hrd 245 midterm

ingratiation

Craig, a high school student, wakes up on a Sunday morning and makes his mothers favorite cake and cookies. he wants to seek permission for a week long trekking trip and is suer that the cake and cookies will get his mother in a good mood; this scenario exemplifies

moral justification

___ involves reinterpreting otherwise immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose

self fulfilling prophecy

___ occurs when people's expectations or predictions play a casual role in bringing about the events they predict

false

a force field analysis is an idea generating activity conducted in a group setting to enhance the creative potential of any group trying to solve a problem

referent

a leader who has developed close interpersonal relationships with followers generally uses his or her __ power to influence them

mentoring

a personal relationship in which a more experience mentor acts as a guide, role model and sponsor of a less experienced protege is known as

true

a technique for increasing diversity and creativity in problem solving groups involves the use of four preference dimension of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator

introverted leaders prefer to think things through and announce only final decisions

according to Myers and Myers, there are four basic preference dimensions in which people can differ

false

according to RT Hogan and J Morrison, leaders should recognize that creativity is revolutionary not evolutionary

conformist followers

according to Robert Kelleys basic styles of followership, ___ are the yes people of organizations and are very active at doing their organizations work

exemplary followers

according to Robert Kelleys basic styles of followership, who among the following presents a consistent picture to both leaders and coworkers of being independent, innovative and willing to stand up to superiors

is an interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to

according to leadership researchers , leadership

flaneur

according to patricia conners webs of belied which of the following webs of belief undergrads how one balances active participation in the events of ones life with alternating periods of observation, reflection, detachment and rest

it essentially concerns ones need for approval

according to the Five Factor Model or OCEAN model of personality, which of the following statements is most likely true about agreeableness

are the most effective leaders

according to the leadership grid 9,9 leaders

have a realistic self perception

an authentic leader will most likely

false

being helpful, honest and logical are examples of terminal values

is the leadership competency of developing and maintaining relationships that allow people to work together

building social capital

true

choice of clothing can affect ones power and influence

Ohio state and the University of Michigan both decided that they were going to do research into leader behaviors that help group performances be more effective. When Ohio State conducted their research, they wanted to find out if leaders that express higher levels of both the task and people oriented behaviors are more effective in leadership and management than those that just have one or the other. Michigan was researching if leaders with job or employee control were more effective in helping a group. Michigan considered leadership behavior to be at the opposite end of the single continuum than job and employee centered behaviors. Ohio State believed that consideration and initiating structure fell under the independent continuums. REWORD ON TEST

compare and contrast the leader behavior research conducted by the Ohio State University and the U of M

false

credibility is made up of three components; expertise, commitment and relationships

Vision: who pull people together on the basis of shared beliefs and common sense of organizational purpose and belonging. Empathy: who show they understand the world as we see and experience it. Consistent: This means that changes are understood as a process of evolution in the light of relevant new evidence. Not necessarily having no changes. Integrity: is strong; who demonstrate their commitment to higher principles through their actions.

describe the four qualities of leadership that engender trust according to Bennis and Goldsmith

- personality is concerned with identity. Whereas public reputation can be defined as how others perceive a particular individual, identity is concerned with how people see or define themselves - impression a person makes on others. This view of personality emphasizes a person's public reputation and reflects not only a description but also an evaluation of the person in the eyes of others

explain the two meanings of personality

false

good leadership is all about calculation, planning, and following a checklist

true

having a high level of technical competence is important because many leaders, particularly first line supervisors often spend considerable time training followers

independent

ideal followers are most likely to be described as

an evidenced the fact that being a woman and being a manager are contradictory

in a classic stud of sex roles , Schein

true

in mentoring a mentor is the protege immediate supervisor and is necessarily a part of the organization

false

in single loop learning, individuals tend to learn about subjects outside the comfort zone of their belief systems

women helped subordinates develop commitment to broader goals than their own self interest

in survey research by Judith Rosener that identified several differences in how men and women described their leadership experiences it was found that..

