bleeding freely
avulsion
skin partially torn away from the body
abrasion
skin rubbed and scraped away
Depressants
slow down the physical activities of the brain, producing feelings of relaxation
One or two distinct puncture wounds
snake bite
Soft splints
soft materials (pillows, folded blankets or towels) or slings used in conjunction with binders
Simple partial seizure
specific body part experiences muscle contractions. Does not affect memory or awareness.
Monitor consciousness and breathing
spinal injuries may paralyze respiration muscles. You may need to give CPR.
Immobilize
splint or other method to keep an injured body part from moving
The most common injury to shoulder
sprain, but it is also prone to dislocations and fractures to one or more of these bones.
The long, flat bone in the middle of the front of the rib cage is called the:
sternum
Concussion
temporary loss of brain function caused by a blow to the head
Addiction
the compulsion to use a substance
Dependency
the desire or need to continually use a substance
Tolerance
the effect of a substance on the body decreases with continued use
Osteoporosis
the gradual weakening of bones
Thigh
the part of the lower extremity form the pelvis to the knee
Lower leg
the part of the lower extremity from the knee to the ankle
Upper extremity
the parts of the body from the shoulder to the fingers
Open fractures
the skin over the fracture site is broken
Overdose
the use of excessive amounts of a substance resulting in coma or death
An injury to the pelvis can include the genitals.
trtue
A 1st degree burn is less serious than a 3rd degree burn.
true
A binder holds the injure part to the body.
true
A change in a person's breathing can signal an internal chest injury.
true
A common allergen is pollen or ragweed.
true
A knocked out tooth can sometimes be re-implanted by a dentist.
true
A passive drowning victim may be floating face-up or down.
true
A sunburn is a radiation burn.
true
A violent cough can cause a rib fracture.
true
An example of an absorbed poison would be poison ivy
true
Chronic drinking can cause cirrhosis of the liver.
true
Fainting is also known as syncope.
true
For an unresponsive person CPR should begin on land.
true
Heat stroke is life threatening.
true
Heat stroke is when the body's temperature-regulating mechanism becomes overwhelmed.
true
If a person is experiencing signs and symptoms of a heat-related illness, is responsive and is able to swallow, you should offer the person small amounts of a cool drink containing carbohydrates and electrolytes (such as a commercial sports drink, coconut water or milk), or water if one of these options is not available.
true
If recognized early, heat cramps and heat exhaustion can usually be corrected with first aid measures.
true
In most cases you can stop a nose bleed by pinching the nostrils together.
true
Inhalants produce mood altering effects similar to alcohol.
true
It is important to monitor for shock when a person has been burned.
true
LSD is classified as a hallucinogen.
true
Marijuana can be prescribed for multiple sclerosis, glaucoma and cancer.
true
Most poisonings take place in the home.
true
Motor vehicle accidents can cause severe chest injuries.
true
Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes.
true
Rib fractures can effect a victims ability to breath.
true
Shoulder and arm injuries usually occur due to falls.
true
Substance abuse is the use of a substance without regard to health concerns or accepted medical practices.
true
Sweating is obne of the bodies ways of cooling down.
true
The Epi-pen is often injected into the victim's thigh for 3 seconds.
true
The best prevention strategy for heat-related illnesses is to stay properly hydrated.
true
The highest rates of drowning are children less than 5 years of age.
true
Vertebrae displacement
twisting movement causes two vertebrae to slip out of place, and facets lock into a position that puts pressure on nerves or irritates the joint. Often causes muscle spasms
Ingested poison
uncooked shellfish
Splints
used to immobilize injuries in order to lessen pain, prevent further damage, reduce the risk for serious bleeding and prevent closed fractures form becoming open fractures
Anatomic splints
using the person's body as a splint. Ex- stabilizing the arm against the chest
Cheek Injuries
usually only involve soft tissue Maintain an open airway despite bleeding into the mouth. Place dressings inside or outside the mouth to control bleeding. If an object passed all the way through the cheek, and you cannot control the bleeding without removing it: o Remove it the same way it went in oFold or roll several dressings and place them inside the mouth. Also place on the outside oPlace the person in a seated position leaned forward so blood does not go down the throat o Call9-1-1
Ligament pulls and muscle strains
violent movement or unaccustomed effort strains or tears muscles in the back, neck or the ligaments that bind together or surround each section of the spine.
A venom sac attached to a stinger at the wound site
wasp or bee sting
care for puncture wounds
● Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number ● Cover with an occlusive dressing ● Tape the dressing in place except for one corner, so that air can exit but not enter ● Monitor the person's breathing ● Take steps to minimize shock
