HUEC 1110 EXAM 3 CHAPTER 8
DNA is synthesized in the nucleus of the cell. _____ folate must be present before the process can begin a. Activated b. Mineralized c. Chelated d. Acclerated
a
Folate deficiency symptoms are less of a problem recently because: a. grain products are now fortified with folate. b. green tea is more popular. c. more people are drinking low-fat milk. d. taking vitamin supplements is more common.
a
For which group is taking vitamin B12 supplements the LEAST beneficial? a. People eating diets high in animal products b. Older adults with significantly reduced stomach acid c. People who do not consume animal products d. Breast - fed infants whose mothers are vegan
a
How is vitamin B6 associated with heart disease? a. Vitamin B6 breaks down homocysteine. b. Vitamin B6 removes the LDL-cholesterol from the body. c. Vitamin B6 promotes the formation of HDL-cholesterol. d. Vitamin B6 reduces the blockages found in the blood vessels.
a
Pantothenic acid forms part of which molecule? a. Coenzyme A b. Flavinadenine dinucleotide c. Pyridoxal phosphate d. Adenosine triphosphate
a
The RDA for B6 in adults ____________ with aging. a. increases b. decreases c. stays the same d. increases for males but decreases for females
a
Vitamin C deficiency causes: a. bleeding gums. b. hemolysis. c. pernicious anemia. d. megaloblastic anemia.
a
What is a role of vitamin C in the body? a. Vitamin C helps to maintain body tissues. b. Vitamin C prevents the common cold. c. Vitamin C is required for energy metabolism. d. Vitamin C promotes iron excretion.
a
When more Vitamin C is needed, it must be replaced from ____. a. the diet b. all answer choices are correct c. the blood supply d. fluids
a
Which food is the best source of folate? a. Lentils b. Chicken c. Cheese d. Brown rice
a
Which group is LEAST at risk for developing vitamin C deficiency? a. Adults who consume plenty of fruits and vegetables b. Infants fed cows' milk c. Alcoholics d. Elderly people consuming nutrient poor diets
a
Which is the best source of vitamin C? a. Strawberries b. Corn c. Milk d. Beef
a
Which of the following would be considered to be a risk of food fortification? a. Potential for nutrient toxicity b. Fortification of food products are standardized c. Increased cost of food production d. Change in taste and appearance of food products as a result of food fortification
a
Which statement is NOT true? a. Vitamins provide energy. b. Deficiency of a fat-soluble vitamin is less likely than of a typical water-soluble vitamin. c. Vitamins are necessary in many biochemical reactions in the body. d. Vitamin deficiencies are rare in the United States.
a
Coenzymes function in the body based on their: a. protein structure to facilitate chemical reactions. b. large non-organic molecular structure. c. ability to combine with enzymes. d. lipo-protein structure.
c
Elevated homocysteine is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In clinical studies, which vitamins have been shown to decrease homocysteine levels in the blood? a. Vitamins A, C & E b. Riboflavin, A & folate c. B6, folate & B12 d. Pantothenic acid, riboflavin & biotin
c
High folate intake may: a. increase the incidence of colon cancer. b. cause other vitamin deficiencies because folate competes for absorption sites. c. mask a vitamin B12 deficiency, giving rise to permanent nerve damage. d. cause acne.
c
Many B vitamins function as ______, which bind to enzymes to promote their activity. a. provitamins b. transport proteins c. coenzymes d. hormones
c
Meeting vitamin B12 needs from the diet is especially difficult for: a. athletes undergoing rigorous training. b. infants. c. vegans. d. pregnant women.
c
Vitamin B12 and folate participate in the: a. conversion of tryptophan to niacin. b. inhibition of coenzyme conversion in DNA synthesis. c. synthesis of methionine from homocysteine. d. prevention of pernicious anemia.
c
Vitamin B12 deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor results in: a. beriberi. b. scurvy. c. pernicious anemia. d. pellagra.
c
Vitamins may be lost when food is processed. When these vitamins are added back to the processed food at the same or higher level, the food is said to be: a. enhanced. b. fortified. c. enriched. d. supplemented.
c
What is true about the bioavailability of vitamins? a. About 95% of the vitamins in food are absorbed in the stomach. b. All vitamins must be bound to blood proteins for transport. c. Dietary composition may influence how much of a vitamin is available. d. All vitamins require fat in the diet for absorption.
c
What is true about vitamin B6? a. Vitamin B6 is found in only in animal food sources. b. Vitamin B6 is stable during cooking. c. Vitamin B6 is important for protein metabolism. d. Vitamin B6 is absent from both fortified grains and breakfast cereals.
