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What is one DISADVANTAGE of hunting from an elevated stand? You can detect game earlier. You can fall out of the stand. You have a good backstop for shooting. You are more visible to other hunters.
You can fall out of the stand.
What group sets hunting regulations in most states?
a wildlife management agency
Under most conditions, how long can you survive without water?
about three days
Which part of the firearm loads, fires, and ejects shells or cartridges? stock action barrel trigger
action
What is the BEST prevention for frostbite?
avoid severe weather
Two hunters are duck hunting in a boat. What is the safest position?
back-to-back
Always unload a firearm before: approaching downed game crossing rough terrain stalking game walking across an open field
crossing rough terrain
which shotgun choke is the most open?
cylinder (unchocked)
Which shotgun choke is the most open?
cylinder (unchoked)
Which shotgun choke is the most open? improved cylinder cylinder (unchoked) modified full
cylinder (unchoked)
What is the hunter's most important item of clothing? breathable layer worn next to the body wool sweater and cap daylight fluorescent orange outerwear waterproof protective outer layer
daylight fluorescent orange outerwear
True north and magnetic north are not the same. The difference between them is called: deflection orienteering declination elevation
declination
True north and magnetic north are not the same. The difference between them is called:
deflection
Which statement about broadheads is true?
dress game with great caution until you find all parts of the broadhead
drivers and posters
drivers drive the animals out of the woods and posters intercept them
What parts of your body should have protection whenever you fire a handgun? eyes and hands eyes and chin ears and hands ears and eyes
ears and eyes
What should be worn at all times while climbing a tree or in a tree stand? safety helmet fall-arrest system safety rope safety goggles
fall-arrest system
Which two items should always be locked away separately? firearms and targets firearms and arrows firearms and knives firearms and ammunition
firearms and ammunition
Tree strap
goes around the tree
handgun barrel
gun is designed to be shot while being held with one or two hands, rather than being placed against the shooter's shoulder
After spending several hours outdoors, your skin is pale and clammy. You feel weak and have muscle cramps. These are symptoms of: frostbite hypothermia heat exhaustion first-degree burn
heat exhaustion
trapping
helps control animal populations by minimizing starvation, reducing spread of disease, and controlling habitat damage or destruction.
what is good marksmanship?
hitting the target accurately and consistently
There are several ways to carry a gun. The shoulder carry is a good choice:
if all other hunters are in front of you
There are several ways to carry a gun. The shoulder carry is a good choice: if all other hunters are in front of you if all other hunters are behind you if all other hunters are either behind or beside you regardless of the location of other hunters
if all other hunters are in front of you
Which two shotgun chokes are best for hunting small, fast, close birds?
improved cylinder and modified
Where should broadheads be kept while traveling to and from the field?
in a quiver with a cover
It is safe to shoot an arrow when the target is:
in front of a safe backstop
where to shoot a deer
in the vital organs- heart or lungs
What type of treestand is considered to be safer for the hunter to climb in and out of?
ladder stand
What is it called when someone is proficient at firing a firearm?
marksmanship
barrel
metal tube through which the projectile travels
Most bowstrings have a small brass band to mark the correct position for nocking the arrow. What is the name for this band?
nocking point
Most bowstrings have a small brass band to mark the correct position for nocking the arrow. What is the name for this band? fletching vane nocking point crest
nocking point
flushing
noise, movement, or dogs to cause game to become nervous and leave cover.
tubular magazines
only rounded or blunt tips
To make sure a bolt-action firearm is unloaded, you must check the: magazine and trigger open action and magazine open action and muzzle muzzle and trigger
open action and magazine
the fourth rule of firearm safety is "keep your finger ___ until ready to shoot."
outside the trigger guard
Semi-Automatic Pistol: slide
part that moves back to load cartridges
handgun: hammer
part that strikes the primer to cause ignition
Hunting loses respect as a sport when hunters:
participate in hunting while ignoring the arguments of critics
There are four standard rifle firing positions. Which position is best for learning the fundamentals of shooting?
prone
there are four standard rifle firing positions. choose the steadiest.
prone
Suspension relief strap
provides a loop to stand in if you fall
Hunters tend to pass through five stages of development. What is the focus during the trophy stage?
quality of game rather than quantity
A bowhunter's quarry is antelope, deer, black bear, or other big game of similar size or smaller. Which shot offers a good chance for a clean kill?
quartering-away
which type of bow has limbs that curve away from the belly of the bow
recurve bow
Pointed Soft Point:
rifle- High velocity, accurate bullets with a flat travel path (trajectory); excellent mushrooming
The Stock
serves as the handle of the firearm. It can be composed of one or two pieces and is usually made of wood or a synthetic material.
Your skin is pale, cold, and clammy. Your pulse is rapid. Your breathing is shallow. You feel fear. These are symptoms of: shock hypothermia heat stroke frostbite
shock
head shot
should not be taken
What are the 4 parts of a compound bow?
stabilizer, sight, arrow rest, vibration dampener
There are four standard rifle firing positions. Which position provides the LEAST support? prone standing sitting kneeling
standing
What position is considered to be the least steady?
standing position
You nock an arrow with the bow parallel to the ground. The cock feather should be pointing:
straight up
what are bullet points used for?
target practice
muzzle
the end of the barrel where the bullet exits
Which of the following is a factor in determining a zone-of-fire? the range of the firearms being used the game being hunted how many hunters in the group are aiming at the target whether the hunters in the group are wearing daylight fluorescent orange
the game being hunted
What is sight alignment? the foundation for shooting and hunting safety what you see when a firearm's sights are aligned correctly with the target the process of lining up a firearm's rear and front sights what you do to identify your dominant eye
the process of lining up a firearm's rear and front sights
main differences between rifles, shotguns, and handguns
their barrels and type of ammunition
Why must you learn to recognize key characteristics of the animal you're hunting?
to avoid taking illegal game or non-game animals
Why hunter education?
to ensure the continuation of the hunting tradition.
Why should you aim with your dominant eye?
to increase your accuracy
Why should you aim with your dominant eye? to increase your accuracy to find game more easily to ensure you limit out to become a true sportsman
to increase your accuracy
There are several ways to carry a firearm while hunting. Which carry gives the best control? trail carry elbow or side carry two-handed or ready carry shoulder carry
two-handed or ready carry
There are four primary rules of firearm safety. One of these rules is:
unload firearms when not in use
what are broadhead points used for?
used for big game and generally have interchangeable blades that can either be in a fixed position or a newer type, which opens only on impact.
what are blunt points used for?
used for small game and are made of metal or rubber
what are fishing points used for?
used mostly for bow fishing and feature barbs to hold the fish to the arrow
what are judo points used for?
used mostly in grassy areas for small game
Which method is recommended for climbing a tree to enter an elevated stand? free climbing using a free rope attached to the stand using a free-standing ladder using a fall-arrest system (safety harness)
using a fall-arrest system (safety harness)
What might cause a shotgun to explode? a misfire insufficient gunpowder in the shotshell using the wrong choke for your quarry using the wrong shotshell in your shotgun
using the wrong shotshell in your shotgun
You get lost and find yourself in survival mode. Your priorities are shelter, fire, and:
water
Which of the following is a symptom of hypothermia? weak heartbeat profuse sweating high body temperature rashy, red skin
weak heartbeat
When you know a firearm's effective killing range, you can determine: which animals you can hunt which stance to use when shooting whether you are aiming at the target when a shot will give a clean kill
when a shot will give a clean kill
misfire
when the primer fails to ignite the powder
quartering away/toward
when your target is facing away or toward you, but at an angle
When should a hunter wear a fall-arrest system?
whenever the hunter is off the ground
When you go on a hunting trip, you should leave a hunting plan with someone you trust. What information should the plan include? the name of your next of kin your social security number and birthdate your home address and email address where you will be hunting and when you expect to return
where you will be hunting and when you expect to return
Large surface arm guard
will help keep clothing tucked away
What can arrows be made out of?
wood, fiberglass, aluminum or carbon.
