Hunter's Ed - Unit 2/ parts 1 and 2
Agencies, organizations and others who provide funding
- Federal Government - State Government - National Hunter Education Organizations, - Industry, Business, and Clubs
why is knowing your firearm's "maximum projectile range" ? Knowing "effective killing range"?
- The maximum projectile range tells you at what distances your firearm's projectile could cause injury or damage to persons, animals, or objects. - knowing the "effective killing range" lets you immediately assess when a shot will give a clean kill.
types of safeties
- cross-bolt safety - pivot safety - slide or tang safety - half-cock or hammer safety
Common actions on rifles
Single-shot rifles: usually break- or bolt-actions Repeating rifles: include the bolt-action, lever-action, pump-action, and semi-automatic types.
distances for firearms
projectile range for rifles are usually more than shotguns and handguns
common actions on shotguns
same as rifle: the pump action, semi-automatic action, and bolt action. break action: either a single barrel or double barrels.
Rifling - firearm part
the arrangement of spiral grooves on the inside of a rifle barrel.
how Rifles and Handguns Fire
- A cartridge is inserted into the chamber. - The action is closed, and the firing pin is pushed back and held back under spring tension. - The trigger is squeezed, releasing the firing pin, which moves forward with great force. The firing pin strikes the primer, causing it to explode. - The spark from the primer ignites the gunpowder. Gas converted from the burning powder rapidly expands in the cartridge. The expanding gas forces the bullet out of the cartridge and down the barrel with great speed. The rifling in the barrel causes the bullet to spin as it travels out of the barrel. The bullet's speed and escaping gases produce a "bang."
storing firearm*
- Firearms must be stored unloaded and in a locked location, separate from ammunition. - The storage area should be cool, clean, and dry. (should NEVER have/get moisture) Storing firearms in closed gun cases or scabbards isn't recommended - Store guns horizontally, or with the muzzle pointing down - Don't display guns in glass cabinets as display guns should be hidden from view and locked
Common Types of Rifle Bullets (check picture in google doc)
- Pointed Soft Point: High velocity, accurate bullets with a flat travel path (trajectory); excellent mushrooming - Rounded Soft Point: Popular for low-velocity calibers; recommended for tubular magazines - Protected Tip: Highly accurate with excellent expansion - Full Metal Jacket: Maximum penetration without mushrooming; these bullets are illegal for big game hunting in most states
how shotguns fire
- Pulling the trigger causes the firing pin to strike and explode the primer in the base of the cartridge or shotshell. - The spark from the primer ignites the gunpowder, which burns rapidly and converts to a gas. - The gas rapidly expands and drives the projectile(s) through the barrel with great force.
Practices to Help You Avoid Using Wrong Ammunition
- Purchase only the correct ammunition for your firearm. Buy the exact caliber or gauge and length of ammunition for which your rifle, handgun, or shotgun was designed. - Carry only the correct ammunition for the firearm you're using. - Never use old ammunition.
Ammo for different firearms
- Rifles and handguns: use a cartridge containing a single projectile (bullet). - Shotguns: use a shotshell containing either a single slug or a large number of small projectiles (shot or pellets).
Common types of Handgun Bullets (check photo in google doc)
- Roundnose Lead: Good penetration, little expansion - Full Metal Jacket: High penetration, no expansion - Semi-Wad Cutter: Balances penetration and expansion - Hollowpoint: Designed for high expansion on impact - Wad Cutter: Flat-ended, used for target shooting; creates clean hole in paper
goals of hunter ed
- Train safe, responsible and law-abiding hunters - Decrease hunting-related shooting incidents and other hunting injuries - strives to instill responsibility (courtesy, respecting others and animals), improve knowledge,
How to clean firearms
- Work on a cleared table or bench. Always give cleaning your full attention. - Point the muzzle in a safe direction, and make sure the gun is unloaded. - Remove all ammunition from the cleaning bench - field strip (disassemble) the firearm as directed in the firearm owner's manual. Then clean each part separately. use the correct materials!
matching ammo with firearm
- You should also consider the species being hunted, the hunting environment, and the hunting regulations. - Read the specific caliber or gauge designations on the side of the barrel. Match that barrel stamp designation exactly. - Carefully read the information on the lid of the ammunition box and on the headstamp on the ammunition. - Finally, match the proper caliber of the cartridge, or gauge and length of shotshell, on the ammunition box and the ammunition head stamp to the barrel stamp before you shoot.
