Human Geography Chapter 2: Population

Southeast Asia

600 million mutherfuqkers. Made up mostly of Taiwan and Islands of Indonesia. Most live on Java. hard to unify country because of water barrier, mostly rural

Population Density types

Arithmetic Density, Physiological Density, Agricultural Density

Developed and developing Country's population rates

Developed country: Lower NIR's, CBR's, and TFR's Developing country: Lower CDR's

Epidemiological Transition

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Europe

Four dozen countries. Monaco is only 0.7 sq miles while Russia is the worlds largest country in land area (when its Asian part is included). 3/4 of inhabitants live in cities. Less than 10% are farmers.

Future population growth

NIR is forecast to be much slower in the 21st century than in 20th but world pop. will grow. From 2011-2050, pop. will go from 7 billion to 9.5 billion. Almost all future population growth will occur in developing countries. Future population depends on TFR.

East Asia

Nearly 1/4 of worlds population. Borders Pacific Ocean, includes Eastern China, Japan islands, Korean Peninsula, island of Taiwan. The People's Republic Of China is the world's most populous country and fourth largest land mass in world. Chinese population is clustered near Pacific Coast. *More than one half of the people live in rural areas where they work as farmers.* More than 3/4 of Japanese and Koreans are clustered in urban areas

South Asia

Nearly 1/4 of worlds population. Includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and island of Sri Lanka. Largest concentration of people in South Asia live along the 1,500 kilometer corridor from Pakistan through India and Bangladesh to the bay of Bengal. Population is also heavily concentrated near India's tow long coastlines- Arabian Sea to west and Bay of Bengal to East. Most people in South Asia are rural farmers

Physiological Density

Number of people supported by a unit of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. This reveals how great a population a piece of land can sustain and why certain populations cluster in certain areas. (EX: Egypt populations cluster around the Nile River)

India Population Policies

*1952- National Family Planning Program*: gov't established clinics and provided info about alt. methods of birth control. In *1972*, abortions were legalized and performed at 7 million a year. *Sterilization* in 1971: gov't established camps to perform surgical procedures in which people were made incapable of reproduction. *Education* has been emphasized in recent decades

Basics of Population Growth

*CBR* (crude birth rate), *CDR* (crude Death rate), *NIR* (Natural increase rate), *Doubling Time*

Demographic Transition, Stage 3

*Decreasing Growth*: Birth rates rapidly decline, death rates continue to decline, and natural increase rates begin to moderate. A country goes from stage 2 to 3 when CBR begin to drop sharply. The CDR continues to fall but a much slower rate than in stage 2. The population still grows but the NIR is much more modest in stage 3 countries. Countries enter stage 3 when people have few children, which is induced by a decline in mortality and economic changes.

Epidemi Transition, Stage 3

*Degenerative Diseases (moderately declining CDR)*: stage of degenerative and human-created diseases, characterized by a decrease in deaths from infectious disease and an increase in chronic disorders associated with aging. Main diseases are cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Epidemi Transition, Stage 4

*Delayed Degenerative Diseases (Low but Increasing CDR)*:

World's 4 population clusters

*East Asia*: holds 1/4 of world population and includes Eastern China, Japan, Korean peninsula, island of Taiwan. *South Asia*: holds 1/4 of world population and includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka *Europe*: holds 742.5 million people and includes 4 dozen countries ranging from 0.7 sq mile Monaco to Russia. 75% of Europe in Cities, *Southeast Asia*: Holds 600 million people and is made up mostly of islands.

Demographic Transition, Stage 2

*High Growth*: Rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates produce very high natural increase rates. Ex: Europe and North America entered stage 2 as a result of Industrial Revolution and its major improvements in manufacturing goods and delivering them to market. All the wealth made communities healthier places to live. Africa, Asia, and Latin America entered demographic transition in late-20th-century as a result of *Medical Revolution*

Demographic Transition, Stage 1

*Low Growth*: Very high birth and death rates produce virtually no long-term natural increase. Most of human history was spent in stage 1 but no country is today.

Demographic Transition, Stage 4

*Low Growth*: Very low birth and death rates produce virtually no long-term natural increase and possibly a decrease. A country reaches stage 4 when CBR declines to point where it equals CDR, thus NIR is zero. This is called *Zero Population Growth*.

Population Projections

*Malthusian Doomsday*: Population will grow exponentially while food supply grows linearly, thus world won't be able to sustain people. Wanted to lower pop. growth with "moral restraint" *Marxists*: Population growth becomes a problem when capitalistic economic pursuits grow and use up energy and resources and promote inequality. *Cornucopian*: Believe people don't need to worry about population growth because, as always, humans will innovate and adapt new technologies to avert food shortages or resource depletion.

China's population policies

*One child Policy*: 1980. a couple needs a permit to have a child. Couples receive financial subsidies, maternity leave, better housing, and more land if they have just one child. Men cannot marry till 22, women until 20. Overtime, strict laws were loosened although still enacted.

Epidemi Transition, Stage 1

*Pestilence and Famine (High CDR)*: infectious and parasitic diseases were principal causes of human deaths. Most violent example: The Black Plague.

Epidemi Transition, Stage 2

*Receding Pandemics (rapidly declining CDR)*: a pandemic is a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of pop. In stage 2, innovations may reduce spread of infectious diseases. Death rates don't decline immediately, especially not for the poor, but death rates do decline eventually.

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. This rate is used to attempt to predict future behaviors of individual women.

Doubling Time

The number of years it takes a population to double in size, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage by which a population grows in a year. *NIR* = *CBR%* - *CDR%*

Ecumene

The portion of the Earth that is occupied by permanent human settlement

Agricultural Density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. This helps account for economic differences. (ex: a more developed country will have a lower agricultural density)

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

The Demographic Transition

a process of change in a society's population from high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase and a higher total population.

Arithmetic Density

the total number of people divided by the total land area