Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab Exam 4: Axial Skeleton

sacral hiatus

:the opening into the vertebral canal in the midline of the dorsal surface of the sacrum between the laminae of the fifth sacral vertebra.

parietal bone

A bone forming the central side and upper back part of each side of the skull

squamous suture

Form boundaries between temporal bones and parietal bones

dens

The most distinctive characteristic of this bone is the strong odontoid process known as the dens which rises perpendicularly from the upper surface of the body.

optic canals

The optic foramen is the opening to the optic canal.

mental protuberance

The symphysis of the external surface of the mandible divides below and encloses a triangular eminence

temporal bone

Two bones are on each side of the head that forms the lower side of the head

spinous process

a bony projection off the posterior (back) of each vertebra

lambdoidal suture

a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone. It is continuous with the occipitomastoid suture.

sella turicia

a depression in the sphenoid bone, containing the pituitary gland.

what is fossa

a depression or hollow

what are sutures

a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an organism, with or without significant overlap of the elements.

coronoid process

a flattened triangular projection above the angle of the jaw where the temporalis muscle is attached.

manubrium

a handle-shaped projection or part, in particular. the broad upper part of the sternum of mammals, with which the clavicles and first ribs articulate

hyoid bone

a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage

incisive fossa

a slight depression on the anterior surface of the maxilla above the incisor teeth

incus

a small anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear, transmitting vibrations between the malleus and stapes.

malleus

a small bone in the middle ear that transmits vibrations of the eardrum to the incus.

coccyx

a small, triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and some apes, formed of fused vestigial vertebrae.

sacrum

a triangular bone in the lower back formed from fused vertebrae and situated between the two hipbones of the pelvis.

occipital condyle

ach of two rounded knobs on the occipital bone that form a joint with the first cervical vertebra.

jugular foramen

allows blood to flow to brain

what are formina

an opening, hole, or passage, especially in a bone

costal cartilage

bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax.

ethmoid

bone that forms the back of the nose and encloses numerous air cells

sternum

breastbone is a long flat bone shaped like a necktie located in the center of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage

zygomatic arch

cheek bone

thoracic vertebrae

compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae

saggital sutures

dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull.

mandibular fossa

depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.

infraorbital canal

divides Maxillary sinus into medial and lateral parts

vertebrocostal ribs

false ribs 8-12

carotid canals

for internal carotid artery

floating ribs

free 11-12

what are processes

is a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body

foramen ovale

is one of the larger of the several holes that transmit nerves through the skull.

crista galli/ cocks comb

median ridge of bone that projects from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.

lacrimal bone

most thin and fragile bone in the face Several bony landmarks of the lacrimal bone function in the process of lacrimation or crying. Specifically, the lacrimal bone helps form the nasolacrimal canal necessary for tear translocation.

jugular notch

notch on the upper surface of the manubrium of the anterior superior chest between the two clavicular notches.

Transverse Foramen

opening in the cervical transverse that houses the vertebral artery

mental foramina

openings in chin for nerves and blood vessels

styloid process

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

mandibular condyle

process on the human mandible and some other species' mandibles that ends in a condyle

superior articular facet

projections of the vertebra that serve the purpose of fitting with an adjacent vertebra.

pterion

region where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid join together. It is located on the side of the skull, just behind the temple

what are auditory ossicles

region where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid join together. It is located on the side of the skull, just behind the temple

mastoid process

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

inferior orbital fissure

seperates the later wall and the floor of the orbit

nasal conchae

several thin, scroll-shaped bony elements forming the upper chambers of the nasal cavities

what is the calvaria

skullcap

stapes

stirrup is a bone in the middle ear of humans and other mammals which is involved in the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear

xiphoid process

sword-shaped lower tip of the sternum

frontal bone

the bone that forms the front part of the skull and the upper part of the eye sockets.

lumbar vertebrae

the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.

Foraman Magnum

the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

mandible

the jaw or a jawbone, especially the lower jawbone in mammals and fishes

maxillae

the jaw or jawbone, specifically the upper jaw in most vertebrates. In humans it also forms part of the nose and eye socket.

atlas C-1

the most superior (first) cervical vertebra of the spine.

axis C-2

the second cervical vertebra

vomer

the small thin bone separating the left and right nasal cavities in humans and most other vertebrates.

coronal sutures

the transverse suture in the skull separating the frontal bone from the parietal bones.

occipital bone

the trapezoidal-shaped bone found at the lower-back area of the cranium

cervical vertebrae

the vertebrae of the neck, immediately below the skull.

cribiform plate

thin, medial portion of the ethmoid bone of the skull

vertebral foraman

through which the spinal cord passes

vertebrosternal ribs

true ribs 1-7

palatine bone

two irregular bones of the facial skeleton in many animal species. Together with the maxillae they comprise the hard palate

nasal bone

two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, "the bridge" of the nose.

sphenoid bone

unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the temporal bone and the basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended.