Human Bio final 4

peristaltic contractions

"Gurgling of the stomach" is due to

true

"MyPlate" provides a personalized approach to assist an individual in developing a successful nutrition and exercise plan.

because thyroxine cannot be made, which results in high levels of TSH

A goiter results from low dietary iodine levels

They are peptide hormones that activate target cells through the cyclic AMP second messenger mechanism

All of following statements are TRUE regarding estrogen and progesterone, EXCEPT which one?

Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one?

secretin

As chyme leaves the stomach, the acidic nature of the partially digested food stimulates the duodenum to release the hormone

emulsifying large fat droplets into tiny ones, providing more surface area for enzymes

Bile assists in the chemical digestion of triglycerides by

false

Bile is an important enzyme that digests lipids.

liver, gall bladder

Bile is produced by the ________ and stored in the ________.

promoting fat utilization

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that helps maintain blood glucose levels during fasting by

true

Disorders associated with the endocrine system can be caused by problems with hormone production or lack of receptors for the hormones on the target cells.

the epiglottis bends to close the trachea

During swallowing,

false

Erythropoietin, a hormone secreted by the liver, stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.

false

Gingivitis occurs when tooth decay causes inflammation of the enamel and pulp of the tooth.

diabetes insipidus

Hyposecretion of ADH results in

active transport

In the small intestine, amino acids and monosaccharaides are moved into the mucosal cells by the process of

dwarfism

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in

the hepatic portal system

Nutrient-rich blood moves from the small intestine to the liver via

Production of natural cortisol may decrease

Prednisone is a glucocorticoid hormone that is sometimes prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and severe allergic reactions. If prednisone were taken for several weeks, which one of the following might occur?

false

Secretin is released by the liver to stimulate the pancreas to release bicarbonate into the small intestine

true

Steroid hormones typically move across the cell and nuclear membranes to bind to receptors in the nucleus.

root, periodontal membrane, E

The ________ is the region of a tooth that lies below the gum line, and the entire tooth sits in a socket in the jawbone, lined with ________, indicated by label ________.

to initiate a cascade of enzyme activations

The action of nonsteroid hormones often results in conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which then functions

false

The alpha, beta, and delta cells located in the islets of Langerhans of the thyroid produce three different hormones that are important in the regulation of sodium and potassium levels of the blood.

ADH

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one?

false

The appendix is considered one of the lesser accessory organs of the digestive tract

small intestine

The digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates is completed in the

muscularis

The layer of the gastrointestinal tract wall that is responsible for motility is the

duodenum

The region of the small intestine with the lowest pH is the ________.

false

The responsiveness of cells to calcitonin increases as an individual ages; maximum responsiveness occurs in elderly individuals as a mechanism to improve the stability and strength of bones.

false

The secretion of oxytocin during childbirth stimulates ADH release by the anterior pituitary gland.

aid in the maturation of T lymphocytes

The thymus produces two peptides that function to

insulin

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by

absorption

Which major digestive process involves nutrient molecules passing across the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph?

salivary gland

Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system?

glucagon, insulin

Which one of the following hormone pairs is antagonistic, in that they have opposing effects?

iodine

Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced?

A

Which one of the following labeled parts of the tooth is made up of a nonliving compound of phosphate and calcium?

prostaglandins

Which one of the following nonhormonal chemical messengers is important in local control of blood flow and blood clotting?

stress

Which one of the following results in a higher basal metabolic rate?

malabsorption

Which one of the following would likely develop in a person with celiac disease who continues to consume gluten?

thyroid and parathyroid

Which two endocrine glands exert the most control over blood calcium levels?

mucosa

all nutrients must cross this layer

serosa

attaches organs to the body wall; this thin layer of connective tissue is located on the surface of the organs

submucosa

food molecules that are absorbed by mucosa enter the blood vessels of this tissue layer

muscularis

responsible for motility in the gastrointestinal tract