Clothing that is made from which of the following materials retains its insulation properties even when wet and is the best for all-around warmth?
wool
You are hunting in a group. It is safe for you to shoot in the area called the: firing lane shooting alley zone-of-fire game zone
zone-of-fire
What type of shotgun is not a gauge?
.410. the actual diameter measurement of the barrel is .410
Most hunters would agree that certain hunting behaviors are ethical. Certain behaviors are unethical. Other behaviors are in a gray area, and each hunter must make a personal choice. Which of the following behaviors is in the gray area?
A hunter baits deer with corn or protein pellets.
Safeties Can Fail
A safety is only a back up to safe gun-handling habits
Wad
A seal and/or shot container made of paper or plastic separating the powder from the slug or shot in a shot shell. The wad prevents gas from escaping through the shot and holds the shot together as it passes through the barrel.
nock
A slotted plastic tip located on the rear end of the arrow that snaps onto the string and holds the arrow in position. There is a certain point on the bowstring, called the "nocking point," where arrows are nocked. Fine tuning of this location, by moving it up or down the bowstring, is usually required.
Kisser button
A small plastic button that attachs to the bow string. At full draw it will touch the archers lips to provide another point of reference for the anchor position.
shoulder carry
A useful carry when using a break action firearm. One hand is placed on the barrel as shown, while the action is open and rested on your shoulder. This carry allows for good muzzle control while walking longer distances. A different type of shoulder carry is used with rifles - where one hand is holding the firearm's grip, barrel resting on your shoulder and the muzzle is pointed behind you. Only use this type of carry if you are absolutely certain that no one is behind you.
Primer
An explosive chemical compound that ignites the gunpowder when struck by a firing pin. may be placed either in the rim of the case (rimfire) or in the center of the base of the case (centerfire).
How can a hunter help wildlife conservation efforts?
By donating to conservation organizations, or helping to build habitats for local wildlife
Why is good marksmanship important?
Good marksmanship is critical for a clean kill.
What is the correct treatment for first-degree or second-degree burns with closed blisters?
Immerse in cold water.
Which of the following is an important safety rule that must be followed while cleaning a firearm?
Keep the firearm unloaded, with the muzzle pointed in a safe direction
There are four primary rules of firearm safety. One of these rules is: Keep firearms loaded and ready to shoot at all times. Keep your finger outside the trigger guard until ready to shoot. Treat an unloaded gun without concern for safety. Make sure the barrel and action are clear of obstructions before shooting.
Keep your finger outside the trigger guard until ready to shoot.
With regards to a dog's well being, why is it most important to ensure they remain warm and dry?
Like humans, dogs can experience hypothermia
Trigger Guard
Pieces that surrounds the trigger to protect it from being squeezed or bumped accidentally
What is nocking an arrow?
Placing the arrow against the bow string until you hear a click
double action
Pulling the trigger both cocks and releases the hammer.
If you fall out of a treestand what are the three R's to remember?
Rescue, relief, recover
Protected Tip
Rifle- Highly accurate with excellent expansion
Choose the true statement about steel shot versus lead shot. Steel shot weighs about two-thirds as much. Steel shot produces a larger pattern. Steel shot is softer. Steel shot is more unstable in flight.
Steel shot weighs about two-thirds as much.
grooves
The spiral cuts in a rifled bore
How should your firearms and equipment be brought into a treestand?
Using a haul line once having reached the top
What does H.E.L.P. stand for when submerged in cold water?
'heat escape lessening posture.' You want to keep as much body heat as possible from escaping. If you are alone, cross your arms tightly against the chest and bring your knees up close to the chest
Homeade or permanent treestand
(Homemade or permanent treestands made of wood are NOT recommended because over time they can deteriorate and become unsafe. Rain, snow and ice can collect on the stand, and moss can collect in spots, making the platform slick. Also, a permanent stand can damage the tree to which it's attached and the nails you use to fasten it can cause serious damage to equipment or people later on, when the tree is harvested.)
Three factors that can spoil meat and make it unsafe to eat?
-Heat, dirt, and moisture. -Bacteria may start to grow if the meat is not cooled. Start the cooling process by field dressing the game animal as quickly as possible.When dragging or moving the game animal to a pickup point or a vehicle, keep it as clean as possible. If you are hunting in an area that has livestock, ensure the game animal is not dragged over manure in the field. Avoid getting dirt or vegetation inside the cleaned-out body cavity.Water on exposed meat breeds bacteria. Carry the game animal over small streams or creeks. Use paper towels or a clean rag to dry the body cavity if it gets wet. Protect your harvested game from rain, snow and ice when transporting it.
Most common causes of hunting-related incidents that involve watercraft
-Not following proper firearm safety and handling rules -Standing in watercraft while shooting -Not wearing an approved personal flotation device -Slipping or falling when entering or exiting watercraft -Not knowing the safety rules for safe watercraft handling
Centerfire Slugshell (single lead projectile...used for hunting big game)
-hull/casing -projectile: slug -wad column -powder -primer
Centerfire shotshell
-hull/casing (shot shell-part used to contain all other parts of a shotgun shell) -projectiles: shots or pellets -wad column (piece of plastic or paper inside a shot shell that separates the projectiles and powder, ensuring no gas escpaes from the burning powder) -powder -primer
What are the 4 components of this rifle cartridge?
1. Bullet, 2. Case, 3. Gunpowder, 4. Primer
How to cross a fence with another person?
1. If you are crossing a fence or other obstacle with another hunter, unload all firearms first. Pass your firearm to the other hunter with the action open and visible. 2. Once the second hunter is safely holding both firearms, the first hunter may cross the fence. 3. Once safely across, the unloaded firearms are handed to the hunter who has crossed the fence. The muzzle should always be pointed in a safe direction. 4. With the muzzles still pointing in a safe direction, the second hunter can now cross the fence. After crossing, Now that you've crossed safely, load your firearm, engage the safety and continue your hunt.
Rimfire Cartridge
1. Projectile (bullet): material that is fired from a firearm or bow. Can be a bullet, slug, shot or arrow. 2. Case: metal container that holds all the components of a firearm cartridge together. 3. Gunpowder: high energy propellant that creates high pressure when ignited. 4. Primer (on inside rim of casing base): an explosive compound used to ignite a larger gunpowder charge.
Steps in firing a centerfire cartridge
1. cartridge is loaded into chamber. 2. action is closed and projectile is ready to be fired. 3. Firing pin makes contact with primer and ignites gunpowder creating high pressure. 4. Rapidly accumulating high pressure from the burning gunpowder pushes projectile out of barrel.
What are the 10 commandments of firearm safety?
1.Treat every firearm with the same respect due a loaded firearm. 2. Control the direction of your firearm's muzzle. 3. Be sure of your target and what is beyond it. 4. Be sure the barrel and action are clear of obstructions. 5. Unload firearms when not in use. 6. Never point a firearm at anything you do not intend to shoot. 7. Never climb a fence or tree, or jump a ditch or log, with a loaded firearm. 8. Never shoot a bullet at a flat, hard surface or water. 9. Store firearms and ammunition separately. 10. Avoid alcoholic beverages or other mood-altering drugs before or while shooting.
After taking a shot, how long should you wait before attempting to retrieve the game animal?
15 to 20 minutes
Two duck hunters are seated back-to-back in a boat. How large is the zone-of-fire for each hunter?
180 degrees
The zone-of-fire in front of each hunters spans about:
45 degrees
Arrow Rest
A device that holds the arrow above the arrow shelf.
Gunpowder
A high-energy propellant of a specific quantity (charge) that, when ignited, creates a high pressure inside the case. This pressure sends the bullet or projectile down the barrel of the firearm to exit at the muzzle.
Powder
A high-energy propellant of a specific quantity that, when ignited, creates a high pressure gas inside the cartridge case. This pressure forces the bullet or projectile down the barrel of the firearm to exit at the muzzle.
Lever Action
A lever-action firearm usually has a shorter barrel, is lighter to carry, and is easy to operate for follow-up shots. A popular style of action among rifles, it is a good choice if you are hunting in thick brush (remember to cover the trigger guard to protect the trigger). Most lever-actions have a loading gate where the cartridges are pushed into a tubular magazine. To load a cartridge from the magazine, grasp the lever and swing it down and away from you. Make sure that the barrel is pointed in a safe direction. Next, swing the lever up and towards you. This releases a cartridge from the magazine, chambers the cartridge and closes the action. After you load, engage the safety if your lever action has one; otherwise, place the hammer at half-cock position. After firing the lever action, swing the lever down and away from you to eject the cartridge.Bolt and lever action firearms are found mainly in rifles. To load a lever-action, swing the lever down and away from your body.
Magazine Plug
A magazine plug is usually made of wood and is found in a tubular magazine. It is used to limit the number of shot shells a shotgun can hold. In California, if you hunt with a shotgun it cannot be capable of holding more than three shells at a time.
Sight
A mechanical device to help the archer to place a shot.
Case
A metal container that holds all of the components together, usually made of brass, aluminum or steel.
Who should a safe hunter leave a hunting plan with before leaving on a hunting trip?
A responsible family member or friend
wad
A seal and/or shot container made of paper or plastic separating the powder from the slug or shot in a shotshell. It prevents gas from escaping through the shot and holds the shot together as it passes through the barrel.
Which of the following best describes the hunting practice of Stalking?
A technique where a safe hunter follows fresh game animal signs or has visually spotted game in the distance
Safety zone in CA
According to the California Fish Game Code, it is illegal to discharge while hunting, any firearm within 150 yards of any dwelling. This 150 yard area is known as a 'safety zone'.
Stabilizer
Adding a stabilizer adds forward weight, to balance the bow and absorb the vibrations when the string is released.
aiming a rifle
Aim a rifle. Focus your eye on the crosshairs or front sight. Squeeze the trigger.
four fundamentals for rifle shot
Aim carefully, aligning your sights. Take a deep breath, and then release about half of it. Squeeze the trigger slowly. Follow through.
Grip on a bow
Allows the hunter to hold the bow in a vertical position while shooting. For bows with a wrist strap, the proper way to grip is with a relaxed handgrip. For other bows, fingertips are curled resting lightly on the front of the grip. The force of the bow, at full draw, holds the grip in the palm of the archer's hand. If the archer grips the bow too tightly, it tends to throw the arrow left or right or up and down.
Hull/casing
Also known as a shot shell, the casing is a plastic tube shaped container that holds all of the shell components together. They come in a variety of sizes and colors.
Which factor has significant impact on a firearms maximum projectile range?
Altitude
Which of the following is the best example of safe and responsible carrying or handling of a firearm?
Always making sure the muzzle is pointed in a safe direction
Which of the following would be an example of the actions of an Ethical hunter?
Always taking a land owners wishes into account
Clothing can affect your ability to perform safely and responsibly. How should you choose your clothes for a hunting trip?
Always wear clothing suitable for the weather you expect.
Which statement about arrows is true?
An arrow is as deadly as a bullet.
Which statement about arrows is true? An arrow is harmless at a distance of over 40 yards. An arrow is as deadly as a bullet. An arrow is not easily deflected. Basic firearm safety rules do not apply to archery.
An arrow is as deadly as a bullet.
Primer
An explosive chemical compound that ignited the gunpowder when struck by a firing pin. Primer may be placed either in the rim of the case (rimfire) or in the center of he base of the case (centerfire)
Primer
An explosive compound used to ignite the gunpowder charge.
"Always keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction" is which of the following?
An important rule of firearm safety
What should you do to stop a wound from bleeding?
Apply direct pressure to the wound
Arm guards
Arm guards are available in various shapes, sizes and designs. They are used on whichever arm is holding the bow to help keep loose clothing tucked away, and to help prevent "burning" from the friction of the bow string rubbing against the arm when it is released. A proper stance or position by the shooter will also help prevent the released bow string from "burning" the arm holding the bow.
Semi-Automatic Action
As each shot is fired manually, the case of the cartridge or shotshell is ejected automatically and the chamber is reloaded automatically
Semi - Wad Cutter:
Balances penetration and expansion
What is the name for the tube-shaped part of a firearm that the bullet or shot travels through after the cartridge is fired?
Barrel
There are four primary rules of firearm safety. One of these rules is: Unload a firearm before climbing a fence or tree. Unload firearms when not in use. Avoid alcoholic beverages before and during shooting Be sure of the target, what is in front of it, and what is beyond it.
Be sure of the target, what is in front of it, and what is beyond it.
Rules of safe firearm handling
Be sure of your target and beyond, treat every firearm as if it were loaded, keep the firearm unloaded until you are ready to hunt, and never point a firearm at something that you don't intent to shoot.
Mechanical (Expandable) Blade Broadhead
Blades are retracted close to the ferrule before the shot. Upon impact, the blades expand to expose the cutting edges. These are recommended for use only with bows rated 50 pounds or more because most require additional energy to open upon penetration.
sitting
Both arms are supported by your legs. Next to the prone position, this is the steadiest position.
