HROB 101 FINAL CSUS Amy Mickel
Enhancement
Claiming that something you did is more valuable than most other members of the organizations would think is a self-focused IM technique. Example: A journalist tells his editor, "My work on this celebrity divorce story was really a major boost to our sales" (even though the story only made it to page 3 in the entertainment section).
Exemplification
Doing more than you need to in an effort to show how dedicated and hardworking you are is an assertive IM technique. Example: An employee sends e-mails from his work computer when he works late so that his supervisor will know how long he's been working. giving a thank you letter after an interview.
Advantages of charismatic leader are
can motivate people and lead them towards a particular goal
sexual harassment
clear example of abuse of power.
legitimate political behaivors
doing favors
dependency
example of a child being dependent towards their parent for everything. therefore they have more power because they are dependent on them.
how do you create or sustain a culture
founders play large role. Hire people with same value. Senior management practices what they preach and they walk the talk.
to be a strong culture
have norms that are intensely held and employees believe in them. they are widely shared among the employees.
Disadvantages of charismatic leaders are
if you have a charismatic leader that is unethical, then it can get pretty dark. Hitler is a good example of an unethical charismatic leader
online leadership
it takes longer to build trust online. have to have a great deal of trust to be an effective leader.
Authentic leaders
leaders who are true to themselves and know who they are, know what they believe in and they abide by that. they don`t waiver. great people to work with, even if you disagree with them with their values or share their beliefs, you know where they are coming from. you know where authentic leaders stand. Authentic leaders practice what they preach.
servant leadership
leaders who go beyond self interest and help followers grow and develop. these leaders may work in nonprofit organizations, educators.
inspirational approaches
makes the clear distinction between leaders and managers
Advantages of having a mentor
mentors can lobby for you, explain to you how things work, help with work life balance, good mentor listen well
formal mentor
organization gives you a mentor
illegitamite political behaivors
sabotage, blackmailing someone, talk negative about company.
charismatic leadership
some are more naturally charismatic than others, these leaders have a vision and are able to articulate that vision. often will take personal risks. tend to be sensitive to their followers and employees needs. Also often engage unconventional behaviors.
sustitutes
sometimes we don`t need leaders, examples such as a group of experts can replace the need for a leader`s support.
politic skills
the ability to influence people. some are more skillful than others.
power
the capacity that person A has to influence the behavior of person B, so that person B acts in accordance to person A.
culture
the norms that are understood and what are the appropriate behaviors of an organization. underlines what are the value, what to do they care about. it is descriptive. answer what its like to work at a company
attribution theory of leadership
the notion that to be an effective leader we have to attribute those qualities to that person and we have to see them as the leader. Ex. someone can have a leadership title and they think they are the leader but the followers don`t attribute those qualities to them but instead to someone else who has the qualities of a leader.
Transformational leadership
these leaders are about change. have a vision and are able to idealize that vision and influence people. they set expectations and people are inspired and motivated to fulfill them. these leaders promote intelligence and tend to be intelligent themselves. they give personal attention and individual consideration to people
trust
to be an effective leader you have to have your followers and employees trust. if you do not have their trust, you`ll be an ineffective leader. incredibly important.
power tactics
turning power into action. someone may have power and they can chose whether to use it or not. they have the choice to either use it in positive ways or in negative ways
informal mentor
when a relationship is formed between a senior employee and a less experienced employee and then the senior employee mentor them. this mentor ship is more effective.
Impression management
when you try to shape the impression people have of you. important when you have a short period of time to make an impression. ex. interviews, convincing a customer to choose your company, first date. Putting yourself in the best light.
how to influence people
● Legitimacy. Relying on your authority position or saying a request accords with organizational policies or rules. ● Rational persuasion. Presenting logical arguments and factual evidence to demonstrate a request is reasonable. ● Inspirational appeals. Developing emotional commitment by appealing to a target's values, needs, hopes, and aspirations. ● Consultation. Increasing the target's support by involving him or her in deciding how you will accomplish your plan. ● Exchange. Rewarding the target with benefits or favors in exchange for following a request. ● Personal appeals. Asking for compliance based on friendship or loyalty. ● Ingratiation. Using flattery, praise, or friendly behavior prior to making a request. ● Pressure. Using warnings, repeated demands, and threats. ● Coalitions. Enlisting the aid or support of others to persuade the target to agree. Power in Numbers
why would someone want to be a mentor?
