HSC 528 - Final Exam Study Set
One of the concerns that surrounded the use of Agent Orange was that it:
A) Contained very small amounts of dioxin B) Was not effective because it evaporated rapidly C) Was a major cause of night blindness D) Was transported home of the clothing of military personnel E) All of these are correct Answer: A) Contained very small amounts of dioxin
Pesticides are:
A) Always highly toxic to humans B) All synthetic chemicals C) Always the best weapon against insect pests D) All of these are correct E) None of these are correct Answer: E) Nne of these are correct
What percentage of the total municipal solid waste stream is contributed by paper?
A) Approximately 10% B) Approximately 25% C) Approximately 50% D) Approximately 75% E) Approximately 3% Answer: B) Approximately 25%
When used as a food additive, nitrates and nitrites:
A) Are a significant cause of carboxyhemoglobin B) May react with other substances to form carcinogens C) Have been demonstrated to have carcinogenic properties by themselves D) All of these are correct E) None of these is correct Answer: B) May react with other substances to form carcinogens
Which of the following metals is NOT classified as a major toxic metal with multiple effects?
A) Arsenic B) Beryllium C) Chromium D) Mercury E) Silver Answer: E) Silver
Very small particles can be removed from drinking water by:
A) Boiling B) Sand filtering C) Use of activated charcoal D) All of these are correct E) Both and filtering and use of activated charcoal Answer: Both and filtering and use of activated charcoal
What form of carbamate is used mainly as a herbicide?
A) Carbaryl B) Metam sodium C) Thiocarbamate D) Dithiocarbamate E) None of these is correct Answer: D) Dithiocarbamate
What substance was spilled into the upper Sacramento River?
A) Carbaryl B) Metam sodium C) Thiocarbamates D) Dithiocarbamate E) None of these is correct Answer: C) Thiocarbamate
DDT has been found to:
A) Cause frequent cases of acute toxicity among exterminators B) Accumulate in the tissues of many animals C) Cause a significant number of accidental deaths D) Persist in the environment E) Both accumulate in the tissues of many animals and persist in the environment Answer: E) Both accumulate in the tissues of many animals and persist in the environment
The symptoms of long-term exposure to lower levels of toxic metals include which of the following?
A) Convulsions B) Vomiting and stomach pain C) Sudden onset of headaches D) Chronic illness effects E) All of these are correct Answer: D) Chronic illness effects
The purpose of metaphylaxis is to:
A) Cure disease among an entire population of animals B) Prevent disease among an entire population of animals C) Improve the nutritional value of meat, fish, and poultry D) All of these are correct E) Both cure and prevent disease among an entire population of animals Answer: E) Both cure and prevent disease among an entire population of animals
The advantages of genetically modified foods do not include:
A) Development of herbicide resistance B) Reduction in genetic diversity C) Increased nutritional value of foods D) Increased crop yields E) Increased resistances of food animals to disease Answer: B) Reduction in genetic diversity
According to a 2005 report from the Environmental Protection Agency, levels of what organochlorine pesticide are low or undetectable in the United States population, which reflects progress in the control of toxic chemicals?
A) Dieldrin B) Diazinon C) Benzene D) Acephate E) None of these is correct Answer: A) Dieldrin
The term recycling usually supplies to all the following, except:
A) Discarding materials in landfills B) Resale of unwanted items C) Reuse of items in their original form onsite D) Reuse of materials in a new form E) None of these is correct Answer: A) Discarding materials in landfills
Which of the following is inappropriate for composting?
A) Fats, oils, grease B) Fruit and vegetable scraps C) Yard clippings D) Coffee grounds E) Wool and cotton rags Answer: A) Fats, oils, grease
What does the abbreviation GRAS stand for?