A firearm safety:
Can be bumped from the safe position
What does capsizing of boats most often caused by?
Capsizing is most often caused by overloading, poorly secured loads, improper boat handling and anchoring or loss of power/steerage. In order to prevent cold water immersion, be sure not to overload vessels and always take weather and water conditions into consideration when operating. Falls overboard can be avoided by remaining seated and limiting how much you move around a boat when it is underway.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the single-action revolver?
Cartridges must be loaded and unloaded through the loading gate
Centerfire vs. Rimfire
Centerfire and rimfire cartridges primarily differ on the location of the primer. Centerfire cartridges have the primer inserted into the cartridge base whereas rimfire cartridges have the primer on the inside rim of the cartridge base.
You stumble in the field. The barrel of your firearm dips into the ground. You follow the steps to check for an obstruction in the firearm. After pointing the muzzle in a safe direction, what is the NEXT step?
Check for debris in the barrel.
What is the first thing a hunter should do every time he or she loads a firearm?
Check the barrel for obstructions
chest harness
Chest harnesses are no longer the preferred harnesses either. These harnesses cause severe restriction in the chest area, making it difficult to breathe or move. ALWAYS use a Full Body Harness when using a treestand!
Open Sight
Combination of a bead or post front sight and a notched rear sight. These sights are simple and inexpensive. allow quick sighting.
Aperture (Peep) Sight
Combination of a bead or post front sight and a round hole set on the rifle's receiver close to the shooter's eye
pivot safety
Common on handguns and bolt-action rifles A pivoting lever or tab that blocks the trigger or firing pin Located on the frame (blocks trigger) or on the bolt or slide (blocks firing pin)
Fletching
Constructed either of plastic or real feathers, it provides stability for the arrow when in flight. The fletching is made up of three or four vanes per arrow.
When using muzzleloading firearms Fg, FFg, FFFg and FFFFg are examples of what?
Different granulation sizes of black powder
Before purchasing a bow why is it important to make sure you can pull the bow string back comfortably?
Difficulty in doing so will result in poor shot placement
Which of the following is the best definition of "ethics"?
Doing the right thing when no one is watching
where to put ground blinds
Downwind, based on the normal wind pattern during a given time of day, such as morning Away from the sun Where the foreground and background are safest
Draw length of a bow
Draw length describes the distance between the bow string and the grip at full draw. Bows come in different draw lengths, the most common being 26 inches, 27 inches, 28 inches and 29 inches. When purchasing a bow, it is very important to have it properly fitted by a reputable dealer. Every bow has a label describing how the bow is set up, with the string and cable length. It is usually located on the inside of the lower limb.
What happens if a bow does not fit the draw length?
Drawing a bow back that does not fit your draw length may result in damage to your bow.
what happens when drawing a bow that has too much draw weight on it?
Drawing back a bow that has too much draw weight may result in pulled muscles in your chest and shoulder areas or other damage to your shoulder.
Which statement about broadheads is true? Dress game with great caution until you find all parts of the broadhead. Use needle-nose pliers or locking pliers to screw on broadheads. Broadheads have a dull edge. Broadheads are risk-free.
Dress game with great caution until you find all parts of the broadhead.
What best describes wildlife management?
Ensuring the habitat and wildlife can replenish and sustain itself for the enjoyment of all
What is a safe way to unload a muzzleloader?
Fire it into a backstop.
Field dressing
Field dressing is the act of removing the entrails from the body cavity of a downed game animal. It is the best way to cool down a game animal in the field. When field dressing any animal, take great care not to cut through the intestines, bladder or stomach area, as urine and other sources of bacteria can cause contamination. To field dress big game, such as deer, you will need to make a cut in the skin starting just above the anus, and going right up to the base of the animal's jaw. This will allow you to remove the internal organs from the body cavity. Once the initial cut is made, take your time cutting the entrails from the backbone. When done properly, the entrails should come out as one large mass.Most big game animals have scent glands on their hind legs. The glands excrete a penetrating odor or musk. Avoid touching exposed meat if you touch these areas. Leave the glands on, and skin them off as you skin the entire hide later on. Field dressing of small game is a similar process. The initial cut is made from above the anus right to the breastbone. With one hand holding the animal, use your free hand to take out the internal organs from the body cavity. Once the animal is field dressed, allow the meat to cool in a well-ventilated area.Field dressing a game bird takes a different first step. Before making the initial cut, you will need to pluck the feathers from the bird's belly to expose the skin. The cut is made below the breastbone - you may then pull out the internal organs with your hands. Once the bird is field dressed, allow the meat to cool in a well-ventilated area. When you return to camp, hang the game animal from a tree or a specially designed rack. This allows the air to circulate, cooling the meat quicker. It also helps you to skin the animal. The best place to hang the game animal is a shed or refrigerator box that is kept at an optimum temperature. If the game animal is to be hung outside, wrap the animal in a game bag or cheese cloth to keep insects from landing on the meat.Dispose of the entrails in a way that will not offend others. Place them in a shallow depression and cover with leaves, or in a trash bag for later disposal. Once the animal is skinned, wash any dirt or blood from the meat. Next, dry the meat with paper towels or clean, dry rags. Let it air dry thoroughly. If a game animal is quartered, the meat can be placed in waterproof bags and placed in ice coolers. During hunting seasons, there are butchers that will skin and process game animals for you - all you need to do is field dress and transport it to their premises. Make sure you wear some type of latex or rubber gloves when handling a downed game animal. This not only keeps your hands cleaner, but also protects you from getting scratched and helps reduce the risk of contracting infections. Although unlikely, there is always a chance of harvesting a diseased animal. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), Lyme disease, and Rabies are three examples of infections that can potentially be transmitted to humans from a downed animal. Avoid harvesting an animal that appears sick. When field dressing, skinning or quartering the animal, do not cut through bones, brain tissue or the spinal cord. Always wash your hands, and any instrument used for field dressing.When transporting a game animal, place it in the back of a truck or on a vehicle rack with a cover over it to protect it from dirt and debris. Do not strap the game animal to the hood of a vehicle. Not only is it offensive to others and disrespectful to the game animal, the heat from the vehicle's engine will spoil the meat.
Which safety guideline for using bows is unique to the crossbow? Use a crossbow for short-range shooting only. Follow the safety rules for both firearms and bows. Never use a cracked arrow. Never dry fire a crossbow.
Follow the safety rules for both firearms and bows.
Mechanical Release
Functions like the trigger on a gun to ensure a decisive, frictionless release of the string for greater accuracy.
What are some advantages to using a treestand?
Gives a hunter a longer range of visibility, which allows more time to prepare for a safe shot.A hunter's scent remains in the canopy of the trees, instead of on the ground where it can give away a position to nearby animals.Game animals can detect even slight movements. In a treestand, the hunter can move without being easily detected.Blaze orange can be seen at greater distances in a treestand than on the ground, where the hunter's color(s) might be blocked by brush and debris.Shots taken by a hunter from a treestand are at a downward angle, so the bullet or arrow will go into the ground. This is especially important when hunting near homes and farms buildings
Roundnose Lead
Good Penetration, little expansion
Shooting a bow and arrow
Grasp an arrow just in front of the fletching and place it on the arrow rest. Line up the slot of the nock, ensuring the fletching is in the correct position for your arrow rest. Gently push the nock onto the string under the nock locator until you hear a click. This is called "nocking the arrow". Assume a shooting position, looking at the target. You can aim either by choosing your target instinctively or by attaching a mechanical sight to the bow for reference. Pull smoothly at the bow string to a full draw, anchoring the string to your anchor point. In a smooth motion while keeping your bow arm steady, release the string and hold your shooting position until the arrow hits the target. Bow hunters practice on a regular basis to maintain a high level of skill with shooting their bow. They will practice in conditions similar to those that are likely to be experienced in the field; with target arrows and also with the particular kind of arrow point they tend to use for hunting, as for example, the broadhead for hunting larger game, like deer.
What should be considered when sighting in a rifle?
Gravity, air resistance and energy loss all have an effect on the bullet's trajectory
What is illegal in california?
Have a loaded shotgun in a vehicle on a roadway
What are the three (3) main factors which might cause the meat on a harvested animal to spoil, making it unsafe to eat?
Heat, Dirt and Moisture
What are female turkeys called and how much do they weigh?
Hens and 7-11 lbs
Full Metal Jacket
High Penetration, No Expansion
What is the most important thing to remember if you happen to stumble or fall while carrying a firearm?
Hold on to the firearm and control the direction of the muzzle
Zones of fire
Hold your arms out in front of you at a 45-degree angle. As you look in front of you, the area in front of you starts out small and gets progressively larger into the distance. Your safe zone of fire is the space between your outstretched arms. It is important that you never swing the muzzle out of this zone of fire. If you do, there's a chance you will be pointing the muzzle of your firearm at another hunter.
In what type of situation are broadhead points most often used?
Hunting big game
After a person falls in the water, what is the condition called where their body begins to lose heat faster than it can create it?
Hypothermia
What do you do if more than one person falls in the water?
If other passengers are in the water as well, use the 'Huddle' technique to maintain body heat. Get the sides of everyone's chest close together with arms around the back and legs intertwined.
Surviving coldwater
If rescue is not imminent, your number one priority is to get yourself out of the water as soon as possible. You can do this either by climbing onto your capsized boat or any other floating objects, or if it is within reach by swimming to shore. The sooner you can get your body out of the water the greater your chances of survival will be. If you manage to make it to shore, be careful not to try and stand up if the current is too strong. Doing so can result in a shallow-water drowning - where a person's feet get caught in rocks or sand on the bottom, and the strong current forces their upper body underwater, causing the person to drown. If rescue is imminent - you should conserve energy and body heat. You may extend your survival time by wearing your lifejacket.
Alternate ways to clean your firearm
If the firearm has interchangeable barrels, remove the barrel and clean as previously indicated. If the firearm cannot be cleaned from the breech as with the lever-action firearm, you will have to clean it from the muzzle end. You can place a patch or a thin cloth in the action so that residue does not fall into the trigger and safety assemblies.
You remove a firearm from its storage location in your home. How should you handle the firearm?
Immediately point the muzzle in a safe direction.
A person with a broken leg must be moved. How should the broken leg be handled?
Immobilize the joint above and below the break. Don't straighten the limb, but splint it the way you found it.
California law about boats
In California, no person shall pursue, drive, herd or take any bird or mammal from any type of motor-driven air or land vehicles, motorboat, airboat, sailboat, or snow mobile, except when the motor of such motorboat, airboat or sailboat has been shut off and or the sails furled and its progress there from has ceased and it is drifting or resting at anchor or is being propelled by paddle, oar or pole.
Deer drives
In a deer drive, a party of hunters splits into two groups. One group lines up along the edge of the game cover - they're called the posters, and they don't move from their assigned positions. The other group are the drivers. They position themselves on the opposite side of the game cover and walk toward the posters. While walking through the cover, the drivers flush out game animals to the posters. If the drivers move slowly, the animals will also move slowly out of the cover. Usually drivers do not shoot at the animal.This technique is quite effective for cover that is not too thick. Each of the posters must clearly identify the animal they want to target before shouldering their firearm. The posters have to be careful and know their zone of fire. It's important to wear a blaze orange hat and vest and know where the other posters are located.
Shotgun stance
In a standing position with feet apart at shoulder width. For right-eye dominant shooters, the left leg will be slightly forward and the left foot pointed toward the anticipated target. For left-eye dominant shooters, the right leg will be slightly forward and the right foot will be turned slightly. The hunter bends forward at the waist. The forward leg of the hunter is bent slightly, not locked.The hunter raises the shotgun to the cheek under the dominant eye first and then back to the shoulder. The positioning of the shotgun on the cheek is critical. If the shotgun is not placed correctly against the cheek, the shot will either be high or low.A general rule to follow is that the stock be held comfortably - not too tight or too loose - against the cheek, just under the cheekbone. The hunter's head has to be held straight, not canted to the left or right.
Projectile (Bullet)
In rifles and handguns, a bullet serves as the projectile. It fits into the top of the cartridge case and is fired through the barrel of the firearm. The bullet is usually made out of lead and may have a copper jacket. The most common types for hunting are the pointed soft point, rounded soft point, hollow point and polymer tip.
Standing position
In this position, the hunter's arms are not supported, making it difficult to take an accurate shot. With this position, there is an exaggerated movement of the barrel. Some hunters will use a tree, large stone or a "shooting stick" as a prop to help ensure an accurate shot.
Bolt-Action Rifle: bore
Inside of the firearm barrel through which the projectile travels when fired
You are shooting a muzzleloader. A hang fire happens. What should you do?
Keep the gun pointed downrange.
What actions should the safe hunter take in the case of a hangfire (when the trigger is pulled and the firearm does not discharge)?
Keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction and wait at least 60 seconds before unloading
What is the best way to treat a snakebite?
Keep the victim calm. Take him or her to a hospital.
What is the correct treatment for shock?
Keep the victim lying down. Loosen any restrictive clothing.
If a hunter gets lost, what is necessary?
Keeping a positive mental attitude is crucial in wilderness survival
Which of the following describes a proper way to prepare for a hunting trip? Learn as much as you can about the hunting area before you arrive. Rely on your hunting instincts and prior experience. Load all firearms prior to driving or boating to the hunting area. Pack a cooler of beer to enjoy during the hunting trip.
Learn as much as you can about the hunting area before you arrive.
Adhere to legal hunting hours in CA
Legal shooting hours for big game in California are from one half hour before sunrise to one half hour after sunset.
Data stamp for shotguns
Like rifles, shotguns have a data stamp usually located on the right or left side of the barrel. It indicates the gauge and maximum length of the shotshell that can be fired safely. Gauge and shell length are also shown on the shell base and box. A shotgun used for shot features a smoothbore barrel, meaning that there is no rifling. Rifles can be used for short and long distances. Shotguns are highly accurate for shorter distances.
