Human Nutrition - Ch. 10 Quiz

How many organ systems are found in the human body? 12 11 9 10

11

Red blood cells are red because they each contain approximately _________ million hemoglobin proteins. 270 120 500 1,000

270

Folate Whole grains, enriched grains, orange juice, milk, peanuts, dried beans and seeds Milk, yogurt, fortified breakfast cereals, organ meats, mushrooms, eggs, clams, spinach Meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, fortified breakfast cereals, enriched grains, mushrooms, peanuts Green leafy vegetables, legumes, fortified breakfast cereals, orange juice, sunflower seeds, liver

Green leafy vegetables, legumes, fortified breakfast cereals, orange juice, sunflower seeds, liver

__________ is required for energy production and enzymatic synthesis of RNA and DNA. Therefore cells that are rapidly dividing are acutely sensitive to this deficiency. This nutrient is the number-one nutritional deficiency in the world. Iron Potassium Magnesium Calcium

Iron

___________________ is a required coenzyme for the synthesis of the amino acid methionine, and for making RNA and DNA. Therefore, rapidly dividing cells are most affected by this coenzyme deficiency. Folate Niacin Pyroxidine Biotin

Folate

All of the metabolic processes involved in molecule breakdown is known as __________________. This process begins when food enters the mouth, as the enzyme salivary amylase initiates the breakdown of carbohydrates. Catabolism Metabolism Anabolism

Catabolism

Blood is the conduit and blood vessels are the highway that support nutrient and molecule transport to all cells. Fat-soluble vitamins, triglycerides, cholesterol, and other lipids are packaged into _______________ that allow for transport in the watery milieu of blood. osmoproteins lipoproteins cholesterol hemoglobins

lipoproteins

pH Oxygen-carrying capacity Presence of infection Bleeding disorders, atherosclerosis risk Metabolic, kidney, respiratory abnormalities Liver, kidney, and Crohn's disease, dehydration

Metabolic, kidney, respiratory abnormalities

B2 (riboflavin) Whole grains, enriched grains, orange juice, milk, peanuts, dried beans and seeds Milk, yogurt, fortified breakfast cereals, organ meats, mushrooms, eggs, clams, spinach Meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, fortified breakfast cereals, enriched grains, mushrooms, peanuts Green leafy vegetables, legumes, fortified breakfast cereals, orange juice, sunflower seeds, liver

Milk, yogurt, fortified breakfast cereals, organ meats, mushrooms, eggs, clams, spinach

Magnesium ATP synthesis and utilization, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis Assists in energy production, DNA synthesis required for red blood cell function Making thyroid hormone, metabolism, growth and development Assists insulin in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism

ATP synthesis and utilization, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis

Iron ATP synthesis and utilization, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis Assists in energy production, DNA synthesis required for red blood cell function Making thyroid hormone, metabolism, growth and development Assists insulin in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism

Assists in energy production, DNA synthesis required for red blood cell function

Platelet count Oxygen-carrying capacity Presence of infection Bleeding disorders, atherosclerosis risk Metabolic, kidney, respiratory abnormalities Liver, kidney, and Crohn's disease, dehydration

Bleeding disorders, atherosclerosis risk

Red-blood-cell count Oxygen-carrying capacity Presence of infection Bleeding disorders, atherosclerosis risk Metabolic, kidney, respiratory abnormalities Liver, kidney, and Crohn's disease, dehydration

Oxygen-carrying capacity

Albumin Oxygen-carrying capacity Presence of infection Bleeding disorders, atherosclerosis risk Metabolic, kidney, respiratory abnormalities Liver, kidney, and Crohn's disease, dehydration

Liver, kidney, and Crohn's disease, dehydration

Which of the following are good sources of Chromium? Whole grains, liver, legumes, seeds, cocoa Nuts, vegetables, coffee and tea, cocoa Egg yolks, whole grains, meats, organ meats, mushrooms, nuts, broccoli Seafood, dairy products

