Human Anatomy Martini-CH 1
What four elements make up 99% of the body?
Hydrogen (62%), Oxygen (26%) Carbon (10%) Nitrogen (1.5%)
What are the 3 types of scopes?
Light microscope (1000x - 2000x) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) 3D images Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Which property of living organism is responsible for all chemical reactions in the body?
Metabolism. It consists of anabolism (synthesis of complex molecules) and catabolism (breakdown of complex molecules)
What is composed of a combination of tissues?
Organ
What is a combination of various that make up a specific system?
Organ system
How many elements in the body?
Over a dozen
Which property of living organism is for production of new generations of the same organism?
Reproduction
Which property of living organism is the absorption, transport and use of oxygen by cells?
Respiration
Which property of living organism changes in activity based on stimulus?
Responsiveness
The basic functions performed by all living organisms includes?
Responsiveness Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism; Anabolism, Catabolism Absorption Respiration Digestion Excretion
Physiology
Study of function and mechanisms
Anatomy
Study of structure. Derived from Greek to mean cut up or cut open. Examines relationship among body parts
The integumentary system is _______________ to the muscular system?
Superficial
Dorsal
The back (posterior)
Posterior
The back;behind
Ventral
The belly side (anterior)
Anterior
The front; before
What is composed of many cells and some surrounding material?
Tissue
Proximal
Toward an attached base (thigh is proximal to the foot)
Cranial
Toward the head
T or F You can have many sagittal sections but only 1 midsagittal section.
True
What is the molecular composition of the body?
Water (66%) Proteins (20%) Lipids (10%) Carbohydrates (3%) Nucleic Acids
Homeostasis
maintaining a stable internal environment suitable for survival
Sagittal plane
separates right and left portions
Transverse plane
separates superior and inferior portions of the body
What is Anatomy?
the study of external and internal structures and the physical relationships between them
Medial
toward the midline (the longitudinal axis of the body)
Caudal
toward the tail ( hips are caudal to the waist)
What are the levels of organization from least to most complex?
1. Chemical/Molecular 2. Organelles 3. Cellular 4. Tissue 5. Organ 6. Organ System 7. Organism Level
What are the 11 organ systems?
1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular 7. Lympohoid 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive 10. Urinary 11. Reproduction
How many organ systems are humans composed of?
11
Superior
Above; at higher level, toward the head
Which property of living organism is the process of bringing chemicals into the body?
Absorption
What are the smallest units of matter?
Atoms
Inferior
Below; at lower level, toward the feet
What is the smallest living unit in the body?
Cell
What are the three major anatomical planes?
Coronal Transverse Sagittal
Which property of living organism becomes specialized to perform a specific function?
Differentiation
Which property of living organism is the process of catabolism that makes nutrients small enough to be absorbed?
Digestion
Which property of living organism is for the removal of waste?
Excretion
Which property of living organism is for growth in size of organism?
Growth
In anatomical position, a person stands with the legs together and the feet flat on the floor. Additionally, the hands are:
at the sides, and palms face anteriorly
Distal
away from attached base (fingers are distal to the wrist)
Lateral
away from the midline (the longitudinal axis of the body)
The process of cellular specialization to perform certain functions is called?
differentiation
Coronal/Frontal plane
extends from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior sections