If the safe hunter is alone, which of the following would be the safe and correct procedure for boarding a watercraft for a hunting excursion?
Load all firearms and equipment before boarding
Lever or pivot safety
Located either on the bolt or just behind the bolt handle on the frame of the receiver, it blocks the firing pin when engaged. On some firearms, the lever safety located on the bolt will have three positions. The back position (i.e., toward the shooter), does not allow the bolt to be opened, and the firearm will not fire. In the middle position, the bolt can be cycled, but the firearm cannot be fired. In the forward position, the safety is OFF, and the firearm can be fired. Other safeties feature only two positions - ON and OFF. These types of safeties are marked either with green and red dots or with an "F" for fire or an "S" for safe.
Fish Point
Long, barbed or spring-loaded arrowhead that spears fish and secures them until landed with an attached line.
Crest
Markings indicating the manufacturer of the arrow, the model number of the arrow shaft and in some cases the specific arrow measurements for the diameter and thickness.
What is the FINAL step in correctly matching ammunition to a firearm?
Match the information on the barrel to the information on the cartridge or shotshell.
Which of the following is the best way to make sure you have proper ammunition for your firearm?
Match the information on the firearm's barrel to the information on the cartridge or shot-shell before you shoot
Safety
Mechanical device that blocks the trigger or hammer to help prevent accidental firing
Bolt-Action Rifle: receiver
Metal housing for the working parts of the action
What is a characteristic of a break-action pistol?
Most are designed for a single shot
recurve bow
Much like the longbow, but the limbs curve back away from the belly of the bow, which can provide more power in a shorter bow than the longbow A popular choice because it's smooth and quiet
Which of the following statements is true? When a hang fire or misfire happens, immediately eject the cartridge or shell to clear the chamber. Magnum loads should be fired occasionally in all firearms to clean out the barrel. A hang fire is when the primer fails to ignite the powder. Never carry more than one caliber or gauge of ammunition at the same time.
Never carry more than one caliber or gauge of ammunition at the same time.
What are the fundamentals of safe shooting?
Observe safe firearm handling rules.Learn how to properly adjust sights on a rifle.Learn different shooting positions.Learn how to pattern a shotgun.Learn how to point and shoot a shotgun. Understand that practice is one of the keys to safe shooting.
Where is the hammer located on this muzzleloading firearm?
On the back of the barrel before the stock
Where is the muzzle located?
On the tip of the gun/barrel
Wad column
Placed between the powder and the projectiles, it is made of plastic or paper and provides a seal so that the gases from the burning powder do not escape past the shot.
cradle carry
Placing the firearm across your chest, rest its action in the bend of your arm. Next, grasp the butt of the firearm with your other hand or cover the trigger guard. It's a very comfortable position. If there is another hunter walking beside you, make sure that each muzzle is pointed in a safe direction.
shooting a shotgun
Point a shotgun. Focus your eye on the target. Pull the trigger.
four primary rules
Point the muzzle in a safe direction. Treat every firearm with the respect due a loaded gun. Be sure of the target and what is in front of it and beyond it. Keep your finger outside the trigger guard until ready to shoot.
What would be an example of the actions of an ethical hunter?
Practicing marksmanship before the hunting season to ensure a clean, swift harvest of a targeted animal
Which of the following describes safe handling of a muzzleloader? Wear eye and ear protection when shooting a muzzleloader. Load a muzzleloader with several charges at a time. Prime a muzzleloader well before firing. Blow down the muzzle to clear powder residue.
Prime a muzzleloader well before firing.
What are the different types of shooting positions?
Prone, sitting, standing, kneeling, handgun shooting,
two-hand carry
Provides the best control of the firearm. One hand holds the firearm's grip and the other is on the forearm of the firearm. This is sometimes referred to as the ready carry. It gives the hunter the best control of the muzzle, and the firearm can be shouldered quickly.
Double Action
Pulling the trigger both cocks and releases the hammer. A double action revolver typically also can be hammer-cocked like a single-action revolver
Which of the following is a proper way to treat hypothermia?
Replace wet clothing with dry clothing.
How a centerfire cartridge is fired?
Rifle bores (inside a firearm's barrel) have lands (ridges between grooves inside a rifled barrel) and grooves (the spiral cuts in a rifles's bore) that spiral down the entire length of the barrel, giving the bullet or projectile a spin, which stabilizes it as it travels down the barrel. It works much the way that a football spirals when thrown by a quarterback.
What is the main difference between centerfire and rimfire ammunition? Centerfire ammunition is used for muzzleloaders. Centerfire ammunition is limited to low pressure loads. Rimfire cartridges are reloadable. Rimfire primer is in the rim of the casing.
Rimfire primer is in the rim of the casing.
How to cross a fence alone?
Safe hunters always unload their firearms before crossing an obstacle, then they reload after the obstacle has been safely crossed. 1. unload your firearm first 2. while protecting the muzzle from debris, place your firearm on the ground with the muzzle pointed in a safe direction away from where you plan to cross the fence. 3. Cross the fence away from the muzzle, retrieve your firearm, check the barrel for obstructions, load, engage the safety and continue your hunt.
Once in the treestand which of the following should be done first?
Secure the safety harness
What should be done immediately if a safe hunter is bit by a snake that has been identified as being poisonous?
Seek medical attention
When crossing a fence or other obstacle alone, what should you do with your firearm once it is unloaded?
Set the firearm on the ground, pointing the muzzle away from where you are crossing
Why are shotgun slugs used in semi-rural areas?
Shotgun slugs are used in semi-rural areas since they tend to travel less far than high-power rifle cartridges. To increase a slug's accuracy, it is recommended to use a shotgun with a rifled barrel, or to use a rifled choke.
Bead Sight
Simple round bead set into the top of the barrel near the muzzle of a shotgun.
Break Action
Simple to load and unload, chosen as a hunter's first firearm.
Single strap harness
Single strap harnesses should not be considered as a safe harness. These kind of harnesses cause severe restriction in the chest area, making it difficult to breathe or move. ALWAYS use a Full Body Harness when using a treestand!
What are the two basic styles of firearm actions?
Single-shot and repeating
Trigger
Small level that is squeezed to start the firing process
Telescopic Sight (Scope)
Small telescope mounted on your firearm
What is the purpose of the fletching (on the end) on an arrow?
Stabilizes the arrow while in flight.
Choose the true statement about steel shot versus lead shot.
Steel shot weighs about two-thirds as much.
S.T.O.P. is an important acronym that all safe hunters should remember in case they become lost. What does it stand for?
Stop, Think, Observe, Plan
You are shooting at a moving target. You estimate the length of lead necessary to hit the target. You maintain that lead as you swing with the target. You fire and continue the swing. This method of shooting is called:
Sustained lead
What are the different types of sights?
