Human geo 142 exam 1

Diffusion

The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time

Contagious Diffusion

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

Stimulus Diffusion

The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

Functional Region

a cultural area that functions as a unit politically, socially, or economically. ex: city, independent state

Globalization of popular culture and impacts on other regions of the world

- United States sports (basketball, baseball )2015 NBA has 101 players from other countries - social media -The US plays an important role in shaping popular culture globally but at the same time culture in the US is also influenced by other countries - -Develops with industrialization & urbanization Mobil society Mass production of goods Weaker family structure High degree of individualism Shaped by mass media - contemporary, found in heterogeneous societies , spread by globalization -resistacne on popular culture

Geography of popular culture in the United States

-"Modern culture" often characterized as western culture Includes food, clothing, sports, music, dance, entertainment, recreation - contemporary, found in heterogeneous societies , spread by globalization -Develops with industrialization & urbanization -Mobil society -Mass production of goods -Weaker family structure -High degree of individualism -Shaped by mass media

impact of popular culture

-Change in women's roles in traditional societies -Is popular culture a threat of foreign imperialism -decline in folk and indigenous cultures -decline in languages

Geography as a discipline (history of the discipline, major subfields, themes in geography)

-Geography as a discipline is related to space and takes note of spatial characteristics and attributes -

barriers to popular culture and resistance

-Government censorship State-controlled television or newspaper (china, india, communist europe etc.) -Religious Taliban banning television in afghanistan -technological "Jihad vs Mcworld " (Benjamin Barber, political scientist)

❑ Geographic patterns of demography (birth rates, TFR, death rates, gender, age)

-Youth dependency Highest for stage 2 countries in demographic transition model -Elder dependency Highest for stage 5 countries in demographic transition model

Man-Land Tradition

-emphasis on the relationship between external conditions and human actions. human health and nature -overlaps with the area studies tradition

ways to categorizing culture

-folk / indigenous culture -popular culture

5 themes of human geography

1. Location 2. Human-Environment 3. Region 4. Place 5. Movement

Factors or reasons for migration, ways of classifying migration

1. forced migration -refugees 2. international migration internal migration great migration -the 20th century movement of 6 mil African Americans from south to north 3. stepwise migration- conducted in series in stages 4. return migration - the phenomenon of migrants returning to their place of origin after long-term residency elsewhere 5. seasonal migration usually associated with crop harvest 6. transnational migration- keep ties with homeland after migration

Demographic Transition Model (theory )

A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time. Stage 1 (preindustrial) : high birth and death rate Stage 2 (transitional) : death rate drops, birth rate still high = population explosion Stage 3 (transitional) : birth rate drops, low death rate= population growth slows down Stages 4 (industrialized) : low birth rate, low death rate= low population growth Stage 5 (post-industrial)

Examples of folk cultures in the United States (Amish, etc.)

Amish population in the U.S. over 250,00 Found in 28 states , rural farming settlements -No large folk regions still exist today in the us but smaller examples on a local level may still be found Material culture remains on the landscape as evidence of past folk cultures

formal region

An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics. ex: arabic- languages formal region can be drawn on a map of languages

popular culture

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

Folk Culture

Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups. Small homogeneous groups Strong family structure Largely self sufficient Lifestyle not dependant on modern tech Individualism and social class limited

Effects of globalization on culture (examples, impact on culture, etc.)

Develops with industrialization & urbanization Mobil society Mass production of goods Weaker family structure High degree of individualism Shaped by mass media

tertiary economic activity

Economic activity associated with the provision of services - such as transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs.

Malthus theory

Malthus theory is that the population will increase faster than the ability to produce food (natural control on population)

Differences between material and non-material culture

Material culture - objects or things a culture makes or uses Nonmaterial culture -beliefs ,values,traditions passed from generation to generation

Earth Science Tradition

Physical (natural) geography , earth, atmosphere , waters

Stage 5: Post Industrial

Population decline begins

TFR (total fertility rate)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

indigenous culture

a culture group that constitutes the original inhabitants of a territory, distinct from the dominant national culture, which is often derived from colonial occupation. oral cultures , natives people who distinguish themselves from modern state Tribal Unique languages, customs , foods , traditions Oral cultures Hunting, gathering

vernacular region

a culture region perceived to exist by its inhabitants, based in the collective spatial perception of the population at large, and bearing a generally accepted name or nickname. ex: "the valley" (valley girls in cali)

Neighborhood Affect

acceptance is most rapid around initial source

birth rates in china are

back up. two per family

Stage 3: Transitional

birth rate drops, low death rate= population growth slows down

types of rural settlement patterns

compact settlement - based on farming / highly productive semi compact -transitional phase in growth of compact dispersed - hills, grasslands . essential farmer lives on his own land

Subculture

distinct groups within a dominate culture

secondary economic activity

economic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products; the manufacturing sector

primary economic

extraction of raw materials. Farming, fishing, mining, lumbering, etc. limited technology

Characteristics of folk, indigenous, popular culture and similarities and differences between the three

folk- Term "folk" used with culture beginning in the 19th century as europe industrialized Folk cultures more persistent today in LDCs than MDCs no large folk regions still exist today in America indigenous -native culture , less populated area, areas like south asia, southeast asia, south america, central america, australia, North America popular culture- modern western culture

Population Pyramid

graphic that displays characteristics of a population by age and gender

Populations at risk

groups that experience prejudice, discrimination, and oppression from the dominant group

international migration trends

human migration across national boarders. push and pull factors. seasonal migration . highly migrated areas :Canada , us, Australia, Europe

culture

learned collective human behavior and traits

Birth Rates are the highest in regions that are

least developed (least industrialized). Highest death rate in sub-saharan africa (25+ per 1000)

stage 4 industrialized

low birth rate, low death rate= low population growth

Spatial Tradition

mapping, boundaries, spatial analysis, geo. info systems, & spatial patterns

an areas study tradition

nature of places and their unique characteristics and differences.

Examples of guest worker programs and illegal immigration in the U.S.

overseas contract workers

Stage 2: Transitional

population grows rapidly because birth rates are high and death rates drop because of improved food production and health

different types of economics

primary , secondary , tertiary, economic development

Examples of involuntary or forced migration

refugees. 2017 70 million refugees. 57% of Refugees come from syria, afghan, south sudan. slavery in 18 and 19th century (650,000 people )

4 traditions of human geography

spatial, an areas study, man-land, earth science

economic development

term used to describe differences in economies of countries

hierarchal diffusion

the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places

stage 1: preindustrial society

• Little population growth • High birth rate b/c people rarely use birth control • Want kids for labor and support • High death rate