Human A & P Lecture Midterm
channels in gap junctions that provide a means of ion exchange between cells
Connexons are
skeletal muscle cells only
Cylindrical muscle cells that contain multiple nuclei would be
calcaneus
Sam has a bad problem of standing on his heels. What bone is he transferring all his weight to?
lesser trochanter
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
long bone
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
lunate
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
mandibular fossa
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
mandibular notch
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
medial cuneiform
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
middle phalanx
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
occipital bone
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
palatine bone
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
parietal bone
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
proximal phalanx
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
pubis
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
ramus
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
scapula
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
squamous suture
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
stratum corneum
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
stratum granulosum
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
stratum lucidum
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
stratum spinosum
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
sutural bone
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
temporal bone
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
trabeculae
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
xiphoid bone
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
hair root
What anatomical structure is the bracket?
subcutaneous layer
What anatomical structure is the bracket?
canaliculi
What are the arrows pointing at?
fibrous joints
What are these joints classified as?
maxillae
What bone does not articulate with the temporal bone?
fibula
What bone forms the lateral aspect of the ankle?
distal
What directional term are the arrows?
inferior
What directional term is the arrow?
lateral
What directional term is the arrow?
medial
What directional term is the arrow?
superior
What directional term is the arrow?
posterior
What directional term is the circle?
medial
What directional terms are the arrows?
they are all fibrous joints
What do sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses have in common?
synovial fluid
What does the synovial membrane secrete?
osteocyte
What does this picture represent?
sebaceous glands
What feature of the skin is involved in acne?
ligament
Where in the human body is this tissue found (Dense Regular Connective Tissue)?
spinal cord
Where in the human body will this tissue be found (Nervous Tissue)?
osteocytes, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts
Which of the following cells can be found in bone tissue?
providing support for most muscles
Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?
hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue
Which of the following is not a step in endochondral bone formation?
symphysis
Which of the following is not a synovial joint?
hypodermis
Which of the following is not part of the skin?
diaphysis
The shaft of a long bone is the
the action of arrector pili muscles as they raise hairs to an upright position
"Goosebumps" occur due to
adipose
A connective tissue that prevents heat loss through the skin by acting as an insulator is
displacement of a bone from a joint
A dislocation is
negative
A drop in body temperature triggers an internal reaction that ultimately leads to an increase in body temperature. This is called a __________ feedback loop
anterior and posterior regions
A frontal plane divides the body into
true
A hinge joint is uniaxial
between the skull bones
A joint that is classified as a suture is found
knee
A meniscus could be found in which joint?
false
A meniscus is a type of bursa seen in the space between the femur and tibia
the heart
A mutation occurs that prevents the formation of intercalated disks. Which of the following muscular structures will be directly affected?
false
A parathyroid gland that is overresponsive to blood calcium levels will produce abnormally high amounts of calcitonin and cause bones to rapidly gain calcium
the acetabulum is formed from three bones that join together to make the hip bone; the acetabulum and the head femur form the hip joint; an abnormality in the hip joint may prevent the baby from crawling or walking normally; the baby's hip joint hasn't formed properly
A pediatrician examining a six week old baby girl diagnoses the child with congenital (developmental) hip dysplasia on her left side. When the parents ask the doctor to explain the diagnosis, she says that the baby's acetabulum hasn't formed properly. The parents still do not understand what is wrong with their baby. Which of the following statements would best help the parents?
palms against the lateral sides of the thigh
A person in an anatomical position will ALL of the following EXCEPT:
transverse plane
A plane that produces a cross section view of an organ or structure would be a(n)
hypogastric
A radiography technician needs to x-ray a growth on the urinary bladder. To accomplish this, the camera must be positioned on the ___________ region
fibrous
A suture is an example of a __________ joint
false
A synarthrosis is the most moveable type of joint
hyperextension of the leg at the knee joint
A women's college basketball star suffered a severe knee injury during the NCAA championship game. The athletic trainer performed a series of tests back in the locker room and noted that there was far too much forward movement when he tugged anteriorly on the tibia. What sort of injury would produce this result?