Telescopic, aperture or peep sight, open sight
gauge
Term used to designate bore diameter of a shotgun; gauge is the number of lead balls with diameters equal to the diameter of the bore that, when combined, weigh one pound
Recurve crossbow
The Recurve is another popular style of crossbow. Similar to the recurve bow, it features limbs that sweep back and forward at the tips, giving it more potential energy. There are no wheels or cams to break and no cables and cable savers to change. Recurve Crossbows are also generally lighter than the compound crossbows. This style also uses a bolt which is held in place by a retention spring. Before using, read and follow the manufacturer's instructions.
load
The amount of gunpowder in the cartridge or shotshell together with the weight of the bullet or shot charge.
What is the purpose of the 150-yard safety zone around any dwelling?
The area where a hunter cannot discharge his or her firearm
Distinctive Markings
The black cheek patch on male pronghorns; the "flags" of the white-tailed deer; the face pattern on a gray fox; the green head on a mallard drake; the red, white, and blue on the head of a male turkey
Choose the true statement about bows. An arrow shot from a modern bow will never pass through an animal. Modern bows can only shoot arrows at less than 50 miles per hour. The bow is a short-range hunting tool. The bow is a long-range hunting tool.
The bow is a short-range hunting tool.
What information is usually stamped on the side of a rifle's barrel?
The caliber of the firearm
case
The container that holds all the other ammunition components together.
Case
The container that holds all the other ammunition components together. It's usually made of brass, steel, copper, paper, or plastic
How is the caliber of a rifle or handgun determined?
The distance between opposite lands inside the barrel
What is meant by the term 'Draw Length'?
The distance between the bow string and the grip at full draw
In order to become an accomplished marksman, what does a hunter need to learn first?
The fundamentals of firearm safety
When choosing the projectile to use in a muzzleloader, what factors should the safe hunter take into consideration?
The game being hunted and the manufacturer's recommendations
Three hunters are walking side by side. Which of the following would be safe? The hunter in the center uses the trail carry. The hunter in the center uses the cradle carry. All three hunters point their guns to the right. The hunter on the right points his or her gun to the left.
The hunter in the center uses the trail carry.
Which of the following is one of the advantages of using a treestand?
The hunter shoots toward the ground which acts as a backstop
Projectile
The object(s) expelled from the barrel. A bullet is a projectile, usually containing lead, fired through a rifle or handgun barrel. Shot is a group of lead, steel, tungsten alloy, or bismuth pellets fired through a shotgun barrel.
arrowhead
The point of the arrow. Many different kinds of arrow points are available, each with a different purpose and advantage.
When a rifle fires, a sequence of events takes place. After the firing pin strikes the primer, what is the next event in the sequence?
The primer explodes and sparks the gunpowder.
Stringing a bow
The safest way to string a long bow or recurve bow is to use a bow stringer. The first time you string a bow, you should have an experienced bowhunter present to show you how to do it correctly. Practice is key to developing this skill.
Tether (safety) strap for a tree
The second component to the Fall Arrest System (FAS) is the tether strap that attaches to the tree. This is the anchor point for the safety harness. When the hunter is standing on the platform this safety strap should be attached to the tree at eye level or above. There should be NO slack in the tether when sitting. Having no slack in the tether will prevent the hunter from falling more than a few inches. It is much better to fall a few inches than several feet.
Self climb stand
The self-climbing stand is highly portable and is available in many styles. It can be carried like a backpack into the woods on the day of the hunt and used in different locations, depending on the hunting conditions. To install it in a tree, a hunter uses a push-down, pull-up method. It requires practice to become proficient with how this stand operates, so it's wise to practice at ground level before hunting season begins. A safety strap is required when climbing with this stand, so select a tree that does not have loose or peeling bark.The hunter stands on the bottom platform and pulls the seat section up to waist level. He or she then sits on the seat and raises the bottom platform up to the bottom of the seat section. The hunter then stands on the bottom platform and pulls the seat section up to waist level. This action is repeated until the hunter reaches the desired height.Safety Tips for Self-Climbing Stands:Attach your FAS/FBH to the tree before leaving the ground.Attach the seating and standing platforms in a slightly upward direction to compensate for the narrowing of the tree trunk as you go up.Connect both the seating and standing platforms together to prevent the platforms from separating, leaving you stranded. As you ascend or descend, move the tree belt anchorage with you. Never hurry. Take short, distinct bites.
A 20-gauge shell is placed in a 12-gauge shotgun. What is the danger?
The shell could lodge in the barrel and cause serious personal injury
shot pattern shot pattern
The spread of shot pellets after they hit a non-moving target
shot string
The three-dimensional spread of shot pellets after they leave the barrel
Limbs on a bow
The upper or lower part of the bow that bends when the string is drawn back. The limbs store the energy when the bow is held at full draw. Never release a bow string without an arrow nocked in place. This is called "dry firing" a bow. Doing so can cause serious damage to the bow and/or injury to the shooter and bystanders.
Serving
The wrapping of material in the center of the string to protect the string from wear. The nock locator attaches to the serving.
Which statement concerning rare, threatened, or endangered species is true?
These species are fully protected by law.
Which of the following is one of the most important roles played by predatory animals?
They act as a control for other wildlife populations
Why is a break-action firearm a good choice for novice hunters?
They have a limit on shots per use
When participating in a man drive, what is an important consideration that drivers should follow?
They should avoid firing at the animals since they may also be firing in the direction of the stages
Recurve Bow
This bow features limbs that sweep back and then forward at the tips toward both the bow string and the grip. It is easier for the novice archer to use, since its curved limbs give it more potential energy. When pulling back a recurve to a full draw, an archer experiences less hand shock and vibration than with a long bow. However, unlike the compound bow, this bow does not have a "let off point" meaning that the archer will still feel the total draw weight of the bow throughout the entire draw. When the string is released, the limbs and string move in a forward direction. The stored energy in both parts of the limb is released very quickly, propelling the arrow to the target at high speed.
Modified choke
This choke is not as tight as the full choke and is used for mid-range shots, usually between 30 and 40 yards.
Bolt Action
This firearm has a reputation for high accuracy. It is the strongest action. It is operated by moving the bolt handle up and to the rear to open the action. When the bolt is moved forward, it picks up a fresh cartridge. With the bolt fully forward, push down on it to lock the bolt in place. Engage the safety and you are ready to hunt. Grasp the bolt handle after firing, lifting it up while pulling it towards you. This will eject the spent cartridge from the chamber.Bolt and lever action firearms are found mainly in rifles.
Parachute or full-body harness
This harness is just as safe and offers the same type of protection as the Vest-harness when used properly, however there are many straps and buckles involved. Always check and re-check your harness to ensure that it is properly secured, before you start climbing up into the treestand.
Tower stand
This is a freestanding stand, featuring either three or four legs, depending on the manufacturer. A ladder is included with this stand to access the top platform, where the seat is attached. The tower stand is best suited for the edge of a field or in open country. It requires a strong, level, firm base and needs to be secured to the ground.