A) Greatly Researched Additives that are Safe B) Generally Recognized As Safe chemical additives C) Grossly Reported As Sanitary D) Gently Resolved As Suitable chemical E) None of these is correct Answer: B) Generally Recognized As Safe chemical additives
A justification for the hazard analysis of critical control points is that:
A) Health hazards can be introduced at any point from harvest to consumption B) Chemical additives are the most dangerous food-associated health hazards present C) Food-associated illness is almost exclusively due to Salmonella D) Poor canning practices cause the greatest number of food-related intoxications E) None of these are correct Answer: A) health hazards can be introduced at any point from harvest to consumption
Which of the following statements about incineration is false?
A) High temperatures deactivate pathogens B) Air pollution can be reduced by the use of scrubbers C) Usually no attempt is made to sort the trash D) Combustion removes all carcinogens and heavy metals E) None of these is correct Answer: D) Combustion removes all carcinogens and heavy metals
For fetuses, infants, and children, the hazards of heavy metals include:
A) Impairment of physical and metal development B) Damage to internal organs C) Brain damage D) Some forms of cancer E) All of these are correct Answer: E) All of these are correct
The growing solid waste problem is characterized by which of the following?
A) Increasing amounts of municipal solid waste B) Increasing costs of tipping fees C) Filing up and closing landfills in some areas of the United States D) More garbage produced b developing countries E)All of these are correct Answer: E) All of these are correct
Possible methods for exposure to metals include which of the following?
A) Inhalation of dusts B) Inhalation of metal fumes C) Skin contact with dusts D) Ingestion E) All of these are correct Answer: E) All of these are correct
Agent Orange is an example of a(n):
A) Insecticide B) Fumigant C) Herbicide D) Fungicide E) None of these are correct Answer: C) Herbicide
Bioaccumulation (biomagnification) of heavy metals is a particular hazard associated with which of the following?
A) Iron B) Mercury C) Copper D) Manganese E) None of these is correct Answer: B) Mercury
Itai-itai disease was a form of poisoning associated with ingestion of which of the following?
A) Lead B) Cadmium C) Mercury D) Arsenic E) None of these are correct Answer: B) Cadmium
Minimata disease was associated with ingestion of seafoods tainted with of the following:
A) Lead B) Cadmium C) Mercury D) Arsenic E) None of these are correct Answer: C) Mercury
Diffuse and spotted melanosis are associated with ingestion of with of the following?
A) Lead B) Cadmium C) Mercury D) Arsenic E) None of these are correct Answer: D) Arsenic
Chemical hazards that may be present in food include:
A) Marine toxins B) Heavy metals C) Monosodium glutamate D) Mushroom toxins E) All of these are correct Answer: E) All of these are correct
Lindane, mirex, and DDT all belong to a group of pesticides called:
A) Organophosphate B) Chlorinated hydrocarbons C) Carbamates D) Naturally occurring substances E) None of these is correct Answer: B) Chlorinated hydrocarbons
As with nerve gases, which type of pesticides act on the nervous system of insects and higher organisms by disrupting then transmission of nerve impulses?
A) Organophosphates B) Carbamates C) Organochlorines D) Pyrethrins E) None of these is correct Answer: A) Organophosphates
Which of the following is the most frequently recycled material?
A) Paper B) Landscaping materials C) Beverage containers D) Used automobile batteries E) None of these is correct Answer: D) Used automobile batteries
In the United States, disinfection of drinking water with chlorine or other methods is done to remove:
A) Pathogenic microorganisms B) Particles suspended in water C) Sand and gravel D) Bad smells E) None of these is correct Answer: A) pathogenic microorganisms
Coagulation during water treatment is designed to remove:
A) Pathogenic microorganisms B) Particles suspended in water C) Sand and gravel D) Bad smells E) None of these is correct Answer: B) Particles suspended in water
What type of chemical hazard results from incomplete combustion of petroleum-based chemicals and other organic substances?
A) Polychlorinated biphenyls B) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons C) Volatile organic compounds D) Persistent organic pollutants E) None of these is correct Answer: B) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Source reduction involves the following activities?
