HS2: CPR Training
Pun you notice the chest compression rate of your partner is slowing after a few cycles. What should you say to offer constructive feedback?
"You need to compress at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute"
You notice the chest compressions rate of your partner is slowing after a few cycles. What should you say to offer constructive feedback?
"You need to compress at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute"
1 rescuer compression-to-ventilation ratio for children and infants
30:2
The compression to ventilation ratio for one rescuer giving CPR to individuals of any age
30:2
AED & a peacemaker (or defibrillator)
Avoid putting the pad over the lump where the device is located
AED & pacemaker (or defibrillator):
Avoid putting the pad over the lump where the device is located
The five steps in the Adult Chain of Survival include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Rapid defibrillation B. Use of cardiovascular medications C. Early CPR D. Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
B. Use of cardiovascular medications
You are alone when you encounter a person in what appears to be cardiac or respiratory arrest. What are the first three steps should take to stabilize the person?
Check for danger, check for response, and send for help
The critical characteristics of high-quality CPR include which of the following? A. Starting chest compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest B. Pushing hard and fast C. Minimizing interruptions D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following are signs of airway obstruction? A. Poor air exchange B. High-pitched noise while inhaling C. Inability to speak D. All of the above
D. All of the above
2 Rescuer Adult BLS:
First Rescuer: Basically, at first, treat situation as 1 Rescuer BLS; high-quality CPR & breaths (30:2), positioned at the victims side Second Rescuer: responsible for powering the AED and attaching the pads, positioned at the victims head
2 Rescuer Adult BLS
First Rescuer: basically, at first, treat situation as 1 Rescuer BLS; high-quality CPR & breaths (30:2), positioned at the victim's side Second Rescuer: responsible for powering the AED and attaching the pads, positioned at the victim's head
1 Rescuer Adult BLS
High-quality CPR and breaths (30:2)
1 Rescuer Adult BLS:
High-quality CPR and breaths (30:2)
AED & medicine patch
If it's located where you need to put the pads, take the patch off and quickly wipe off the chest
AED & medicine patch:
If it's located where you need to put the pads, take the patch off and quickly wipe off the chest
The proper steps for operating an AED
Power on the AED, attach the electrode pads, analyze the rhythm, and shock the person
AED & a hairy chest:
Quickly shave the chest or rip the pads off forcefully
AED & a hairy chest
Quickly shave the chest or rip the pads off forcefully if no razor is available
What does ROSC mean?
Return of Spontaneous Circulation
Why is allowing complete chest recoil important when performing high-quality CPR?
The heart will adequately refill between compressions
AED & water on the chest:
Wipe the chest quickly and/or quickly move the victim to a dry area
AED and water on the chest
Wipe the chest quickly and/or quickly move the victim to a dry area
A 49-year-old female suffers a witnessed cardiac arrest. She has a known cardiac history per her family. You notice a bulge in the upper left chest under the skin. There is a healed incision overlying that bulge. Which is true of AED use?
You should avoid placing pads over the bulge
A 21-year-old intoxicated college student turns blue and collapses while eating a hot dog at a bar. You are concerned that this student may have choked. What is the best method to clear an obstruction from the airway?
abdominal thrust (Heimlich maneuver)
What would be a sign of ROSC in a patient?
able to feel a pulse
In 1-rescuer CPR for a child with unwitnessed cardiac arrest, activation of the emergency response system occurs ___________ , and the compression-ventilation ratio is ___________
after 2 minutes of CPR, 30:2
How often should rescuers switch roles when performing two-rescuer CPR?
after every five cycles of CPR (alternate the compressor role every 2 minutes)
In the important differences in BLS for children, a child is:
anyone from age 1 to puberty is considered a child
The initial Basic Life Support (BLS) steps for adults
assess the individual, activate EMS and get AED, check pulse, and start CPR
Check for breathing and pulse should take _________________________________________
at least 5 but less than 10 seconds
You witness someone suddenly collapse. The person is unresponsive. You hear gasping sounds and there is no pulse. What should you do next?
begin CPR; the gasps are not normal breathing
Signs of ROSC include:
breathing, coughing, or movement and a palpable pulse of a measurable blood pressure
#1 cause of death in America
cardiovascular disease
Where should you attempt to perform a pulse check on a child who is anywhere from one year to puberty?
carotid or femoral artery
The AHA guidelines for CPR recommended BLS sequence of steps
chest compressions, airway management, and rescue breathing
In the important differences in BLS for children, puberty is considered:
chest or underarm hair on boys and any breast development on girls
What best matches the following statement, "The team functions smoothly when all members know their positions, functions, and tasks during a resuscitation attempt."?
clear roles and responsibilities
What is MOST important for coordinating with others during high-quality CPR?
count out loud during chest compressions
You are the first responder for a person in a parking lot that you have assessed is in cardiac arrest. What do you do first in the chain of survival?
designate someone to call 911
In an adult with an advanced airway during two-rescuer CPR, how often should the breaths be administered?
every 6 to 8 seconds (8 to 10 breaths per minute)
Adult AED pads should never be used on an infant
false
During 1-rescuer infant CPR, the rescuer uses the heel of 1 hand to provide chest compressions
false
It is acceptable for AED pads to touch of overlap each other when applies to the victim's bare chest
false
When performing CPR for a child, the Rescuer should compress the chest by using 2 fingers
false
After you have attached the AED pads to the victim's bare chest, the AED detects ventricular fibrillation. What is the next step when using an AED?
