Human Origins Final
Which of the following best describes the two competing hypotheses regarding the relationships among the robust australopiths?
1. Australopithecus boisei and A. robustus are sister taxa that evolved from A. aethiopicus OR, 2. the South African and East African taxa are separate lineages correct
A prime example of human symbolic expression is the cave at Lascaux, France, which contains cave art dated to how many years ago?
17,000
The oldest fossil evidence of the genus Homo dates to which of the following?
2.8 million years old
Which of the following is the best age estimate for the common ancestor of all modern humans based on genetic evidence,?
200,000 years ago
The Australopithecus afarensis fossil known as "Lucy" is which of the following?
3.2 million years old
Symbolic expression in the form of cave painting is a modern human behavior that may date as far back as which of the following?
40,000 years ago
The hominin footprints at Laetoli preserve evidence of which of the following?
A human like foot adapted to bipedalism
The first Australopithecus afarensis fossil found at Hadar was which of the following?
A knee joint
Which of the following best describes an evolutionary lineage?
A sequence of species that form a line of descent. Each new species is the direct result of speciation from an immediate ancestral species.
In Africa, Homo erectus/ergaster is typically associated with which type of tool industry?
Acheulean
The presence of which molar (and the absence of other molars) indicated that the Taung child was not an adult?
Adult 1st molar
The hominin fossil sites surrounding Lake Turkana in East Africa, are primarily dated using which absolute dating technique?
Argon dating
According to Dr. Johanson, which species directly gave rise to the genus Homo?
Astralopithecus Afarensis
Sts 5, also known as Mrs. Ples, is attributed to which of the following species?
Astralopithecus Afarensis
Which of the following species is a potential ancestor to Australopithecus afarensis?
Astralopithecus Anamensis
Homo heidelbergensis is NOT found on which of the following continents?
Australia
The Peninj mandible, found in northern Tanzania, belongs to which of the following species?
Australopithecus Boisei
Robert Broom discovered specimens of which of the following species at the site of Kromdraai in South Africa?
Australopithecus Robustus
The Laetoli footprints are evidence that which of the following species was bipedal?
Australopithecus afarensis
he earliest (oldest) cut marks on bone are known from the same locality as which of the following species?
Australopithecus afarensis
Fossils of which of the following species have been discovered at Olduvai Gorge, Lake Turkana, Omo, Peninj, and Konso?
Australopithecus boisei
Australopithecus afarensis is the likely ancestor of which of the following sets of taxa?
Australopithecus boisei, A. Garhi, Homo
A typical Acheulean handaxe is which of the following?
Bifacial
The large maxillary sinuses are thought to be an adaptation for:
Breathing in a cold, dry climate
The late Pliocene is characterized by which type of trend, warming or cooling?
Cooling
Which of the following researchers became involved in the Chinese Geological Survey, excavated fossils at Dragon Bone Hill, and called them "Sinanthropus pekinensis"?
Davidson Black
Who named his fossil discovery Sinanthropus pekinensis?
Davidson black
As the brain of Homo got bigger, what happened to the gut size and the size of other organs? Were they increased or decreased?
Decreased
Which of the following is true about the Denisovans?
Denisovan DNA can be found in modern human populations, particularly in South-East Asians Denisovan DNA has been found in Homo heidelbergensis specimens from Spain Denisovan DNA is distinct form both Neandertals and modern humans.
Who of the following is a famous primatologist that was inspired by LSB Leakey and worked with gorillas?
Dian Fossey
Currently, the most ancient Homo sapiens fossils date to 195,000 years ago and are from Omo Kibish in the Omo River valley, which is in which of the following regions of the world?
East Africa
An imprint of the braincase, such as the one found along with the Taung child fossil, is called which of the following?
Endocast
Which of the following researchers discovered hominin fossils in Indonesia, on the island of Java, in the 19th century, and called them "Pithecanthropus erectus"?
Eugene Dubois
The Pleistocene is characterized by which of the following conditions?
Extreme climatic oscillations and a general cooling trend
Australopithecus afarensis fossils exhibit very little variation in size.
False
Most of the East African hominins have been found in cave sites.
False
No hominin fossils have yet been found at the site of Laetoli.
False
Scientists currently agree that Australopithecus sediba was not an ancestor to the genus Homo.
False
Some Acheulean tools show evidence of improvements to more primitive Oldowan technology.
False
The first recognized human ancestors were Neandertals.
