Human Genetics Ch 11
Mutation rates of human genes are expressed as the number of ____.
mutated alleles per gene in each generation
If a genetic disorder appears in a family with no prior history, and is fully expressed by everyone carrying that allele, it is most likely a(n) ____ trait.
autosomal dominant
Sense mutations produce ____.
elongated proteins
Genetic imprinting is caused by ____.
epigenetic changes to DNA
Several lines of research provide strong evidence that ____ to environmental signals influence behavior.
epigenetic responses
Halogen-containing organic compounds persist in the environment for approximately five years.
false
Nonsense mutations change termination codons into amino acid codons.
false
What is the largest single source of radiation exposure for the average person in the U.S.?
radon
Mutagenic chemicals that ____ and are incorporated into DNA or RNA during synthesis are called base analogs.
resemble nucleotides
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is a cell growth disorder that causes enlarged organs, high birth weight, and predisposition to cancer.
true
When the number of trinucleotide repeats in a gene is significantly above normal, it can produce a mutant phenotype.
true
PBDEs have not been linked directly to cancer in test animals.
true
New ____ mutations can often be detected by examining the inheritance of the trait in males.
x-linked
When ____ is incorporated into DNA or RNA during synthesis, it will create a(n) ____.
5-bromouracil; nucleotide substitution mutation
What occurs in a missense mutation?
A single amino acid is substituted for another in a protein.
Several genetic disorders, including Fanconi anemia and ataxia telangiectasia, are caused by mutations in ____.
DNA repair genes
PBDEs are ____.
banned in many European countries but permitted in most states in the United States
Mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that ____.
can be passed on to daughter cells
As radiation strikes molecules in cells, it creates ____.
charged atoms called ions
As DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand, it can ____.
detect an incorrect nucleotide
In sickle cell anemia, affected individuals carry ____.
the same nucleotide substitution