openness to experience

in the OCEAN model, the personality dimension that is concerned with curiosity, innovative thinking, and assimilating new information is known as

verbal 360 degree technique

in the ___ 10-15 superiors, peers and direct reports are asked to share a target individuals strengths and areas of improvement as a leader in phone or face to face interviews

the meeting should end by arranging a follow up meeting to review progress

in the context of the first day on the job, identify a true statement about the first meeting of the new leaders with their new bosses

the first two months

in the context of the new leader on boarding road map, which of the following steps most likely involves gathering benchmarking information from other organizations, meeting with key external customers and suppliers and if appropriate, meeting with the former team leader

true

influence is the degree of actual change in a target persons attitudes, values, beliefs, or behaviors

true

informal personal communication is enhanced when leaders communicate across their desks to followers

true

interpersonal skills are leadership competencies and behaviors having to do with adapting to stress, goal orientation and adhering to rules

true

keeping a journal is likely to increase the likelihood that leaders will be able to look at an event from a different perspective

false

leader support is a job centered dimension of behaviors and is similar to the initiating structure dimension of the various Ohio State questionnaires

- Formal ethics policies and procedures: It's sometimes said that "you can't legislate morality," and the same may be said about legislating an ethical climate. Nonetheless, certain formal policies and procedures are probably necessary if not sufficient conditions for creating an ethical climate. - Core ideology: A core ideology is basically an organization's heart and soul. It represents the organization's purpose, guiding principles, basic identity, and most important values. Starbucks is a good example. Starbucks's guiding principles include (1) respect and dignity for partners (employees); (2) embracing diversity; (3) applying the highest standards of excellence to the business;Page 166 (4) developing "enthusiastically satisfied customers"; (5) contributing positively to local communities and to the environment more generally; and (6) maintaining profitability. - Integrity: The core ideology cannot be a mere set of boardroom plaques or other exhortations to behave well. The core ideology must be part of the fabric ofPage 167 every level and unit in the organization. Just as personal integrity describes an individual whose outward behavior and inward values are congruent and transparent, organizational integrity describes an organization whose pronouncements are congruent with its public and private actions at every level and in every office - Structural reinforcement: An organization's structure and systems can be designed to encourage higher ethical performance and discourage unethical performance. Performance evaluation systems that provide opportunities for anonymous feedback increase the likelihood that "dark side" behaviors would be reported, and thus discourage their enactment. Reward systems can promote honesty, fair treatment of customers, courtesy, and other desirable behaviors. If poorly designed, however, reward systems can also promote dishonesty. - Process focus: There also needs to be explicit concern with process, not just the achievement of tangible individual, team, and organizational goals. How those goals are achieved needs to be a focus of attention and emphasis too. When senior leaders set exceptionally high goals and show that they expect goals to be achieved no matter what it takes, employees may be tempted to engage in unethical behavior

leaders create and sustain ethical climates in organizations through five fronts of leadership. identify and describe these fronts and discuss how they relate to an ethical climate in an organization

true

leaders who can empathize and get along with others are often more successful than those who cannot

true

leaders who score low in conscientiousness tend to be more spontaneous, creative and impulsive

hide their emotions

leaders who score low in neuroticism tend to

true

leadership is a complex phenomenon involving the leader, the follower and the situation

vision

leadership is most associated with words like

true

meetings should only be called if the potential benefits outweigh the costs

true

millennials share an optimism born, perhaps, from having been raised by parents devoted to the task of bringing their generation to adulthood

engaging a critical mass to take action to achieve a specific outcome or set of outcomes

mobilization is best described as

the heroic theory

most early research on leadership was based on the assumption that leadership is a general person trait expressed independently of the situation in which the leadership is manifested.. commonly known as

false

organizations usually offer on boarding programs to help internal candidates move into top managerial roles, which help them figure out how to operate at this leadership level

are likely to experience referent power between the less powerful and the more powerful members of society

people in societies exhibiting a large degree of power distance

true

potential to influence others through the ability to administer rewards is a joint function of the leader, the followers and the situation

true

referent power refers to the potential influence one has due to the strength of the relationship between the leader and the follower

true

research has shown that some executives are derailed because they are unable or unwilling to adapt to superiors with leadership styles different from their own

teacher mentor

simone, a senior sales manager, cares about developing the skills of her teammates and works beside them as a role model, in the context of five fundamental archetypes of leadership, she most likely belongs to

true

some managers are likely to be effective leaders without ever having taken a course or training program in leadership

