Human Biology___McGraw Hill___SmartBook 12

A human normally has how many vertebrae?

33

In order to provide more strength and resilience, the human vertebral column normally has how many curvatures?

4

The human hand contains how many metacarpal bones?

5

Match each region of the human spine with the letter that identifies it.

A- Cervical B- Thoracic C- Lumbar D- Sacrum E- Coccyx

Match the letter of each labeled structure of the human vertebral column with the correct description

A- Spinous process of a vertebra B- Intervertebral foramina C- Transverse process of a vertebra D- Intervertebral discs

Match the letter of each labeled component of the human rib cage with its correct name

A- Thoracic vertebra B- Manubarium C- Body D- Xiphoid processes E- Costal cartilage

Match the structure of the vertebrae with the letter that identifies it

A- articular facet for a vertebra B- vertebral canal C- transverse process D- body of vertebra

Match the three long bone areas labeled A, B, and C with their correct names.

A- epiphysis B- metaphysis C- diaphysis

Match the letter of each labeled structure of a long bone with its correct name.

A- hyaline cartilage B- epiphyseal plate C- spongy bone D- compact bone E- medullary cavity F- endosteum G- periosteum

Match the letter of each set of human ribs with their correct name

A- true ribs B- false ribs C- floating ribs

On this inferior view of the skull, match each letter with the correct name of the structure it labels

A. maxilla B. palatine bone C. zygomatic bone D. vomer bone E. sphenoid bone F. temporal bone G. foramen magnum H. occipital bone

Match each letter with the name of the bone of the skull it labels.

A. parietal bone B. frontal bone C. sphenoid bone D. temporal bone E. zygomatic bone F. maxilla G. occipital bone

The skull, rib cage, hyoid bone, and vertebral column make up the part of the human skeleton called the ____________ skeleton.

Blank 1: axial

The second cervical vertebrae, that allows for rotational movement, is called the

Blank 1: axis or epistropheus

The types of connective tissue in the skeletal system are ____________, cartilage (in joints), and ligaments.

Blank 1: bone or bones

The type of connective tissue that is flexible, contains numerous collagen fibers, but contains no nerves or blood vessels is called

Blank 1: cartilage or cartilages

The cells located within the lacunae of cartilage are called

Blank 1: chondrocytes or chondrocyte

The skull consists of the _______________ and the facial bones.

Blank 1: cranium, cranial, braincase, or neurocranium

Another term for the central shaft or main portion of a long bone is the

Blank 1: diaphysis

The exterior portion of the ______________ are formed by cartilage and contain no bone. The ________________ is a mixture of bones, cartilages, and connective tissues.

Blank 1: ears or ear Blank 2: nose

Ligaments and tendons are constructed of _____________ connective tissue.

Blank 1: fibrous or dense

Because they don't attach to the sternum, the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs are called

Blank 1: floating, vertebral, or false

A membranous region located between certain cranial bones in the skull of a vertebrate fetus or infant is called a

Blank 1: fontanel or fontanels

Each spinal nerve passes through a hole or opening in the vertebral column called an intervertebral

Blank 1: foramen or foramina

The fibrocartilage pads that occur between adjacent vertebrae are called _________ discs

Blank 1: intervertebral

The tiny chambers in osteons that contain osteocytes are called

Blank 1: lacunae or lacuna

The only freely movable bone of the skull is the facial bone called the

Blank 1: mandible

The scapula and clavicle are the bones that make up the ________ girdle

Blank 1: pectoral, pectorals, or shoulder

The fibrous connective tissue layer covering the outside of a long bone is called the

Blank 1: periosteum

The spaces of spongy bone are often filled with _________ bone marrow, which produces blood cells.

Blank 1: red

The spaces in spongy bone are filled with __________ __________ marrow.

Blank 1: red Blank 2: bone

In the illustration of vertebrae, the letter E points out a ________ process, and the letter D points out the ________ of a vertebra.

Blank 1: spinous Blank 2: body

Human vertebrae have two types of projections for muscle attachment. The spinous processes extend dorsally, and the __________ process exrend laterally,

Blank 1: transverse

What structure(s) connect lacunae within the matrix of compact bone?

Canaliculi

Select the main types of connective tissues that make up the skeletal system.

Cartilage Ligaments Bone

Select all of the of the characteristics of chondrocytes.

Cartilage cells Located within lacunae

What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

Central shaft

Select the bones that make up each pectoral girdle.

Clavicle Scapula

Select all of the following that characterize the epiphysis of a long bone.

Coated with hyaline cartilage Contains spongy bone Site of blood cell production

Select all of the following statements that describe compact bone.

Contains canaliculi Made of tubular units

Select all of the following statements that describe spongy bone.

Designed for strength Contains trabeculae Unorganized appearance

Which form of cartilage contains mostly elastic fibers for increased flexibility?