A) Production of new bottles from used bottles B) Offsite composting C) Less wasteful package designs D) Reprocessing of aluminum E) All of these are correct Answer: C) Less wasteful package designs
Food additives are used to achieve all the following, except:
A) Provide effective protection from microbial growth in storage B) Make food more attractive C) Keep food free from rodent filth D) Protect the nutritional quality of foods E) Keep certain products such as table salt from caking Answer: C) Keep food free from rodent filth
The advantages of recycling includes:
A) Reducing greenhouse gets emissions B) Preventing water pollution C) Preserving raw materials D) Decreasing burden on landfills E) All of these are correct Answer: E) All of these are correct
Which of the following is not example of an incidental additive?
A) Residue from spraying crops B) Vitamins to improve nutrition C) Stored DDT in tissues of cattle D) Chemicals from food wrappers E) Insect parts Answer: B) Vitamins to improve nutrition
Which of the following is one of the agents responsible for many publicized outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness on cruise ships?
A) Salmonella B) Shigella C) Hepatitis A virus D) Norovirus E) None of these is correct Answer: D) Norovirus
In dry climates of western United States, the major of water is often for which of the following?
A) Showers B) Toilets C) Landscapes D) Baths E) Faucets Answer: C) Landscapes
Which of the following is the most favored method of waste management?
A) Source reduction B) Recyling C) Offsite composting D) Waste combustion E) Landfiling Answer: A) Source reduction
Hazards associated with sanitary landfill operations included:
A) Spreading of disease by scavenging animals B) Leaching of nutrients into adjacent waterways C) Air pollution D) Release of VOCs E) All of these are correct Answer: E) All of these correct
Finished water is defined as:
A) The natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies B) An annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person C) An annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person D) A layer or section of earth that contains freshwater E) The water that is delivered to the distribution Answer: D) A layer or section of earth that contains freshwater
The hydrological cycle is defined as:
A) The natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies B) An annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person C) An annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person D) A layer or section of earth that contains freshwater E) The water that is delivered to the distribution system after treatment Answer: A) The natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies
Water scarcity is defined as:
A) The natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies B) An annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person C) An annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person D) A layer or section of earth that contains freshwater E) The water that is delivered to the distribution system after treatment Answer: B) An annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person
Water stress is defined as:
A) The natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies B) An annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person C) An annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person D) A layer or section of earth that contains freshwater E) The water that is delivered to the distribution system after treatment Answer: C) An annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person
An aquifer is defined as:
A) The natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies B) An annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person C) An annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person D) A layer or section of earth that contains freshwater E) The water that is delivered to the distribution system after treatment Answer: D) A layer or section of earth that contains freshwater
Which of the following statements about heavy metal is true?
A) Their specific gravity exceeds that of water by five or more times B) None of them is necessary to sustain life C) All of them are toxic even trace levels D) All of these are correct E) None of these is correct Answer: A) Their specific gravity exceeds that of water by five or more times
Substances on the National Priorities List (United States) have which of the following characteristics?
A) They have known or suspected toxicity B) They have potential for human exposure C) They appear frequently in uncontrolled or abandoned waster sites D) They are scheduled for possible remediation under Superfund E) All of these are correct Answer: E) All of these are correct
Which of the following is an interpretation of the Delaney Clause?
A) Toxic chemicals are not permitted in food in any amounts B) Carcinogenic chemicals are not permitted in food in any amount C) The Food Additives Amendment allows low levels of substances that cause cancer in animals but not in humans beings D) The primary responsibility for the safety of food additives rests with the local boards of health E) None of these is correct Answer: B) Carcinogenic chemicals are not permitted in food in any amount
Which of the following groups are particularly at risk for waterborne pathogens?
A) Young children B) Elderly persons C) Patients who have HIV/AIDS D) Person taking steroids E) All of these are correct Answer: E) All of these are correct