Pittman Restoration Act
- approved by Congress in 1937, amended in 1970 - provides funding for the selection, restoration, and improvement of wildlife habitat and for wildlife management research. - Funds for the act come from an 11% federal excise tax on sporting arms, ammunition, and archery equipment, as well as a 10% tax on handguns. - supports the management of wildlife areas and wetlands as well as game and non-game wildlife. - "Robertson's 29 words" are a clause in the act's language to prevent states from diverting license fees paid by hunters away from their intended purpose
Choosing the Correct Type and Size of Shot
- as the size of your target decreases -> you should decrease the diameter of the shot you use. - As pellet diameter decreases -> more shot can be placed in a standard shotshell, - the smaller the shot "number," the larger the pellet diameter. - Shotshell marked as magnum means the shell has more shot or more gunpowder than a regular shell. - Magnum and regular shotshells are interchangeable if the correct gauge and shell length are used.
safety tips for safeties
- don't completely rely on safety - don't alter or modify your firearm by yourself (go to a gunsmith)
Ways safeties can fail
- if they are worn out or damaged
shotgun gauge
- measure related to the diameter of the smooth shotgun bore and the size of the shotshell designed for that bore - Common shotgun gauges are 10-gauge, 12-gauge, 16-gauge, 20-gauge, and 28-gauge - The smaller the gauge number, the larger the shotgun bore - (old): number of lead balls of size equal to the approximate diameter of the bore that it takes to weigh one pound (Today): gauge can be measured much the same way as caliber, by measuring the inside bore diameter. - shot string: The farther the pellets travel, the greater the spread of the group of pellets (shot) both in length and diameter.
Danger of Using Wrong Ammunition
- serious personal injury or gun damage (ex: when you insert a 12 gauge shotshell in a 20 gauge)
Steel Shot
- they weigh about one-third less than lead shot pellets of the same size. - steel is harder, does not deform, and is not as unstable in flight as lead. - It will produce a tighter pattern than lead shot.
Shotshells
- use slug/shot as projectiles - slug is solid projectile of lead used by shotguns for big game - shot are multiple pellets fired through a shotgun barrel, used typically to hunt game birds and small game animals. - used typically to hunt game birds and small game animals.
caliber (handguns + rifles)
- usually is measured as the diameter of the bore from land to opposite land and is expressed in hundredths of an inch, thousandths of an inch, or millimeters (a .270-caliber rifle bore measures 270/1000ths of an inch in diameter between the lands and has a larger bore diameter than a .223-caliber rifle) - sometimes have a second number that has nothing to do with the diameter (The "06" in .30-06 refers to the year (1906) it became the official ammunition) - Having the same bore size does not mean different cartridges are interchangeable.
Additional Rules about Firearm Safety
1. Check your barrel and ammunition. 2. Unload firearms when not in use. 3. Point a firearm only at something you intend to shoot. 4. Don't run, jump, or climb with a loaded firearm. 5. Store firearms and ammunition separately and safely. 6. Avoid alcoholic beverages before and during shooting.
4 Basic Rules of Firearm Safety
1. Watch the Muzzle 2. Treat every firearm with the respect due to loaded arm 3. Be sure of the target and what is in front of it and beyond it 4. Keep your finger outside the trigger guard until ready to shoot.
Important Events for Hunters ED
1949 - first mandated hunter education program began in New York 2014: International Hunter Education Association USA (IHEA-USA) adopted a set of education standards for basic hunter education courses.
Firearm definition
A firearm is a mechanical device that uses pressure from a burning powder to force a projectile through and out of a metal tube
Basic Parts of Firearms
Action: The action is the heart of the firearm—the moving parts that load and fire the ammunition and eject the shells or cartridges (muzzleloaders have locks instead of actions) Stock: The stock is the part of the firearm that is held by the shooter. The stock also serves as the platform for supporting the action and the barrel. Barrel: The barrel is the metal tube that the projectile travels through as a result of pressure from burning gunpowder, compressed air, or other like means. The barrel also guides the projectile in the intended direction.
types of actions
Actions are either single-shot or repeating styles - Bolt action - pump action - lever action - semi-automatic (autoloading) - Break (Hinge) - Revolving
types of sights
Bead Sight: Simple round bead set into the top of the barrel near the muzzle of a shotgun. Open (Iron) Sight: Combination of a bead or post front sight and a notched rear sight. Aperture (Peep) Sight: Combination of a bead or post front sight and a round hole set on the rifle's receiver close to the shooter's eye. Telescopic Sight (Scope): Small telescope mounted on your firearm. A scope gathers light to brighten the image, uses mirrors and lenses to magnify the target, and does away with aligning rear and front sights. Dot Sight: Small device mounted on your firearm. A dot sight uses electronics or optical fibers to project a glowing dot or other mark on a lens in front of the shooter's eye.
Hunters Ed strives to...
Instill Responsibility - behavior includes courtesy, respect of others and of wildlife, and involvement. Hunters don't act carelessly, they obey hunting laws, practice safety rules and wait for a clean kill before shooting. Improve Skills - gained through hands-on training and practice improving your knowledge - learning and understanding the basics of safe gun handling and hunting. Before being trained in the skill of firearm shooting, you should know how the firearm operates and how to handle it safely. encourage Involvement - includes teaching others, working with landowners, and cooperating with game wardens. It also includes joining conservation organizations.