1. they can leave a legacy behind 2. people want to help
consequences of trust
1. trust encourages employees to take risks 2. trust encourages information sharing 3. Groups that trust each other tend to be more effective 4. There is higher productivity when people feel they can trust their leader
individual & organizational factors that influence political behavior
1.High Mach personality 2.Uncertainty on their job situation
personal bases of power
1. Expert- some has expertise to do a specific task and other people don`t have that knowledge. ex. IT guys have expert power because teachers are dependent on their expertise. 2. Referent- power that someone has because they are likable, admirable person and people look up to them. ex . Steph Curry is a likable guy
Three key characteristics in developing trust
1. Integrity- are they telling the truth. are they honest. 2. Benevolence- are they making decisions that are for the greatest good of the company. 3. Ability- have to believe the leader knows what they are doing. have to have the skills and knowledge.
formal power bases
1. Legitimate- someone has power based on the position in the organization ex. CEO, Manager 2. Reward- people having the ability to distribute rewards. ex. give raises and promotions 3. Coercive- someone has power based from fear of the negative results from failing to comly. ex. law enforcement
Socialization and its three stages
1. Pre-arrival Stage- get the idea of what it might be like to work somewhere 2. Encounter Stage- actually start working at the organization. 3. Metamorphosis stage- you go through this stage if the your expectations were met. Note: If the job is different than what you thought it would be like you don`t go through the metamorphosis stage and you end up leaving. important to find culture that you can fit in.
three characteristics of resources
1. Scarcity- limited amount of resources 2. Nonsubstitutible- can`t substitute this resource 3. Important-
resources which create dependency
1. Tangible- examples money, someone who control where money goes 2. Intangible- information or a specialized skillset
Disadvantages of culture
1. barrier to diversity because you are hiring people that share the same values 2. change- don`t want to change 3. merger- culture issues
disadvantages of highly political environment
1. increase peoples stress and anxiety 2. decreases satisfaction 3. decreases performance 4. increases turnover
advantages of having a strong culture
1. less need for micro management, culture manages itself. People know what they need to do 2. helps create sense making. 3. guide behavior 4. gives people a sense of identity, people feel more commited
ways people can learn about culture
1. stories 2. rituals- having annual party 3. Language 4. Material Symbols- Brand Logos
Apologies
Admitting responsibility for an undesirable event and simultaneously seeking to get a pardon for the action is a defensive IM technique. Example: An employee says to his boss, "I'm sorry I made a mistake on the report. Please forgive me."
Conformity
Agreeing with someone else's opinion to gain his or her approval is a form of ingratiation. Example: A manager tells his boss, "You're absolutely right on your reorganization plan for the western regional office. I couldn't agree with you more."
Self-Promotion
Highlighting one's best qualities, downplaying one's deficits, and calling attention to one's achievements is a self-focused IM technique. Example: A salesperson tells his boss, "Matt worked unsuccessfully for three years to try to get that account. I sewed it up in six weeks. I'm the best closer this company has." Answer why you may be the best person for a job.
about power bases
People may have multiple bases of power.
Flattery
Sincerely complimenting others about their virtues in an effort to make oneself appear perceptive and likeable is an assertive IM technique. Example: A new sales trainee says to her peer, "You handled that client's complaint so tactfully! I could never have handled that as well as you did." Make sure its genuine.
mentoring
a senior employee who sponsors and supports a less experienced employee
leader member exchange theory
about in-group and out group favoritism
subcultures
based on location or areas of a company
