HPS Test #2

Draw an energy diagram with all of the electrons shown for the ion Cl-. Then write out the complete electron configuration. Give one element that is isoelectronic with it.

3p ↑↓↑↓↑↓ 3s ↑↓ 2p ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 2s ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ Argon Sulfur -2

Calculate the energy of one photon of light with a wavelength of 600 nm.

6.626x 10^-34x 3x 10^8/ 600x10^-9= 3.31e-28J

Which of the following statements about electrons is true? a. Electrons in atoms can be excited by light energy b. Electrons have a negative charge c. Electrons behave like waves d. Electrons are particles e. All of the above

Electrons in atoms can be excited by light energy Electrons have a negative charge Electrons behave like waves Electrons are particles All of the above

Which electron configuration represents a violation of the Pauli exclusion principle? a. 1s 2s 2p ↑↓ ↑↑ ↑ b. 1s 2s 2p ↑↓ ↑ c. 1s 2s 2p ↑ ↑ ↑↑↑ d. 1s 2s 2p ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ e. 1s 2s 2p ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑

a. 1s 2s 2p ↑↓ ↑↑ ↑

(i) [Kr] 5s1 (ii) [Ne] 3s23p5 (iii) [Ar] 4s23d104p4 (iv) [Ne] 3s33p6 (v) [Ar] 4s1 The electron configuration of the atom that is expected to have the lowest first ionization energy? a. (i) b. (ii) c. (iii) d. (iv) e. (v)

a. (i)

If an element has 9 protons and 10 neutrons and 9 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element? a. 19/9 F b. 19/9 K c. 19/19 K d. 9/19 K e. 9/19 F

a. 19/9 F

How many quantum numbers are necessary to designate a particular electron in an atom? a. 4 b. 5 c. 3 d. 2 e. 1

a. 4

(i) [Kr] 5s1 (ii) [Ne] 3s23p5 (iii) [Ar] 4s23d104p4 (iv) [Ne] 3s33p6 (v) [Ar] 4s1 The electron configuration of the atom that is expected to form a stable -2 ion is ________. a. (i) b. (ii) c. (iii) d. (iv) e. (v)

c. (iii)

Which of the sub-shells below do not exist due to the constraints upon the azimuthal quantum number? a. 2s b. 2p c. 2d d. All of the above e. None of the above

c. 2d

(i) [Kr] 5s1 (ii) [Ne] 3s23p5 (iii) [Ar] 4s23d104p4 (iv) [Ne] 3s33p6 (v) [Ar] 4s1 The electron configurations of the two atoms that form isoelectronic ions are _________. a. (i) and (iii) b. (ii) and (iii) c. (iii) and (iv) d. (ii) and (v) e. (i) and (v)

d. (ii) and (v)

An electron cannot have the quantum numbers n = __________, l = __________, ml = __________. a. 1,0,0 b. 6,1,0 c. 3,2,1 d. 3,2,3 e. 3,2,-2

d. 3,2,3

Which of the following atoms is the largest? a. Ca b. Mg c. Be d. Ba e. Sr

d. Ba

Which of the following elements has the fourth shell as its valence shell? a. beryllium (Be) b. hydrogen (H) c. zirconium (Zr) d. chromium (Cr) e. carbon (C)

d. Chromium (Cr)

Which of the following is not the name of a chemical family? a. Alkali metals b. Transition metals c. Alkaline earth metals d. Heavy metals e. Noble gasses

d. Heavy metals

Which of the following statements does not describe a proton? a. It is much more massive than an electron b. It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's c. It is a nucleon d. It orbits around the nucleus of an atom e. It is attracted to negatively charged electrical plates

d. It orbits around the nucleus of an atom

Which of the following elements is a transition metal? a. Xenon (Xe) b. Lithium (Li) c. Lead (Pb) d. Silver (Ag) e. Chlorine (Cl)

d. Silver (Ag)

From which of the following atoms would removing an electron be the most difficult? a. Sr b. I c. Rb d. Xe e. Cd

d. Xe

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It has a relatively large mass. a. an electron b. a proton c. a neutron d. A and B e. B and C

e. ) A proton and a neutron

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is electrically charged a. an electron b. a proton c. a neutron d. A and B e. B and C

e. An electron and a proton

Which of the following describes a non mental? a. ductile b. good conductor of heat c. malleable d. shiny e. poor conductor of electricity

e. poor conductor of electricity

Germanium, Ge (number 32), computer chips operate faster than silicon, Si (number 14), computer chips. So how might a gallium, Ga (number 31), chip compare with a germanium chip? a. A gallium chip would be even faster because the gallium is more metallic b. Gallium is more nonmetallic and so it does not conduct electrons very well c. A gallium chip would be slower because its electrons are more loosely held d. Gallium is located just below aluminum, which is widely know to be an electrical insulator