c
Absorption of vitamin B12 is dependent upon all of the following EXCEPT: a. adequate stomach acid. b. pepsin. c. intrinsic factor. d. amylase.
d
Another name for vitamin B6 is: a. pantothenic acid. b. biotin. c. pyruvate. d. pyridoxine.
d
Vitamin E donates an electron to Vitamin C true or false
False
Antioxidants stabilize free radicals by donating____. This neutralizes the free radical and prevents it from stealing _____ a. electrons b. prions c. protons d. oxygen
a
Which statement regarding fortification of foods in the U.S. is NOT true? a. Fortification is always regulated by the FDA. b. Fortification can be an arbitrary act of the food manufacturer. c. Fortification can lead to nutrient imbalances and toxicities. d. Fortification of juice can help individuals meet their daily calcium requirement.
a
Beriberi is a disease caused by lack of ________ in the diet. a. riboflavin b. thiamin c. vitamin C d. niacin
b
Consumption of orange juice enhances the absorption of which nutrient? a. Glucose b. Iron c. Zinc d. Fluoride
b
Folate deficiency may cause all the following EXCEPT: a. development of cancer. b. microcytic anemia. c. poor growth. d. inflammation of the tongue.
b
Folic acid supplements are most frequently recommended for a. post-menopausal women. b. women who may become pregnant. c. toddlers. d. the elderly.
b
Red blood cells, nerve cells and lung cell membranes are particularly vulnerable to free radical damage because of the high_____ content a. fluid b. oxygen c. all answer choices are correct d. hydrogen
b
The role of folate in DNA synthesis makes it particularly important in: a. lipid synthesis. b. rapidly dividing cells. c. nerve cells. d. old age.
b
Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, ____, pantothenic acid and Vitamin ___ are needed to produce energy from protein a. Vitamin B12 and B6 b. Biotin and B6 c. Choline and biotin d. All answer choices are correct
b
What is a function of vitamin B12? a. Vitamin B12 promotes the absorption of tryptophan. b. Vitamin B12 is required for nerve transmission. c. Vitamin B12 is essential for fat metabolism. d. Vitamin B12 is necessary for muscle formation.
b
Which of the following is NOT recognized as a major function of vitamin C in the body? a. Formation of collagen b. Facilitating release of energy from glucose c. Protection against damage from free radicals d. Enhancing iron absorption
b
Which statement concerning vitamins is INCORRECT? a. Vitamins are organic compounds. b. If a vitamin is not provided by the diet, the body will synthesize it. c. The vitamin content of a food may be affected by cooking and processing. d. Vitamins are essential for growth, reproduction and health.
b
Which is the FALSE statement regarding vitamin C? a. tamin C may decrease the duration of the common cold. b. People prone to developing certain types of kidney stones should avoid vitamin C supplementation. c. Vitamin C is efficiently stored in the liver, so deficiency symptoms take weeks or months to develop. d. Vitamin C supplements are unlikely to cause toxicity.
c
Which lifestyle factor increases the requirement for vitamin C? a. Drinking alcohol b. Exercising frequently and intensely c. Smoking cigarettes d. Eating a diet high in fiber
c
Which term describes how well a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body? a. Adsorption b. Assimilation c. Bioavailability d. Functionality
c
_______is the molecule responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Vitamin B6 is necessary for synthesis of this molecule a. None of these are correct b. Iron c. Hemoglobin d. Ferritin
c
Pregnant women are advised to start taking folic acid supplementation prior to becoming pregnant because: a. it will prevent the development of anemia associated with pregnancy. b. it allows for adequate development of fetal blood cells. c. it helps to prevent the occurrence of nausea during pregnancy. d. it is critical to allow for neural tube closure.
d
What risk might be associated with the overconsumption of fortified foods? a. Fortified foods lose nutrients more easily during cooking. b. Adding nutrients to foods may help reduce deficiency diseases. c. Fortifying food leads to fewer food choices to obtain nutrients. d. Additional nutrient intake may increase the likelihood of toxicity.
d
Which B vitamin decreases the risk of neural tube defects in developing babies? a. Riboflavin b. Biotin c. B12 d. Folic acid
d
Which physiologic process requires vitamin B12? a. Division of red blood cells b. Synthesis of proteins c. Activation of niacin d. Maintenance of myelin and normal nerve transmission
d
Why is folic acid supplementation recommended for women of child bearing age? a. Since folic acid is poorly absorbed, additional intake is recommended. b. Folic acid deficiency results from insufficient milk intake. c. All women of child bearing age experience folic acid deficiency. d. Folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects.
d
The process of bioavailability related to vitamin requirements is affected by: a. solubility. b. transport systems. c. precursors. d. carrier proteins. e. all of these.
e