False
True or False? Any kind of stone can be used to make a stone tool.
False
True or False? Meat eating is associated with decreased brain size in early hominins.
False
True or false? Australopithecus robustus has thin enamel.
False
True or false? Charles Darwin used diagrams depicting linear descent to explain evoluationary theory.
False
True or false? Humans have relatively larger guts and relatively smaller brains than other primates.
False
True or false? In general, members of the genus Homo have much larger molars than members of the genus Australopithecus.
False
True or false? Members of the genus Australopithecus were all extinct at the time that Homo first appears in the hominin fossil record.
False
True or false? Paleoanthropologists do not know if Lucy was a short adult or a child when she died.
False
True or false? Scientists are very certain about the evolutionary relationships between modern humans and all human ancestors who lived in the past.
False
True or false? Symbolic rock art is known only from Europe and has not been discovered on any other continent.
False
True or false? The first Neandertals were found after Darwin published his theory of evolution.
False
True or false? The frontal bone (forehead) of Australopithecus afarensis is vertical like a human's frontal bone.
False
True or false? The most rapid development of cultural innovations occurred before the evolution of Homo sapiens.
False
True or false? The size and shape of Lucy's birth canal is evidence that infants of her species were born with very large brains, like modern humans.
False
True or false? Upper Paleolithic tools are ONLY associated with Homo sapiens.
False
Where was one of the first discoveries of anatomically modern Homo sapiens?
France
Homo antecessor is a 780, 000 year old hominin found at which of the following sites?
Gran Dolina, Spain
A significant discovery at Dr. Curtis Marean's archaeological site at Pinnacle Point, Mossel Bay, South Africa include stone tools that have been:
Heat treated with fire
Which of the following discoveries was made at the Tanzanian site of Laetoli?
Hominin footprints
The Mousterian culture is associated with:
Homo Neanderthalensis
Franz Weidenreich is known for his study of which of the following species?
Homo erectus
Sinanthropus pekinensis was a name once used for fossils currently known as which of the following?
Homo erectus
Island dwarfing may explain the small size of which of the following hominin species?
Homo floresiensis
Which of the following species is the probable direct ancestor of Neandertals?
Homo heidelbergensis
When Homo sapiens first moved into Europe they met which of the following species?
Homo neanderthalensis
Mobiliary/portable art is associated with which of the following species?
Homo sapiens
Which of the following species is associated with the production of Venus figurines?
Homo sapiens
While hiking through the French countryside you happen upon a hominin cranium. Upon close inspection you see that is has a narrow nasal aperture and a chin. To which species does it belong?
Homo sapiens
Which of the following best characterizes Homo when compared to Australopithecus?
Increase in brain size and longer legs relative to arms
The skeleton at the Abrigo do Lagar Velho burial site is evidence that Neanderthals and modern Homo sapiens may have:
Interbred, however the skeleton is too young geologically to be a hybrid
Which of the following is true about Australopithecus robustus?
It had a sagittal crest
Which of the following is true about Australopithecus africanus?
It has no sagittal crest
Which of the following is NOT true about the species Homo floresiensis?
It lived as recently as five thousand years ago
Which of the following is a famous primatologist who is best known for her work studying chimpanzees in the wild?
Jane Goodall
The first fossils of Australopithecus anamensis were discovered in:
Kenya
The famous Australopithecus afarensis footprints are known from which fossil site?
Laetoli, Tanzania
Which of the following traits is shared between Cro-Magnon and Homo neanderthalensis?
Large Cranial capacity
Paranthropus or Austalopithecus boisei had much _____________ molar teeth than modern humans.
Larger
The brain capacity of Homo habilis was _____ than that of Australopithecines.
Larger
The first fossils of the Homo habilis species were discovered in the 1950s by:
Lee Berger and Louis and Mary Leakey
Australopithecus sediba was excavated by which of the following scientists and his team?
Lee berger
Which of the following places was the site of the 1868 first significant discovery in Europe of Paleolithic anatomically modern Homo sapiens burials?
Les Eyzies, France
_______________ discovered Zinjanthropus (Australopithecus boisei) at Olduvai Gorge in 1959.
Mary Leakey
In posterior view (viewed from behind), the cranium of Homo erectus has which of the following features?
Maximum breadth at low point
What type of bones on the faces of early Homo project more than those of Australopithecus?
Nasal bones
Which of the following characteristics is NOT present in Neandertals.