true
A young woman is in a car accident. When she regains consciousness, she notices a sharp pain in her left arm. Looking down, she sees a bone sticking out. This is a compound fracture
tissue
A(n) __________ is a group of similar cells and their intercellular materials in a discrete region of an organ performing a specific function
false
Adipose connective tissue is a type of dense connective tissue
true
An articulation can be found where two bones meet
simple columnar epithelium
An epithelium with a single layer of tall cells would be classified as which type of epithelium?
both cyanotic means that the skin and mucous membranes have an abnormal bluish tint and cyanotic skin reflects a lack of adequate oxygen circulation
An obstetrician has just delivered a baby boy and is concerned because he is cyanotic. Which of the following statements is true and explains why the doctor is concerned?
true
As you are cooking, you accidentally touch the burner of the stove. You pull your hand away by contracting muscles in your arm to pull your forearm toward the arm. This movement is flexion of the forearm
false
As you climb a tree, you put your thigh out to the side to rest your foot on a nearby branch. This thigh movement is adduction
comminuted
Billy Bob got into a tractor wreck because he drank too much root beer while driving his John Deer down the road. He hit a barbed wire fence. His arm was broken into 7-8 small pieces. Which type of fracture does Billy Bob have?
parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity
Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates __________ secretion, which leads to __________
negative feedback
Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates the pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells from the bloodstream, thus reducing blood glucose concentration. This is an example of _________
false
Blood isn't classified as a connective tissue because it circulates around the body and is never in a fixed location
resorption; osteoclasts
Bone remodeling is an ongoing process in which old bone tissue is replaced by new bone tissue. The step in which minerals and collagen fibers are removed is called bone ___________ and is performed by ______________
false
Bone remodeling occurs as osteoblasts resorb bone tissue and osteoclasts replace the bone
false
Bones in the human body are nonliving
false
Bones produce lipids and store them in the bone marrow
osteoclasts and phagocytes
Cells that remove excess bone tissue after fracture repair are
hemidesmosomes
Each of the following cell junctions link adjacent cells to each other EXCEPT:
true
Epitheleal tissues do not have blood vessels
arrangement of cells in layers and shape of cells
Epithelial tissues are classified based on
skin cancer
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing __________
prophylaxis
Getting a vaccine is best associated with
true
Homeostasis implies a condition in which the individual is in a healthy state
a relatively stable internal environment within limits
Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains
one side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent
In a greenstick fracture commonly seen in children
chemical
In order to discuss the details of the metabolism of a cell, which level of structural organization would it be most helpful to understand?
epidermis
In the genetic disease called ichthyosis, the skin is rough, brown, and scaly because the uppermost layer cannot peel off as easily as it should. What layer of the skin is affected in this disorder?
false
Intramembranous ossification is common in children, whereas endochondral ossification is typical in young adults
false
Inversion of the sole turns the foot outward at the ankle joint
his thumb
Jack injures himself playing hockey. The physician who examines him informs him that he has dislocated his pollex. What part of Jack's body did he injure?
papillary region of the dermis
Just beneath the stratum basale of the epidermis is the
apocrine
Looking at a slide of axillary skin under the microscope, you notice the presence of __________ glands that are absent on slides of the scalp
true
Melanin production is greater in the skin of people who spend most of their time outdoors than in people who do not
malignant melanoma
Melissa noticed a mole that has evolved. She has a section of her skin cut down to the muscle and is put on chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Which of the following types of skin cancer does she have?
the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring within an organism
Metabolism is defined as:
extension
Movement of the forearm when reaching to accept money in the palm of the hand
circumduction
Movement of the shoulder when winding up to pitch a ball
skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons
Muscles are connected to bones by
osteoblasts
New bone is deposited by cells known as
false
Osteoclasts are formed from osteogenic cells
2, 1, 4, 3, 5
Place the following in the order they would be severed by a knife during surgery: 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum corneum 3. stratus basale 4. stratum granulosum 5. dermis
parietal pleura and visceral pleura
Pneumothorax (collapsed lung) is a condition when an air-filled space forms between the lung and the wall of the pleural cavity. This space would be between the _______?
false
Researchers bred a generation of rats that were sterile. When investigating the cause for this change, they noticed that the tissue lining the uterine tubes were missing their cilia which would function to guide the egg into the uterus. The abnormal tissue was simple squamous epithelium
false
Ribs 8-10 are termed false ribs because they lack costal cartilages and, therefore, "float" without attachments to any other anterior structures
D
Rickets is a homeostatic imbalance in children resulting in poorly mineralized bones which tend to bend. This disorder is caused by a deficiency in what vitamin?