false

strong situations that are covered by clearly specified rules, demands and organizational policies maximize the effects that traits have on behavior

false

studies indicate perception is basically a passive activity suggesting that everyone attends to all aspects of a situation equally

true

studies show that female managers are less likely than male managers to compromise or negotiate during their influence attempts

false

study of 750 firms by Watson-Wyatt, a human resource consulting firm, reported that companies that used 360 degree feedback systems had 10.6% increase in shareholder value

fundamental attribution error

tendency to overestimate the dispositional causes of behavior and underestimate the environment causes when others fail is called

knowledge

the ___ components of assertiveness skills concerns knowing where and when not to behave assertively

communication effectiveness

the degree to which someone tells others something and ensures that they understand what was said is called

true

the forer effect occurs when people give high accuracy ratings to descriptive statements that are personally flattering but so vague that they could apply to virtually anyone

false

the goals and standards quadrants of the GAPS analysis are focused on the present

true

the last phase in development planning concerns ongoing development

concern for people and concern for production

the leadership grid profiles leader behavior on two dimensions which are

true

the leadership pipeline provides a useful framework for thinking about how leadership competencies change as people are promoted through organizations

true

the mere presence of a group can cause people to act differently than when they are alone

false

the phrase influence without authority reflects the idea that few people are required to influence others in the work place

true

the tendency to overestimate the dispositional causes of behavior and underestimate the environmental factors when others fail is called the fundamental attribution error

true

through a distortion of consequences, people minimize the harm caused by their behavior

come across to others as decisive and opinionated

unlike individuals who score low in extraversion , individuals who score high in this dimension

makes transfer back to the actual work situation more difficult

unlike traditional training programs, action learning

true

walker and smithed reported that managers who shared their 360 degree feedback results with their followers and worked on an action plan to improve their ratings had a dramatic improvement in others ratings over a five year period

vision, empathy, consistency and integrity

what are the four qualities of leadership that engender trust according to tennis and goldsmith

ends based thinking rule based thinking care based thinking Kidder suggests to use all theories and see which benefits the most

what are the three principles for resolving ethical dilemmas according to kidder -- how does kidder suggest using these principles

- experienced leaders have a greater repertoire of behaviors to fall back on, leaders with greater experience but lower intelligence are hypothesized to have higher-performing groups under conditions of high stress - experience leads to habitual behavior patterns, leaders with high levels of experience tend to misapply old solutions to problems when creative solutions are called for

what are the two major predictions made by the cognitive resources theory with respect to intelligence, experience, Stress and group performance

the goals quadrant of the GAPS analysis

when building a development plan, ones career objective comes directly from

principles of right conduct

which of the following best describes ethics

the warrior knight archetype

which of the following fundamental archetypes of leadership is most likely to take risks and action in a crisis

decreasing apprehensions about doing something new or different

which of the following is most likely an outcome of regularly practicing a 10% stretch

to clearly identify what one wants to do or where one wants to go with one's career over the next year or so

which of the following is the first step while conducting a GAPS analysis

a close directive leadership style

which of the following leadership styles are supervisors most likely to use when interacting with subordinates with poor technical skills

knowing how well one can paraphrase a senders message

which of the following most likely makes up the evaluative component of listening skills

it is used as a tool for identifying the key element affecting a problem situation

which of the following statements is true about force field analysis

it is directly proportional to the strength of the relationship between leaders and followers

which of the following statements is true of coercive power

it takes place whenever a leader helps followers to change their behaviors

which of the following statements is true of informal coaching

mindfulness

which of the following terms is most likely defined as the ability to intentionally pay attention to the present moment while letting go of judgement

efficiency

which of the following words is most often associated with the word "management"

using progressive muscle relaxation techniques

which of the following would be best for managing stress

reduced job performance

which of the following would most likely result from too much stress

superiors and followers with good relationships tend to experience less conflict

which statement is most likely true about followers having a good working relationship with their superiors

technical expertise plays a key role in supervisions performance appraisal ratings of subordinates

why do followers most likely need to have a high level of technical competence

false

with in-basket exercises, participants are given a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to a number of notes, letters and phone messages from an actual managers inbox

acquiring and allocating resources

work facilitation behaviors are concerned with