Elastic cartilage

Select the three main types of cartilage.

Elastic cartilage Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage

Which locations in the human body contain hyaline cartilage?

Ends of long bones Ribs Nose

What is the epiphysis of a long bone?

Enlarged end of the bone

Which locations in the human body contain elastic cartilage?

Epiglottis Ears

Which part of the face contains cartilage but no bone?

External ears

The skull consist of what two categories of bone?

Facial bones Cranial bones

True or false: All the bones of an adult human contain red bone marrow and thus produce blood cells.

False

True or false: The medullary cavity is located in the epiphysis of a bone.

False

True or false: The sinuses in the cranial bones of the skull function to protect the brain and cranial nerves.

False

The bottom of which bone is removed during knee replacement surgery?

Femur

Which type of cartilage contains wide rows of collagen fibers?

Fibrocartilage

Which of the following contains rows of cells with collagen fibers arranged in bundles?

Fibrous connective tissue

What is the name of the large opening in the skull that allows the spinal cord to pass through?

Foramen magnum

Select all correct descriptions of cartilage.

Gel-like matrix Contains no nerves Contains no blood vessels

Which form of cartilage has a glassy appearance with uniform fibers and is somewhat flexible?

Hyaline cartilage

What bone serves to anchor the tongue and muscles used for swallowing?

Hyoid bone

Which locations in the human body contain fibrocartilage?

Knee Disks between the vertebrae

Which abnormal curvatures of the spine is characterized by a hunched over person?

Kyphosis

Match the name of each abnormal spinal curvature with the correct description

Kyphosis- Abnormal posterior curvature or "hunchback" Lordosis- Abnormal anterior curvature or "swayback" Scoliosis- Abnormal lateral curvature

The hyoid bone indirectly attaches to what two structures?

Larynx Temporal bone

Which of the following is a cord-like structure formed from fibrous connective tissue that connects bones together?

Ligament

Select all of the following that are parts of the sternum.

Manubrium Xiphoid process Body

Which facial bone forms the upper jaw and a portion of the hard palate and eye sockets?

Maxilla

What are lacunae?

Openings or chambers in compact bone

What are the cranial bones that form the top sides of the skull?

Parietal bones

Select all correct descriptions of the spinal nerves.

Pass through intervertebral foramina Branch from the spinal cord Control skeletal muscles

Identify all of the bones associated with knee replacement surgery.

Patella Tibia Femur

Select all components of the appendicular skeleton

Pectoral girdle Bones of the arms and legs Pelvic girdle

Select all of the functions of the intervertebral discs.

Provide for shock absorption during movement Prevent vertebrae from grinding Provide for movement

Select all of the axial skeleton components.

Rib cage Vertebral column Skull Hyoid bone

Select all of the following that are components of the thoracic (rib) cage

Ribs Sternum Thoracic vertebrae

The four small muscles that form the rotator cuff attach to which two bones?

Scapula Humerus

Where are trabeculae found?

Spongy bone

Which cranial bone contains an opening that leads to the middle ear?

Temporal

What are trabeculae?

Thin plates in spongy bone

Select all of the bones that form joints with the humerus.

Ulna Radius Scapula

The bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles and their attached limbs make up the part of the human skeleton called the ______ skeleton

appendicular

Another term for the first cervical vertebra is the

atlas

The spinous and transverse process of the vertebrae mainly serve as

attachment points for muscles

The periosteum of a long bone

completely covers the bone, except on the ends

Match each region of a long bone with the correct description

epiphysis- The expanded region at the end of the bone metaphysis- A small region that contains the epiphyseal plate diaphysis- The shaft or main portion of the bone

The membranous regions between the cranial bones of newborns are called

fontanels

The three types of cartilage are fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, and _________ cartilage

hyaline

The space inside the diaphysis of a bone is the ________ cavity.

medullary

Which bone contains the foramen magnum?

occipital

The tubular units that compose compact bone are called

osteons

Within a long bone, the region of cartilage within the metaphysis that allows for bone growth is called the epiphyseal

plate

The function of red bone marrow is to

produce blood cells

Match each bone with the organ(s) it protects.

rib cage- heart and lungs skull- brain vertebrae- spinal cord

Four small muscles that originate from the scapula and attach to the humerus form the ______ cuff

rotator

The bone of the pectoral girdle labeled B in the image is the

scapula

Mastoiditis is an inflammation of certain

sinuses

Another term for the human breastbone is the

sternum

The fibrous connective tissue structure that connects a muscle to a bone is a

tendon

The rib cage is also called the ________ cage

thoracic

What are the thin plates in spongy bone?

trabeculae

The 1st through 7th pairs of ribs, which attach directly to the sternum by way of costal cartilages, are called ________ ribs.

true

The humerus, radius, and ulna are the bones that make up the

upper limb