human bio final exam 6
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that helps maintain blood glucose levels during fasting by promoting fat utilization. stimulating the synthesis of fatty acids. promoting the conversion of amino acids into proteins in muscle tissues. inhibiting glucose utilization in muscle cells. increasing the glucose-dependent inflammatory response.
a
Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in dwarfism. a drop in blood glucose levels. acromegaly. gigantism. diabetes insipidus.
a
Nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that they are water insoluble. bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane. cause a change to occur in the target cell. bind to an intracellular receptor. cannot be stored.
b
FSH is a hormone important to the proper functioning of the ovaries and testes. This hormone will not be released from the anterior pituitary until ________ is released from the hypothalamus. LH PRL GnRH TSH ACTH
c
Hyposecretion of ADH results in overstimulation of cell division. reduced uptake of blood glucose. diabetes insipidus. an increase in the mass and length of bones. stimulation of protein synthesis.
c
Which one of the following hormone pairs is antagonistic, in that they have opposing effects? oxytocin, prolactin estrogen, progesterone glucagon, insulin thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) epinephrine, norepinephrine
c
The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one? PRL TSH LH ADH ACTH
d
The pituitary gland is often called the "master of the endocrine system" because all blood vessels must pass through the pituitary so hormones can be regulated. all other hormones must be activated by enzymes released by the pituitary gland. it contains neuroendocrine cells that activate many of the other endocrine glands. it secretes eight different hormones that in turn regulate many of the other endocrine glands. releasing and inhibiting factors for most other endocrine glands are released by the pituitary.
d
Which one of the following hormones stimulates the production of testosterone in males? growth hormone aldosterone FSH LH prolactin
d
Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons? It stimulates the growth but not the development of gonads in males. It stimulates the growth and development of gonads, but only in females. It functions to complement the activity of TSH. It triggers the production of gonadotropin hormones. It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females.
e
The following is a list of events involved in the activation of a cell by a steroid hormone. Which one of the following answers best represents the order in which the steps occur?1. cellular response to the hormone2. activation of a gene3. formation of a hormone-receptor complex4. diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane5. production of a protein 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 2, 5, 4, 3, 1 2, 5, 1, 3, 4 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 4, 3, 2, 5, 1
e
When oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the kidneys. hypothalamus. breasts. breasts and uterus. uterus.
e
The thymus produces two peptides that function to aid in the maturation of T lymphocytes. regulate iodine levels in the thyroid. promote the breakdown of bone. regulate thyroxine release. increase blood calcium levels.
a
Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced? iodine phosphorus calcium zinc iron
a
Which one of the following nonhormonal chemical messengers is important in local control of blood flow and blood clotting? epidermal growth factor histamine nerve growth factor prostaglandins tumor angiogenesis growth factor
d
An individual, driving through his neighborhood, suddenly jams on his car brakes to avoid hitting a child who runs into the road after a ball. A few seconds later, the driver finds that he is shaking and his heart is pounding. This is primarily due to the secretion of which one of the following? thyroxine from the thyroid cortisol from the adrenal cortex insulin from the pancreas norepinephrine from the adrenal cortex epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
e
Insulin helps regulate blood sugar at homeostatic levels by stimulating alpha cells of the pancreas to produce more hormones. promoting the breakdown of fat. stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose. activating hormone production in the posterior pituitary gland. promoting the entry of glucose into cells.
e
Which one of the following is caused by the secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone by the heart? increased production of fats and proteins increase of blood sugar level decrease in kidney function decrease in blood calcium level decrease in blood pressure
e