Egg yolks, whole grains, meats, organ meats, mushrooms, nuts, broccoli

Vitamin K is not necessary for blood clotting. True False

False

Thiamine deficiency, also known as ________________, can cause symptoms of fatigue, confusion, movement impairment, pain in the lower extremities, swelling, and heart failure. hypocalcemia hypercalcemia hypokalemia beriberi

beriberi

Iron has several vital functions in the body. Primarily it is the oxygen carrier of the protein ___________________, which is found in red blood cells. hemoglobin plasma lysosome hydrolase

hemoglobin

White-blood-cell count Oxygen-carrying capacity Presence of infection Bleeding disorders, atherosclerosis risk Metabolic, kidney, respiratory abnormalities Liver, kidney, and Crohn's disease, dehydration

Presence of infection

Chromium ATP synthesis and utilization, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis Assists in energy production, DNA synthesis required for red blood cell function Making thyroid hormone, metabolism, growth and development Assists insulin in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism

Assists insulin in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism

B2 (riboflavin) Coenzyme: assists in glucose, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, electron carrier, other B vitamins are dependent on Coenzyme: assists in glucose, fat, and protein metabolism, electron carrier Coenzyme; fat and protein catabolism, folate function, red-blood-cell synthesis

Coenzyme: assists in glucose, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, electron carrier, other B vitamins are dependent on

B3 (niacin) Coenzyme: assists in glucose, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, electron carrier, other B vitamins are dependent on Coenzyme: assists in glucose, fat, and protein metabolism, electron carrier Coenzyme; fat and protein catabolism, folate function, red-blood-cell synthesis

Coenzyme: assists in glucose, fat, and protein metabolism, electron carrier

B12 (cobalamin) Coenzyme: assists in glucose, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, electron carrier, other B vitamins are dependent on Coenzyme: assists in glucose, fat, and protein metabolism, electron carrier Coenzyme; fat and protein catabolism, folate function, red-blood-cell synthesis

Coenzyme; fat and protein catabolism, folate function, red-blood-cell synthesis

With regards to the breakdown of the food we eat, there are 3 main steps: Stage 1. Stage 2. Stage 3. Which of the following represents the step in which all of the energy is made from the food we consume? Citric Acid Cycle (or Kreb cycle) Glucolysis for glucose, β-oxidation for fatty acids, or amino-acid anabolism Electron Transport Chain and ATP synthesis Glycolysis for glucose, β-oxidation for fatty acids, or amino-acid catabolism

Electron Transport Chain and ATP synthesis

Iodine ATP synthesis and utilization, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis Assists in energy production, DNA synthesis required for red blood cell function Making thyroid hormone, metabolism, growth and development Assists insulin in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism

Making thyroid hormone, metabolism, growth and development

B3 (niacin) Whole grains, enriched grains, orange juice, milk, peanuts, dried beans and seeds Milk, yogurt, fortified breakfast cereals, organ meats, mushrooms, eggs, clams, spinach Meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, fortified breakfast cereals, enriched grains, mushrooms, peanuts Green leafy vegetables, legumes, fortified breakfast cereals, orange juice, sunflower seeds, liver

Meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, fortified breakfast cereals, enriched grains, mushrooms, peanuts

____________________is the coenzyme involved in nitrogen transfer between amino acids and therefore plays a role in amino-acid synthesis and catabolism. Niacin Pyroxidine Pantothenic Acid Biotin

Pyroxidine

Which of the following is an inhibitor of iron absorption for poultry? Calcium Tea Colas Phosphate

Tea

B1 (thiamine) Whole grains, enriched grains, orange juice, milk, peanuts, dried beans and seeds Milk, yogurt, fortified breakfast cereals, organ meats, mushrooms, eggs, clams, spinach Meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, fortified breakfast cereals, enriched grains, mushrooms, peanuts Green leafy vegetables, legumes, fortified breakfast cereals, orange juice, sunflower seeds, liver

Whole grains, enriched grains, orange juice, milk, peanuts, dried beans and seeds

Glucose can be stored only in muscle and liver tissues. In these tissues it is stored as glycogen, a highly branched macromolecule consisting of thousands of glucose monomers held together by chemical bonds. Glycogen levels do not take long to reach their physiological limit and when this happens excess glucose will be converted to __________. carbohydrates protein sucrose fat

fat

As blood travels through smaller and smaller vessels the rate of blood flow ____________, allowing for efficient exchange of nutrients and oxygen for cellular waste products. stays the same increases reduces

reduces

In addition to being essential for metabolism, many ___________________ are required for blood renewal and function. sugars and proteins enzymes and carbohydrates vitamins and minerals proteins and lipids

vitamins and minerals