Where safeties are usually located
Near triggers, bolt, slide, frame, or hammer
differences in Rifles, Shotguns and Handguns
Rifle: long barrel w/ rifling, thick walls, puts spiral spin on bullet, used for firing at stationary targets and has only one specific caliber (ammo) Shotgun: long barrel w/smooth bore (rifled barrel if firing slugs), thin walls, used for shooting at moving targets in the air, and has only one specific gauge (ammo) Handgun: same as rifle, except short barrel (extra care must be taken to control the muzzle of a handgun)
Common Actions on handguns (revolvers and pistols)
Single-action: gun must be manually cocked for each shot (revolvers) or for the first shot (autoloaders), usually by pulling back the hammer or cycling the slide. Also very light and can be set off easily if safety is off Double-action: trigger movement cocks the action as the trigger is pulled during firing, but the gun can also be manually cocked like a single-action. much heavier trigger, so much safer
types of chokes
Your distance from the target determines the choke you need. The choke of a shotgun determines shot string only. - cylinder - improved* (wider, more range) - modified* - full* (narrower, more persistence)
magazine - firearm part
a compartment that holds ammunition for the action to load into the chamber. This can be built into the stock or a detachable container
Shotgun
a firearm that is usually designed to be fired from the shoulder,which uses the energy of a fixed shell to fire a number of small spherical pellets.
Hammer - firearm part
a part of a firearm that is used to strike the percussion cap/primer, or a separate firing pin, to ignite the propellant and fire the projectile.
trigger guard - firearm part
a protective ring that deters the trigger from being accidentally struck or touched.
Sights - firearm part
a simple set or system of markers that have to be aligned together with the target (such as iron sights on firearms), or optical devices that allow the user to see a sometimes optically enhanced.
Casing - firearm part
a type of pre-assembled firearm ammunition packaging a projectile (bullet, shots, or slug), a propellant substance (usually either smokeless powder or black powder), and an ignition device (primer).
Basic Components of Ammo
case - The container that holds all the other ammunition components together. It's usually made of brass, steel, copper, paper, or plastic. Gunpowder - A chemical mixture that burns rapidly and converts to an expanding gas when ignited. smokeless fire burns slowly, while black powder is more explosive Primer - An explosive chemical compound that ignites the gunpowder when struck by a firing pin. Primer may be placed either in the rim of the case (rimfire) or in the center of the base of the case (centerfire). - Projectile: The object(s) expelled from the barrel. A bullet is a projectile, usually containing lead, fired through a rifle or handgun barrel. A slug is a solid projectile, usually of lead, fired through a shotgun barrel. Shot is a group of lead, steel, tungsten alloy, or bismuth pellets fired through a shotgun barrel. - wad: A seal and/or shot container made of paper or plastic separating the powder from the slug or shot in a shotshell. The wad prevents gas from escaping through the shot and holds the shot together as it passes through the barrel.
uhm i cant put it in the animations/ the diagram of firearm parts from the website here but go review that too!!
hehehehehehe go check it out dumbo
projectile - firearm part
may also be referred to as the bullet and is the part of the cartridge that leaves the barrel and is meant to strike a target.
Safety - firearm part
mechanical device designed to prevent accidental firing (never to be used as an alternative to safe firearm handling). (sometimes doesn't do its job :0)
Fore-stock - firearm part
part of the stock meant to be held by the fore-hand. ---> for stability
Rifle
portable long-barreled firearm designed for precision shooting, to be held with both hands and braced against the shoulder for stability during firing.
Chamber - firearm part
portion of the barrel or firing cylinder in which the cartridge is inserted before being fired.
Centerfire and Rimfire Ammunition
the 2 main types of ammo - Centerfire ammunition is used for rifles, shotguns, and handguns. Most centerfire ammunition is reloadable. Primer located in center of casing base - Rimfire ammunition has the primer contained in the rim of the ammunition casing. Rimfire cartridges are not reloadable.
Primer
the chemical and/or device responsible for initiating the propellant combustion that will push the projectiles out of the gun barrel.
Butt - firearm part
the end of the stock that is held against the shoulder. Sometimes fitted with a recoil pad.
Muzzle - firearm part
the front end of the barrel where fired projectiles exit.
Bore (definition one) - firearm part
the interior channel of the barrel through which fired projectiles travel.
Bore (definition two) - firearm part
the interior of the barrel of a gun or firearm
Trigger - firearm part
the part moved by the finger that fires the cartridge or shot-shell.
Breech - firearm part
the rear end of the barrel, beginning with the chamber. (where things can jam)
Pistol
type of handgun
Powder - firearm part
typically smokeless or black or grey in color.
cartridge - firearm part
unit of ammunition, made up of a case, primer, powder, and bullet. Also called a "round", or "load".
What type of hunting are non-toxic shots used for?
waterfowl hunting