follow the AED prompts
Agonal breathing
gasping, labored breathing
Cardiac arrest
heart stops beating
In 2-rescuer CPR for a child with unwitnessed cardiac arrest, activation of the emergency response system occurs _________ , and the compression-to-ventialation ratio is ____________
initially while getting AED, 15:2
What best matches the following statement, "Members of the team know their boundaries and ask for help before the resuscitation attempt worsens."?
knowing your limits
Which of the following best matches the statement "Members of the team know their boundaries and ask for help before the resuscitation attempt worsens."
knowing your limits
Heart attack
lack of blood flow to the heart
For children, if the arrest is sudden and you witnessed it:
leave the child, activate EMS, get the AED, and then return to the child to perform CPR
In infants, a ______________ defibrillator is preferred
manual
Why are ventilations delivered to a pediatric arrest person before seeking assistance in single-rescuer scenarios?
most pediatric cardiac arrests are due to respiratory arrest
How can you ensure your breaths are effective when using a bag-mask device?
observing the chest rise with breaths
In infants, if a manual defibrillator is not available, an AED with a ____________________ is preferred
pediatric dose attenuator
What action is most likely to positively impact a victim's survival who is unresponsive, not breathing, and had no pulse?
performing high-quality CPR
How should you check an infant's pulse?
place 2-3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, midway between the infant's elbow and shoulder, to check the infant's brachial pulse
For children and infants, some pads recommend a different pad placement that involves
placing one on the chest and one on the back
You attempt to deliver a breath through a mask but it does not go in. What is the next step?
reposition the airway
After delivering a shock with an AED, what is the next step in caring for a person?
resume CPR
During high-quality infant CPR, chest compressions should be delivered at a depth of at least one third the anteroposterior diameter of the chest, or about 1 1/2 inches (4 cm)
true
If a rescuer is alone and did not see the child collapse, the rescuer should perform 2 minutes of CPR before leaving the child to activate the emergency response system and get the AED
true
When they are available, the rescuer should use child pads with a pediatric dose attenuator for infants and children less than 8 years of age
true
Main arrhythmia associated with cardiac arrest
ventricular fibrillation (VF)
For children, if you do not witness the arrest and are alone:
you should perform 5 cycles of CPR before you leave to activate EMS
Compressions for an Infant
- 1 Rescuer: place 2 fingers on the chest instead of your hands. Do not press the tip of the sternum. - 2 Rescuer: use the 2-thumb-encircling technique - Depth at least one third the depth of the child's chest: about 1.5 inches
Recognition of Cardiac Arrest in Children and Infants
- Check for responsiveness - No breathing or only gasping (not normal breathing) - No definite pulse or pulse < 60
Technique for the pocket mask
- Hold the mask with the correct grip (E-C Clamp) - Open the airway using the head-tilt-chin lift - Watch for effectiveness through chest rise - Deliver each breath over 1 second with just enough force to produce visible chest rise
Why is defibrillation important in the chain of survival?
- It can restore a regular cardiac rhythm - It eliminates the abnormal heart rhythm
Why is defibrillation important in the chain of survival?
- It can restore a regular cardiac rhythm - It eliminates the abnormal heart rhythm
Before starting CPR:
- Make sure the victim is on a firm & flat surface, lying face up - Remove any clothing quickly from the front of the victim's chest - You'll need to work with a bare chest, and later you'll attach the AED pads to bare skin
Bag-mask for infant
- Make sure you have the right size - Use the E-C Clamp and ensure that the infant's head is not extended beyond the neutral position
Compressions for a Child
- May use 1 or 2 hands - whichever works for you and allows you to provide deep, effective compressions - Depth at least one third the depth of the child's chest: about 2 inches
For carotid pulse:
- Perform on the side closest to you - With 2 fingers slide into the groove just to the side of the trachea
Depth of Compressions for Infants
1 1/2 inches
Universal Steps for an AED:
1. Power on the AED 2. Attach the pads 3. Analyze and Shock 4. Resume CPR
Universal Steps for an AED
1. Power on the AED 2. Attach the pads 3. Analyze and shock 4. Resume CPR
Chain of Survival for Children and Infants
1. Prevention 2. Early CPR 3. EMS 4. Rapid PALS (Pediatric Advanced Life Support) 5. Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
Out-of-Hospital chain of survival
1. Recognition of activation of the emergency response system 2. Immediate high-quality CPR 3. Rapid defibrillation (AED) 4. Basic and advanced emergency medical services (EMS) 5. Advanced life support and post-arrest care (hospital personnel)
In-Hospital chain of survival
1. Surveillance & prevention 2. Recognition and activation of the emergency response system (Code Blue) 3. Immediate high-quality CPR 4. Rapid defibrillation (AED) 5. Advanced life support and post-arrest care (Cath Lab/ICU)
You should minimize interruptions in chest compressions to less than _______________.
10 seconds
You should minimize interruptions in chest compressions to less than ________________________
10 seconds
Rate of compressions:
100-120
2 Rescuer compression-to-ventilation ratio for children and infants
15:2
Depth of Compressions for Adults & Children
2 inches
During 2-Rescuer infant CPR, the Rescuer doing compressions should use the _______________
2 thumb-encircling hands technique
What age is considered an infant for BLS purposes?
2 years old