Nuchal torus
Australopithecus boisei is also known as which of the following?
Nutcracker man
The Dmanisi hominins are characterized by:
Oldowan tools
The face of Australopithecus robustus is which of the following?
Orthognathic (flat)
Which of the following traits do NOT characterize Homo habilis?
Parallel tooth rows
Which of the following traits does A. afarensis share with modern chimpanzees?
Parallel tooth rows
The Shungura Formation is largely made up of river sediments. As a result the fossils found at this site are which of the following?
Poorly preserved
Cutmarks found on fossilized hominin bones from the middle Pleistocene of Bodo, Ethiopia are often used as evidence of what?
Potential cannibalism
The name Australopithecus africanus was coined by which of the following scientists who identified the Taung baby skull in a shipment of fossils?
Raymond dart
One of the most surprising discoveries in the field of paleoanthropology is the species Homo floresiensis. This species is characterized by which of the following?
Relatively small cranial capacity compared to other homo species
The A.L. 666 maxilla found at Hadar in 1994 resembles Homo in which of the following features?
Rounded dental arch and deep pallet
Which of the following is a bony ridge running front to back that protrudes out of the top of the skull in some Australopithecus species?
Sagittal crest
Which of the following in NOT a characteristic of Australopithecus boisei?
Shallow zygomatic
Karst topography characterizes the fossil sites of South or East Africa?
South
Fossil remains of Australopithecus sediba were discovered in:
South Africa
The first hominin fossil was discovered in 1924 in _____.
South Africa
The trend in brain size during hominin evolution is best described as which of the following?
Steady increase for the first 3 million years with a rapid increase over the last 500, 000 years correct
The Leakeys' discovery of ____________ served as confirming evidence that humans evolved in Africa.
Stone tools
Which of the following chewing muscles were greatly enlarged in the species Australopithecus boisei?
Temporalis
Olduvai Gorge is located on the edge of which of the following?
The Serengeti
Blombos Cave in South Africa is dated to 70,000 years ago and is significant because of:
The bone tools and ochre found at the site
What is true about Neanderthals
They lived in rock overhangs They took care of the disabled and sick They hunted animals They used fire
The large nasal apertures of Neandertals may have been used for which of the following purposes?
To warm cold air
The first fossils of Homo erectus were found at which of the following places?
Trinil, Java, Indonesia
Paranthropus crassidens is now called Australopithecus robustus.
True
Paranthropus or Austalopithecus boisei was first disovered at Olduvai Gorge.
True
Some Acheulean tools show evidence of improvements to more primitive Oldowan technology.
True
True or False? The Out-of-Africa/Rapid-Replacement Model is supported by genetic evidence, which dates the origin of Homo sapiens at about 200, 000 years ago in Africa.
True
True or false? Although it has a smaller birth canal and more flaring blades, Lucy's pelvis is more similar to a human pelvis than it is to a chimpanzee pelvis.
True
True or false? Animals are commonly represented in Upper Paleolithic art.
True
True or false? Australopithecus africanus sites tend to be geologically older than Australopithecus robustus sites.
True
True or false? Chauvet Cave in France is evidence that humans were creating symbolic art 30,000 years ago.
True
True or false? Fossil specimens from Dmanisi in the Republic of Georgia are the oldest direct evidence of Homo found outside of Africa.
True
True or false? Oldowan tools appear in the archaeological record approximately 2.6 million years ago.
True
True or false? Other than occasional human hand stencils, paleolithic cave art rarely depicted human figures.
True
True or false? Specimens of Australopithecus afarensis have projecting faces, more like those of chimpanzees than those of modern humans.
True
True or false? The Out of Africa model of modern human origins suggests that modern humans evolved exclusively in Africa.
True
True or false? The Taung Child was found during a mining operation.
True
True or false? The earliest (oldest) stone tools, found at Lomekwi, Kenya, pre-date the earliest known Homo.
True
True or false? The idea of a single line of descent continued to be prominent even after Darwinian evolutionary theory became accepted.
True
True or false? The regions of the brain that are involved in language in humans have similar analogues in apes and monkeys.
True
True or false? Tools made by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic are characterized by an extremely diverse variety of materials and forms.
True
Which of the following combinations of features characterizes modern humans?
Vertical forehead and relatively small brow ridges
The Laetoli footprints were preserved because they were covered with ___________ followed by light rain.
Volcanic ash
