Human Anatomy Chapter 9

What motion is movement towards the midline of the body in the frontal (coronal) plane?

Adduction

Describe the major trade off involved in joint structure and function.

As mobility increases, stability decreases.

What type of synovial joint consists of a round head that rests in a cup-shaped depression, allowing rotation and extensive angular movement? Give an example.

Ball and Socket Ex. Coxal (hip), glenohumeral (shoulder)

What do we call the small, fluid-filled pockets that form where tendons or ligaments rub against other tissues, reducing that friction and acting as shock absorbers?

Bursae

What are the names of the joints between carpals/tarsals and the metacarpals/metatarsals? What type of joints are they (in general)?

Carpometacarpal joints and Tarsometatarsal joints; Gliding

What type of motion is a sequence of movements where the proximal end of an appendage remains relatively stationary as the distal end makes a circular motion (the limb makes a cone)?

Circumduction

What motion is movement away from the midline of the body in the coronal plane?

Abduction

What type of synovial joint consists of an oval articular facet in a depression on the opposing bone allowing angular motion in two planes? Give an example.

Condylar Joint Ex. Metacarpophalangeal , Radiocarpal, Atlanto-occipital

What is the name of the joint between the femur and the os coxae? What type of joint is it?

Coxal joint; Ball and socket

What motion occurs when a structure moves in an inferior direction?

Depression

What motion is the elevation of the distal portion of the foot and the toes?

Dorsiflexion

What motion occurs when a structure moves in a superior direction?

Elevation

What motion is a twisting of the foot that positions the sole laterally?

Eversion

What motion is movement in the anterior/posterior (sagittal) plane that increases the angle between articulating elements?

Extension

List and briefly describe the three (4) types of joints based on joint structure.

Fibrous joints- joing by DRCT Cartilaginous joints- joined by cartilage Synovial joints- capsule and space between bone

What motion is movement in the anterior/posterior (sagittal) plane that reduces the angle between articulating elements?

Flexion

What is the name of the joint between the humerus and the scapula? What type of joint is it?

Glenohumeral joint; Ball and socket

What motion consists of two opposing surfaces sliding past one another, generally with only slight movement allowed?

Gliding

What type of synovial joint permits angular movement in a single plane like the opening and closing of a door? Give an example

Hinge Joint. Ex. Humeroulnar, interphalangeal, tibiofemoral

What 3 joints form the elbow?

Humeroulnar Humeroradial Proximal radioulnar

What motion is movement in the anterior/posterior (sagittal) plane that increases the angle between articulating elements by beyond its normal limits?

Hyperextension

What are the names of the joints between adjacent carpals/ tarsals (related but separate names)? What type of joints are they?

Intercarpal joints and Intertarsal joints Gliding

What is the name of the joint between adjacent phalanges?

Interphalangeal joints

What structures join adjacent vertebral bodies? What are the two layers of these structures and what are they composed of?

Intervertebral discs; Annulus fibrosus -fibrocartilage Nucleus pulposus- gelatinous core

What motion is a twisting of the foot that positions the sole medially?

Inversion

What type of synovial joint has flattened (or slightly curved) faces that slide across each other producing little movement? Give an example.

Plane joint. Ex. Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, carpometacarpal

What motion is the elevation of the heel (as in standing on your toes)?

Plantar flexion

What type of motion twists the hand, wrist, and antebrachium such that the palm moves from an anteriorly facing position (anatomical position) to face posteriorly?

Pronation

What motion is the moving of a body part anteriorly in the horizontal/transverse plane?

Protraction

What joint produces the majority of the movement at our wrist? What type of joint is it?

Radiocarpal -scaphoid and lunate; Condyloid

What motion is the moving of a body part posteriorly in the horizontal/transverse plane?

Retraction

What type of synovial joint permits only rotation? Give an example.

Pivot joint. Ex. Atlantoaxial, Radioulnar

What are the 3 functions of synovial fluid?

-Lubrication -Nourishment -Shock absorption

What are the names of the joints between the metacarpals/metatarsals and the proximal phalanges? What type of joints are they?

-Metacarpophalangeal joints -Metatarsophalangeal joints Condyloid

List two general causes of TMJ syndrome.

-psycological tension -malocclusion

What major feature separates synovial joints from fibrous and cartilaginous joints?

Joint cavity

What type of motion is a pivoting movement in which the bone turns on its own long axis such that the anterior portion of the limb rotates outward, away from the body?

Lateral Rotation

What motion occurs when the vertebral column bends to the side?

Lateral flexion

What type of motion is a pivoting movement in which the bone turns on its own long axis such that the anterior portion of the limb rotates inward, towards the body?

Medial Rotation

What ligament of the knee is commonly injured as a result of hyperextension?

Medial collateral ligament

What two features of the knee are most commonly injured?

Meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

What motion produces pad to pad contact between the thumb and the palm or another digit?

Opposition

What is the name of the joint between adjacent phalanges? Digits other than digit number one have two of these, what are they called?

PIP- proximal interphalangeal joints

What type of motion is a pivoting movement in which the bone turns on its own long axis?

Rotation

What type of joint exists between the first metacarpal and the trapezium?

Saddle

What type of synovial joint has complex faces, with a concave and convex surface on each articular surface, allowing extensive angular movement without rotation? Give an example.

Saddle Joint Ex. 1st carpometacarpal, Incudomalleolar

What is the name of the joint between the clavicle and the manubrium? What type of joint is it (there is disagreement)?

Sternoclavicular joint; saddle or gliding

What type of motion twists the hand, wrist, and antebrachium such that the palm moves from a posteriorly facing position to face anteriorly (anatomical position)?

Supination

List and briefly describe the three types of fibrous joint.

Suture- between skull bones Gomphoses- between teeth and jaw Syndesmoses- interosseous membrane Radius/ulna and tibia/fibula

List and briefly describe the two types of cartilaginous joint. Give examples of each.

Symphyses - fibrocartilage; ex. Pubic symphysis and Intervertebral discs Sychondroses- Hyaline cartilage; ex. epiphyseal plates, costochondral joints, 1st strenocostal joint

List and briefly describe the three classifications of joints based on degree of movement.

Synarthroses- immovable Amphiarthroses- Slight movement Diarthroses- Freely movable

What fills the cavity in synovial joints?

Synovial fluid

What is the name of the joint between the mandibular condyle and the mandibular fossa? What type of joint is it?

Temporomandibular joint; Hinge and gliding

What do we call tubular forms of these sacs that surround tendons where they pass across bony surfaces (such as in our carpal tunnel)?

Tendon sheaths

What are the names of the 2 joints of the knee? What type of joints are they?

Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral -Hinge