human physiology mod 3 worksheet

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is A) ACTH B) STH C) TSH D) FSH E) LH

ACTH

The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) MSH B) TSH C) ADH (Vasopressin). D) ACTH E) FSH.

ADH (Vasopressin).

Which of the following is NOT a method of hormone action? A) control of electrical signaling pathways B) All are methods of hormone action. C) control of enzymatic reaction rates D) control of gene expression and protein synthesis E) control of ion or molecule transport across cell membranes

All are methods of hormone action.

Dexamethasone is a drug used to suppress the secretion of ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland. Two patients with hypersecretion of cortisol are given dexamethasone. Anika's cortisol secretion level falls to normal after the medication, but Bonnie's cortisol secretion remains elevated. Which patient has primary hypercortisolism, also known as Cushing's syndrome? Explain your reasoning.

Bonnie is the patient with primary hypercortisolism because of the elevated cortisol levels. Anika's response to Dexamethasone resulted in normal levels of cortisol which means the lowered levels of ACTH suppressed the production of cortisol from the adrenal gland. The sustained levels in Bonnie results implies that this patient has adrenal failure which favors primary hypercortisolism.

What normally stops hormone action, and why is this important?

Hormones are degraded by enzymes and eliminated in the urine. This disposal of hormones is essential to the ability to regulate their action and prevent them from being too effective. For example, if insulin were not closely regulated, too much glucose could be removed from the blood, depriving brain cells of their only fuel source and causing brain damage, coma, and/or death. Section Title: Hormones Learning Outcome: 7.1

Candace is a normal-looking 15-year-old girl but has never had a menstrual period, though she has other signs of puberty such as breasts. During a pelvic exam her physician determines that she has no uterus. Blood tests reveal that she has elevated amounts of testosterone in her blood, similar to that expected in young adult males. Name two typical sources of testosterone. Given the lack of a uterus, what is the likely source of testosterone in this case? What may be wrong with her? (Hint: Consider general principles of hormone secretion and action.) Why is there no uterus? What genetic test may confirm this suspicion?

Testosterone is produced by adrenal glands and testes. The presence of elevated testosterone combined with absence of a uterus suggests that she has testes rather than ovaries. The lack of masculinization indicates that her tissues do not respond to the testosterone that is present. There is no uterus because she is genetically male. This can be confirmed by examining her chromosomes. Such individuals have "androgen insensitivity syndrome." Section Title: Endocrine Pathologies Learning Outcome: 7.8

A given hormone generally has the same effect on different target tissues. Is this statement TRUE or FALSE? Defend your answer.

This is a false statement because a given hormone can have different effects on different target tissues. For example, estrogen effects uterine cells by preparing for monthly menstrual cycles while estrogen can bind to bone cells to inhibit bone resorption.

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually A) a G protein. B) adenylyl cyclase. C) cAMP. D) cAMP. E) calcium.

a G protein.

When stimulated by a particular hormone, there is a marked increase in the activity of G proteins in the membrane. The hormone is probably A) a steroid. B) aldosterone. C) testosterone. D) estrogen. E) a peptide.

a peptide.

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is called the

adrenal medulla

Match each hormone with its primary source. A. epinephrine B. melatonin C. aldosterone D. prolactin E. insulin F. calcitonin adrenal cortex

aldosterone

The adrenal cortex produces a steroid hormone called _______________ that controls Na+ and K+ homeostasis and and another steroid hormone called ______ that controls blood glucose levels.

aldosterone; cortisol

Match each term with the appropriate description A. peptide hormone B. amino acid-derived hormone C. steroid hormone D. posterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. anterior pituitary derivatives of tyrosine

amino acid-derived hormone

Match each term with the appropriate description A. peptide hormone B. amino acid-derived hormone C. steroid hormone D. posterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. anterior pituitary true endocrine gland of epithelial origin

anterior pituitary

When an organ or gland shrinks due to lack of use, that condition is referred to as

atrophy

Match each hormone with its primary source. A. epinephrine B. melatonin C. aldosterone D. prolactin E. insulin F. calcitonin thyroid

calcitonin

Match each hormone with its primary source. A. epinephrine B. melatonin C. aldosterone D. prolactin E. insulin F. calcitonin adrenal medulla

epinephrine

Synergism occurs when A) hormones working together produce a smaller effect than predicted. B) one hormone inhibits the release of a second hormone. C) a hormone can exert its full effects only in the presence of another hormone. D) one hormone triggers the secretion of a second hormone. E) hormones working together produce a larger effect than predicted.

hormones working together produce a larger effect than predicted.

The trophic hormones reach the pituitary through the

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

Match each term with the appropriate description A. peptide hormone B. amino acid-derived hormone C. steroid hormone D. posterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. anterior pituitary site of vasopressin synthesis

hypothalamus

Match each hormone with its primary source. A. epinephrine B. melatonin C. aldosterone D. prolactin E. insulin F. calcitonin pancreas

insulin

Match each hormone with its primary source. A. epinephrine B. melatonin C. aldosterone D. prolactin E. insulin F. calcitonin pineal

melatonin

Chemical signals released into the blood by neurons are called

neurohormones

Match each term with the appropriate description A. peptide hormone B. amino acid-derived hormone C. steroid hormone D. posterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. anterior pituitary lipophobic molecule that interacts with receptors on cell surface

peptide hormone

The majority of hormones in the body are A) All of the hormones are present in equal amounts in the body. B) amino acid-derived hormones. C) peptide hormones. D) steroid hormones. E) neurohormones.

peptide hormones.

A circulatory route with two capillary beds in series is known as a

portal system

Match each term with the appropriate description A. peptide hormone B. amino acid-derived hormone C. steroid hormone D. posterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. anterior pituitary storage and release site for oxytocin

posterior pituitary

Match each hormone with its primary source. A. epinephrine B. melatonin C. aldosterone D. prolactin E. insulin F. calcitonin anterior pituitary

prolactin

Match each term with the appropriate description A. peptide hormone B. amino acid-derived hormone C. steroid hormone D. posterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. anterior pituitary cannot be stored in secretory vesicles

steroid hormone

The term for any hormone that controls the secretion of another hormone is a

trophic hormone