pott's
Roderick is a basketball star. He has made all state both his freshman and sophomore years. In the last seconds of the state championship, he dunked the ball into the next for the win. Unfortunately he didn't stick his landing and everyone heard his fibula snap. What type of fracture does Roderick have?
hyperextension of the wrist
Showing your palm to someone who is in front of you, as if to tell them "Stop," requires __________
stomach
Smooth muscle is found in the wall of the __________
false
Smooth muscle is voluntarily controlled
organ
Smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, and connective tissue are all working together to form a(n) ___________
both sudoriferous and eccrine sweat glands
Sweat is produced by
synovial membranes
Synovial fluid is produced by
dermis; epidermis
The __________ is typically thicker than the __________
dorsal and cranial cavities
The brain is contained within the
articular cartilage
The degenerative joint disease osteoarthritis may develop as a result of damage to the __________
true
The dermis consists of two regions, the papillary and reticular regions
lining of the medullary cavity
The endosteum is the
acetabulum
The epiphysis of the femur articulates with the pelvis at the
temporal bone
The external auditory meatus is located in the
stratum basale
The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the __________
protect the skin and make it waterproof
The function of keratinocytes is to
adipose tissue
The hypodermis is characterized by an abundance of which tissue?
true
The hypodermis is not part of the skin
sesamoid bones
The kneecaps are examples of
fibula
The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?
stratum basale
The layer of the epidermis that contains stem cells undergoing mitosis is the
false
The left lung and the right lung are ipsilateral
lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
The ligament that attaches the lateral femoral epicondyle to the fibula is called the __________
providing strong attachment between structures like muscle and bones
The main function of dense regular connective tissue is
condylar process
The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone articulates with what part of the mandible?
false
The medical imaging technique that is a form of radiography using multiple angles is an MRI
tight junction
The membranes of the blood-brain barrier need to be fused, preventing any substances from entering and/or escaping between cells. The type of intercellular junction best suited for this need is a(n) __________
false
The outermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum basale and the innermost layer is the stratum corneum
epiphysis
The proximal and distal ends of the bone are the
fibrosis
The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called _________
medullary cavity
The space within the shaft of the bone that contains yellow bone marrow is the
squamous
The superficial layer of epidermal cells are __________
microvilli
The surface area for diffusion across the apical surface of a cell, such as in the small intestine, is increased by the presence of
mandible; temporal
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an articulation formed between the __________ and the _______ bone of the skull
synovial
The temporomandibular joint is a(n) __________ joint
superior
The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity
dense elastic tissue
The tissue found in the lungs that is strong and can recoil back to its original shape after being stretched
muscular
The tissue immediately responsible for body movement
nervous tissue
The tissue that enables us to be aware of the external environment and to react to it
false
The tough waterproof layer that makes up the outermost part of the epidermis is the stratum lucidum
maxillae
This facial bone articualtes with teeth
epiphyseal plate
This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length
CT scan
This medical imagining test uses radiology at multiple angles
muscle
Tissue that is specialized for contraction
inversion; eversion
To tip the soles of the feet medially, so they face each other, requires __________. Tipping them out laterally so they face away from each other is __________
cardiac muscle tissue
Used together, the terms striated and involuntary describe
pronation
What action #3 to #4?
extension
What action is #1?
body
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
capitate
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
coracoid process
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
coronoid process
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
epiphysis
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
false rib
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
flat bone
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
frontal bone
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
glenoid fossa
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
greater tubercle
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
hair shaft
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
head of the rib
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
ischial tuberosity
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
lacunae
What anatomical structure is the arrow pointing at?
patella
What is a sesamoid bone that articulates with both the femur and tibia?
foramen
What is an opening for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments?
sudoriferous
What is the arrow pointing at?
hematoma
What is the blood clot at A?
low oxygen blood levels
What is the cause of cyanosis?
conduct nerve impulses
What is the function of the cell in D (Nervous Tissue)?
they are phagocytic and help in triggering an immune response to any invading microbes
What is the function of the dendritic cells of the epidermis?
cervical
What is the highlighted area?
