hum-10 Chapter 1

What is the function of religion according to Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud?

1. "opium of the people" 2.universal obsessional neurosis"

✖In 2009, the percentage of senior pastors in Protestant Christian churches who are women was

10 percent.

Polytheism

Belief in many gods

Among many examples of a place of special significance established by a hierophany is

Buddhism's Bodh Gaya, site of Gautama's foundational experience of Enlightenment. Christianity's Church of the Nativity. Islam's sacred city of Mecca.

The world religion that most emphasize doctrines is

Christianity.

.What is the special relationship between the European enlightenment of the 18th century religion?

Devotional reading often condenses various messages from scriptures into one overall theme, teaching, or moral for devotees to reflect upon.

Bruce Lincoln's definition of religion emphasizes four "domains"

Discourse, practice, community, and institution

According to a May 2015 Pew Forum study, 8.2 percent of people in the United States identify as atheist, agnostic, or "nothing in particular."

FALSE

Karl Marx was a thoroughgoing idealist who insisted that religious ideas can cause great changes in the economy.

FALSE

The academic study of religion has been an important field of study in universities for several centuries.

FALSE

Which of the following is not typical of religious revelation?

It is brought about through prayer on the part of a congregation of worshippers.

Religion functions in an unhealthy manner as an opiate that deters the suffering individual from attending to the true cause of affliction, according to

Karl Marx

What are the seven dimensions of religionaccording to Ninian Smart?

Ritual.Narrative.Experiential.Institutional .Ethical.Doctrinal .Material

numinous experience

Rudolf Otto's term for describing an encounter with "the Holy"; it is characterized by the two powerful and contending forces, mysterium tremendum and fascinans.

"World Religions" has been a prominent course of study in American colleges and universities for nearly a century.

TRUE

Experiencing transcendence does not depend upon believing in God or gods.

TRUE

One effect of feminist theory has been to reveal contributions of women through the ages that hitherto have been largely ignored

TRUE

Quasi-divine figures, such as angels and demons, though difficult to categorize, are important elements of religion nonetheless

TRUE

Religious cosmologies typically describe both the origin and the status of the universe.

TRUE

Some religions, Christianity among them, teach that both revealed ethics and individual conscience work together as means of distinguishing right from wrong.

TRUE

The attempt to define religion is a relatively recent phenomenon, beginning for the most part with the European Enlightenment of the eighteenth century.

TRUE

Transtheistic

Term denoting a theological perspective that acknowledges the existence of gods while denying that the gods are vital with regard to the most crucial religious issues, such as the quest for salvation.

mysterium tremendum and fascinans

The contrasting feelings of awe-inspiring mystery and of overwhelming attraction that are said by Rudolf Otto to characterize the numinous experience.

A statement that is foundational to the field of religious studies is:

To know one just one religion is to know none.

Which of the following is not among the prominent questions addressed by religions?

What is the correct definition of religion"?

Certain basic and extremely significant scientific questions remain unanswered; for example,

What is the ground of consciousness?

mythical experience

a general category of religious experience characterized in various ways, for example, as the uniting with the divine through inward contemplation or as the dissolution of the sense of individual self hood

Henotheism acknowledges

a plurality of gods but elevates one of them to special status.

myth

a story or narrative, originally conveyed orally, that sets forth basic truths of a religious tradition; myths often involve events of primordial time that describes the origin of things

Underlying Durkheim's definition is a theory that reduces religion to being

an effect of societal forces.

Monotheism

belief in only one god

Rudolf Otto's The Idea of the Holy

describes the encounter with "the Holy" as "numinous."

What are the four domains of religion according to Bruce Lincoln?

discourse, set of practices , community ,institution

Religious scholar Ninian Smart's "dimensional" scheme divides the various aspects of religious traditions into seven dimensions, which include

doctrinal and ritual.

The capacity for seeing things from another's perspective is

empathy

What is Émile Durkheim's definition of religion?

emphasis on the communal-social nature of religion. Beliefs and practices culminating in a moral community

How does the Protestant theologian, Paul Tillich define religion?

emphasis on the existential-philosophical nature of religion.Religiosity is driven by the "ultimate concerns" of the human condition: "Who (if any) is my maker? What must I do? How shall I live and by what standard? Is there a purpose or meaning to life?"

Bruce Lincoln's definition of religion could not leave room for an atheistic tradition.

false

In monotheistic religions, the world is normally depicted as a kind of illusion, somehow not altogether real or permanently abiding.

false

Monotheism is the belief in one god who is more powerful than the rest.

false

Rudolf Otto gives preference to the mystical experience, a category that includes such phenomena as Buddhist nirvana.

false

ritual

formal worship practice

According to William James, religion is "the feelings, acts and experiences of individual men __________."

in their solitude

The so-called Golden Rule set forth in the Christian New Testament

is pronounced in similar forms in the scriptures of virtually all of the world's major traditions

atheism

perspective that denies the existence of God or gods

What did Rudolf Otto emphasize about religion in his work, The Idea of the Holy?

religion is sui generis(self-generated), which means we cannot explain the experience in non-spiritual, non-religious terms; religion is an experience of being "grasped" by the unseen reality

For the academic study of religion, as opposed to doing religion or being religious,

supernatural beings and events normally are held to be beyond its reach.

A primary concern regarding a sound academic approach to the study of world religions involves the fact that it arose within an intellectual culture that

tended to take for granted that Christianity was a model of what religion ought to be.

Nontheistic

term denoting a religion that does not maintain belief in God or gods

Theistic

term denoting a religion that maintains belief in God or gods

Henotheism

the belief that acknowledges a plurality of gods but elevates one of them to special status

Monism

the belief that all reality is ultimately one

What is monism?

the belief that all reality is ultimately one

Pantheism

the belief that the divine reality is identical to nature or the material world

empathy

the capacity for seeing things from another's perspective, and an important methodological approach for studying religions.

Multiculturalism

the coexistence of different peoples and their cultural ways in one time and place

Revelation

the expression of the divine will, commonly recorded in sacred texts

Modernization

the general process by which societies transform economically, socially, and culturally to become more industrial, urban, and secular; any transformation of societies and cultures that leads to the abandonment of traditional religious values

Secularization

the general turning away from traditional religious authority and institutions; any tendency in modern society that devalues religious worldviews or seeks to substitute scientific theories for religious beliefs

Globalization is

the linking and intermixing of cultures.

Globalization

the linking and intermixing of cultures; any process that moves a society toward an internationalization of religious discourse.

Urbanization

the shift of population centers from rural, agricultural settings to cities

French sociologist Emile Durkheim insists in his definition of religion on

the unification brought about by "beliefs and practices," culminating in a "moral community called a Church."

Neither Freud nor Marx ever tried actually to define religion; rather, they tried to explain it away.

true

The traditional Catholic doctrine of purgatory anticipates an intermediary destiny somewhere between the perfect bliss of heaven and the horrible agony of hell.

true

revealed ethics

truth regarding right behavior believed to be divinely established and intentionally made known to human beings

cosmology

understanding of the nature of the world that typically explains its origin and how it is ordered