a. A gallium chip would be even faster because the gallium is more metallic

The mass number of an element is __________. a. The number of protons b. The sum of the electrons and the neutrons c. The sum of the isotopes d. The sum of the protons and the neutrons e. The sum of the electrons and the protons

a. The number of protons

Which of these is not a metal? a. selenium (atomic no.= 34) b. gallium (atomic no.= 31) c. vanadium (atomic no.= 23) d. lithium (atomic no.= 3) e. potassium (atomic no.= 19)

a. selenium (atomic no.= 34)

If a neutral element has the following chemical symbol, how many electrons does it have? 18/8 O a. 12 b. 8 c. 6 d. 24 e. none of the above

b. 8

What is the main difference between a conceptual model and a physical model? a. A conceptual model represents the shape and form while a physical model describes how a system behaves b. A physical model represents the shape and form while a conceptual model describes how a system behaves c. Conceptual models can only be used to describe concepts d. Physical models can only be used to represent the real world. e. Physical models and conceptual models can be used to describe the same things

b. A physical model represents the shape and form while a conceptual model describes how a system behaves

What was Niels Bohr's explanation for the observation of atomic spectra? a. Electrons could not move in an atom b. Electrons could only move in discrete energy steps within an atom c. Nucleons could be excited by different electron energies d. Only certain photons with the correct energy could excite the quanta in the nucleus e. Any photon could excite an electron

b. Electrons could only move in discrete energy steps within an atom

How would you describe light generated by heating pure elements if it was observed thought a prism or spectroscope? a. Light is absorbed by heated element so you would not see anything. b. You would see a series of very sharp lines of emitted light c. You would see one line of emitted light, but it would be different for each element. d. You would see a rainbow of colors e. None of the above

b. You would see a series of very sharp lines of emitted light

Electrons that are in degenerate orbitals have the same a. b. energy c. shape d. value of n e. partial orientation

b. energy

How many electrons are there in the third shell of sodium, Na (atomic number 11)? a. none b. one c. two d three

b. one

Which of the following is NOT a nonmetal? a. xenon (atomic no. =54) b. titanium (atomic no. =22) c. selenium (atomic no. =34) d. sulfur (atomic no. =16) e. helium (atomic no.=2)

b. titanium (atomic no. =22)

If you remove two neutrons and two electrons from a silver atom (Ag), what new particle is formed? a. In+2 b. Ag+2 c. Co+2 d. Rh+2 e. Cu+2

b.) Ag+2

Which of the following best explains what is happening when an atom emits light? a. A proton is undergoing a nuclear change in the nucleus and is emitting a high energy light wave in the process b. Heat energy is converting a neutron into a proton and an electron, which is ejected into the orbit of the nucleus, releasing light energy c. An electron is dropping from a higher to a lower energy level with the difference in energy between the two being emitted as light d. Heat energy is speeding up the orbit of the electrons and the resulting Doppler shift causes light to be emitted from the electrons e. An electron is jumping from a low energy state to a high energy state with the difference in energy being converted to light

c. An electron is dropping from a higher to a lower energy level with the difference in energy between the two being emitted as light

Chlorine is much more apt to exist as an anion than is sodium. This is because __________. a. Chlorine is a gas and sodium is a solid b. Chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium does c. Chlorine has a greater electron affinity than sodium does d. Chlorine is more metallic than sodium e. Chlorine is bigger than sodium

c. Chlorine has a greater electron affinity than sodium does

Which of the following elements are in the same period as magnesium (Mg)? a. Mn b. Sr c. Cl d. Ca e. None of the above

c. Cl

Which of the following does not describe a neutron? a. It is a nucleon b. It is often associated with protons c. It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's d. It is much more massive than an electron e. It is more difficult to detect than a proton or an electron

c. It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's

Which of the following elements is an alkali metal? a. Cerium (Cr) b. Argon (Ar) c. Lithium (Li) d. Indium (In) e. Lead (Pb)

c. Lithium (Li)

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It does not have an electrical charge. a. an electron b. a proton c. a neutron d. A and B e. B and C

c. a neutron

Which of these properties describes a metal? a. brittle b. transparent c. conducts heat very well d. fragile e. doesn't conduct electricity very well

c. conducts heat very well

If an element has 10 protons and 11 neutrons and 10 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element? a. sodium-20 b. neon-31 c. neon-21 d. neon-11 e. sodium-11

c. neon-21