digits of foot
What is the highlighted area?
digits of hand
What is the highlighted area?
epidermis
What is the highlighted area?
femoral/thigh region
What is the highlighted area?
left upper quadrant
What is the highlighted area?
osteons
What is the highlighted area?
reticular layer of dermis
What is the highlighted area?
right lower quadrant
What is the highlighted area?
sacral
What is the highlighted area?
stratum basale
What is the highlighted area?
subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer
What is the highlighted area?
cuboidal
What is the shape of the cell pointed by the arrow?
squamous
What is the shape of the cell pointed by the arrow?
suture
What is the structure at A?
fibrous membrane of the joint capsule
What is the structure at C?
D
What letter is pointing to caudal?
O
What letter is pointing to the antecubital region?
C
What letter is pointing to the compact bone?
D
What letter is pointing to the dense bone?
K
What letter is pointing to the patellar?
B
What letter is pointing to the spongy bone?
E
What letter is pointing to the subcutaneous layer?
C
What letter is pointing to the zygomatic bone?
A
What letter is the acromial region?
A
What letter is the arrector pili?
C
What letter is the cross-section?
A
What letter is the dermal papillae?
B
What letter is the epidermis?
C
What letter is the hypogastric region?
D
What letter is the irregular bone?
A
What letter is the stratum corneum?
areolar
What tissue is being shown?
blood
What tissue is being shown?
bone
What tissue is being shown?
cardiac muscle
What tissue is being shown?
holocrine gland
What tissue is being shown?
nervous tissue
What tissue is being shown?
skeletal muscle
What tissue is being shown?
symphysis that is amphiarthrotic
What type of joint is between adjacent vertebral bodies?
osteocyte
When an osteoblast becomes "stranded" in a lacuna and matures, it is transformed into a(n)
the palms are facing backwards
When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?
occipital
Which bone allows the spinal cord to pass?
attach a muscle to a bone
Which function is NOT performed by this tissue (Loose Connective Tissue)
D
Which image uses high-frequency sound waves?
labrum
Which is not a part of all synovial joints?
E
Which letter is a simple squamous epithelium?
B
Which letter is the mid-sagittal plane?
A
Which letter prevents the passage of fluids across cell membranes?
secretion, absorption, and protection
Which of the following are functions of epithelial tissue?
Abduction—lifting the arm out to the side of the body so that it is parallel to the ground
Which of the following correctly pairs a term with its definition?
removal of the thyroid gland
Which of the following does not put women at risk for hypocalcemia (low blood calcium)?
simple squamous
Which of the following epithelia most easily permits diffusion?
a petit, chain-smoking, sedentary 70 year old woman of Asian American heritage
Which of the following individuals is most likely to have osteoporosis?
meissner corpuscles
Which of the following is NOT considered an accessory structure of the skin?
plasma, interstitial fluid, found between the cells, and intercellular fluid
Which of the following is a characteristic of extracellular fluid?
broad, flat skull bones
Which of the following is(are) an example of an intramembranous bone?
organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle
Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest?
inferior nasal conchae: part of the ethmoid bone sacrum: supports lower back
Which of the following pairs are mismatched? Click all that apply. mandible: only movable bone in the skull hyoid: bone that does not articulate with any other bone inferior nasal conchae: part of the ethmoid bone sacrum: supports lower back thoracic vertebra: articulate with thoracic ribs
PTH
Which of the following raises blood calcium levels by increasing bone resorption?
stratified squamous epithelium tissue
Which of the following tissues is avascular?
osteoclasts
Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?
cervical
Which section is the arrow pointing at?
ball and socket
Which type of joint is formed between the humerus and scapula?
hyperextension
While Abbie is texting, she is sitting in a slouched position and looking down at her phone. When she becomes uncomfortable, she looks up at the ceiling to stretch her neck in the opposite direction. Which of the following actions is she performing when she stretches her neck?
Cartilage is avascular, so materials needed for repair must diffuse from surrounding tissue
Why does damaged cartilage heal slowly?
circumduction
With the elbow and wrist extended, painting a circle on a canvas requires __________ of the shoulder
false
You drop your cell phone. You lean forward to pick it up. This movement is extension of the back
simple squamous epithelium; stratified squamous epithelium
__________ is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________ is associated with resistance to abrasion