HTL Chapter 4 quiz

Antonio has severe heartburn. To reduce his risk of having frequent heartburn and developing esophageal cancer, his physician recommended that he eat more meals that include foods made with tomato-based sauces. raise the foot of his bed by 3 inches, so his head is lower than his feet when he lies down. take a multivitamin/multimineral pill that supplies at least 300 mg vitamin C before meals. avoid overeating during meals.

avoid overeating during meals.

A primary function of the digestive system is the destruction of toxic metabolic by-products. production of red blood cells. transmission of nervous impulses. breakdown of food into nutrients.

breakdown of food into nutrients.

The ____ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism. atom cell organelle mitochondrion

cell

The stomach churns food, mixing it with gastric juice. absorbs most vitamins and minerals. secretes enzymes, including bile and various amylases. produces sulfuric acid, which helps digest starch.

churns food, mixing it with gastric juice.

Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Devon probably has gallstones. chronic constipation. diverticula in his colon. difficulty swallowing.

difficulty swallowing.

Chyme moves from the stomach into the jejunum. duodenum. colon. ileum.

duodenum.

Glands that secrete hormones are organs of the _____ system. nervous endocrine integumentary cardiovascular

endocrine

The primary function of the respiratory system is the destruction of toxic metabolic by-products. production of red blood cells. transmission of nervous impulses. exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing chronic constipation. gastroesophageal reflux disease. ulcerative colitis. irritable bowel syndrome.

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

The _____ is the third segment of the small intestine. duodenum jejunum colon ileum

ileum

Coretta has chronic heartburn. To reduce her risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), her physician recommended that she lose excess body fat. snack on peppermint candy in between meals. lie down after meals. eat dark chocolate for dessert.

lose excess body fat.

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and taking antidepressant medication. reducing physical activity. having the lower third of the colon removed. lying down after meals.

taking antidepressant medication.

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system that stores bile. gallbladder appendix liver jejunum

Gallbladder

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop chronic constipation. ulcerative colitis. irritable bowel syndrome. gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion? Gallbladder Liver Colon Pancreas

Pancreas

The bladder and kidneys are organs of the _____ system. endocrine cardiovascular integumentary urinary

urinary

Which of the following statements is true? Peptic ulcers usually form in the small and large intestines. People who are infected with H. pylori have a high risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Vomiting blood is a sign of irritable bowel syndrome. Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.

Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism? lose excess body fat. snack on peppermint candy in between meals. lie down after meals. eat dark chocolate for dessert.

Bone cells using protein, calcium, and phosphorus to repair a bone fracture

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach? Bile Chyme Lymphatic fluid Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system. jejunum colon epiglottis liver

Liver

The process of digesting food begins in the liver. mouth. colon. esophagus.

Mouth

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. lacteals neurons villi arteries

Villi

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has colitis. aneurysms. gallstones. constipation.

gallstones.

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas. Based on this information, she has difficulty digesting food. absorbs excessive amounts of vitamins. is taller than most children who are her age. is heavier than average for her height.

has difficulty digesting food.

Rose has a disease that weakened her esophagus. As a result of this condition, Rose probably must eat raw foods. has difficulty swallowing food. has difficulty eliminating feces during bowel movements. digests foods too quickly.

has difficulty swallowing food.

Four-year-old Eva was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of mucus-producing cells in her digestive tract. Based on this information, Eva probably has numerous ulcers in her digestive tract. has chronic joint pain. bruises easily. forms smaller than normal blood cells in her bones.

has numerous ulcers in her digestive tract.

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine. colon ileum duodenum jejunum

jejunum

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing some excess water and minerals from chyme. gastroesophageal sphincter pyloric valve large intestineCorrect lower stomach

large intestine

Marcus has an infection that interferes with the functioning of his villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness lose weight rapidly build muscle tissue more efficiently digest proteins more rapidly absorb vitamins efficiently

lose weight rapidly

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ____ system. endocrine integumentary cardiovascular nervous

nervous

A (An) _____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions. membranes organism organ cell

organ

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called umami. segmentation. peristalsis. reflux.

peristalsis

For the past few months, Jon hasn't been feeling well. His stomach hurts, he doesn't have any energy, and he often feels like he's going to vomit. He has no interest in eating, so he's lost several pounds. Yesterday, he went to the student health center, because he had bloody diarrhea. Based on this information, Jon should be tested for _____. gallstones gastroesophageal reflux diseaseIncorrect ulcerative colitisCorrect hemorrhoids

ulcerative colitis

ATP is a hormone that increases protein deposits in muscle tissue. an antioxidant that's used to preserve refined cereals. a digestive enzyme released by the pancreas. an energy-capturing molecule.

An energy-capturing molecule

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Gallbladder Pancreas Liver Colon

Colon

Salivary glands secrete an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth. protein alcohol starch water

Starch

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and learning ways to manage stress effectively. reducing physical activity. moving to a drier climate. having the lower third of the colon removed.

learning ways to manage stress effectively.

The accessory organ of the digestive system that produces bile is the jejunum. liver. epiglottis. colon.

liver.