Still Hunting
This is a technique in which a hunter moves slowly through a hunting area looking for game animals. By moving slowly and stopping frequently to look and listen, there's a greater chance of spotting game. It works very well on windy or rainy days. A hunter must take great care with every step. Game animals are alerted quickly by unfamiliar sounds and could run away if they sense danger. Hunters take advantage of all trees, blow downs, thickets and undergrowth to hide movement and to break up their outline in the woods. They are also mindful of wind direction. Remember the old saying about keeping the wind on your face. It's true. Because if the wind is blowing against you, your scent will be behind you rather than in the path of the game you wish to spot and harvest.
Kneeling position
This is an adaptation of the standing position, in which the hunter uses a rest to steady the firearm. The hunter will experience less barrel movement - a key to accurate shot placement.
Sitting position
This is the next-best position for steadiness. With legs crossed at the ankles, the hunter's knees gives support to the arms. But a hunter's legs will start to shake if this position is held for a lengthy period
Arrow point
This is the point or tip of the arrow. The particular arrow point you choose is determined by the game species you will be hunting.
Vest type harness
This is the safest, most reliable harness a hunter can use. It is very easy for any hunter to use - simply slip it on, adjust the straps and fasten the clips. Unlike the simple belt or chest harness, it is strapped around the shoulders, waist and legs so that in the event of a fall from a treestand, pressure is distributed across a larger area of the hunter's body, helping to ensure a quick recovery with less chance of injury.
Prone position
This is the steadiest of all positions, because it supports both the firearm and the hunter's upper body. The hunter's hips and legs provide a stable platform. This position is very comfortable and should be used to practice the fundamentals of good shooting.
Full choke
This is the tightest choke and therefore has the tightest shot pattern. It keeps the pellets together over a greater distance and is therefore used for longer shots, generally beyond 40 yards.
Ladder stand
This stand is safer to enter and exit thanks to the ladder, but it may require three people to install and secure it properly to a tree.Ranging between 12 and 16 feet in height, it is ideal when hunting on well-established game trails. Some ladder stands have a small seat and platform for one hunter. Others feature a larger seat and platform for two hunters. A skirt can also be purchased, which will conceal the hunter's movements. Some ladder stands feature a bar that can be used as a gun rest.Safety Tips for Ladder Stands:Ladder stands should include criss-cross straps, standoff brackets or other means of securing the ladder to the tree before climbing to the platform. Ladder sections must be securely held together with retainer pins, clips, or some other device to prevent the ladder sections from coming apart unexpectedly. Ladder stands can require up to 3 persons to install or remove correctly. Don't risk your safety or the safety of others by attempting to install or remove it yourself. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions. ALWAYS lean forward and maintain three points of contact while climbing the ladder. Example: Two hands, one foot. As you approach the top of the ladder, attach the FAS/FBH tether to the tree as soon as possible.
sling carry
This takes advantage of the sling attachments on your firearm. Attach a sling, making sure it fits, and place the rifle over your shoulder while grasping the sling with your hand. This is a great carry when traveling over long distances. If you bend over to pick up an object, remember that the muzzle is now pointed in front of you.
Hammer at half-cock safety
This type of safety is not as common as those listed above. It is typically found among lever action and break action firearms or antique and replica firearms. In the half-cock position, the hammer does not rest on the firing pin and the trigger is locked. When the hammer is pulled all the way back into the cocked position, the firearm can be fired. Be sure to check the owner's manual as some manufacturer's firearms are only safe when the hammer is in the "fully forward" position.
Compound crossbow
Though it works on the same principle as a compound bow with wheels and cams, the Compound Crossbow has a unique design. It features a trigger mechanism that holds the string in place until the archer releases its projectile, known as the bolt. A crossbow frame resembles a rifle stock and features a top rail for attaching a telescopic sight. The bolt rests on the rail and is held in place by a retention spring. The limbs function similar to a compound bow, but are much shorter. Before using, read and follow the manufacturer's instructions. cant use for hunting
What is the purpose of a magazine on a firearm?
To act as a storage device for cartridges or shot shells
What is the purpose of hanging a harvested game animal from a tree or specially designed rack?
To allow air to circulate, cooling the meat quicker
What was the purpose of the Pittman-Robertson Act?
To collect and redistribute taxes collected to improve wildlife management practices and to educate hunters.
What is the purpose of a tether strap?
To connect the safety harness to the tree
What is the purpose of having lands and grooves inside the barrel of a rifle?
To give the bullet or projectile spin to increase accuracy
What is the purpose of hunter education?
To help learn safe and responsible hunting
What purpose does the case of a rifle or handgun cartridge serve?
To hold all of its components together
When hunting for wild turkey, why is it important to mark your ground blind or hunting spot with orange blaze?
To identify your presence to other hunters
how to operate a lever action
To open the action, push the lever downward and forward, which extracts the cartridge case from the chamber and ejects it. If a magazine holds extra cartridges, another is immediately ready to be loaded into the chamber
What is one of the main purposes of a topographic map?
To provide a graphic representation of the earth's surface
When hunting with a shotgun, what is the purpose of the swing-through method?
To spread the shot in front of a moving target
What is an important consideration when hunting from a treestand?
Treestands should be regularly inspected, and not used if they show any sign of damage
What should you do if you fall overboard into cold water?
Try to reboard your boat, even if it is swamped.
Stalking
Unlike still hunting, stalking is used when a hunter is following fresh game or animal signs, or has seen game in the distance. These signs might be fresh tracks in the dirt or leaves; they could also be scat or rub lines along a known game trail. If a hunter spots game animals in the distance, the stalking technique helps him or her to move closer and set up for a safe shot. Stalking requires the same approach used by still hunting. A hunter moves very slowly, facing the wind and being mindful of footing to avoid breaking twigs or slipping.
Which of the following describes safe handling of a firearm? Lean the firearm against a vehicle. Unload and case the firearm before transporting it. Transport the firearm in a window gun rack whenever possible. Leave the firearm in plain sight in an unoccupied vehicle to deter thieves.
Unload and case the firearm before transporting it.
You are getting ready to carry a firearm on a boat. What is the first step you should take? Hand the firearm to a person in the boat. Put the firearm's safety on. Unload the firearm and keep the action open. Place the firearm in the rear of the boat with its muzzle facing forward.
Unload the firearm and keep the action open.
trail carry
Use this carry only when no one is in front of you. Grasp the stock with one hand, just in front of the action. Ensure the muzzle is pointed away and in front of you. This positions the muzzle toward the ground but does not offer good control of the firearm. Be careful that the muzzle does not hit the ground - if it does, you have to check the barrel for an obstruction.
Blunt Point
Used for small game hunting and some types of target shooting; made of steel, hard rubber, or plastic.
Pump or Slide Action
Used in both shotguns and rifles, pump action allows a hunter to quickly eject and chamber new ammunition. It is typically loaded from the bottom into a tubular magazine. The action is opened when the forearm is pulled back to the rear of the firearm. Pushing the forearm forward moves the ammunition from the magazine into the chamber and closes the action so that the firearm is loaded and ready to be fired. On most pump-actions, a slide lever located by the trigger guard releases the action so you can inspect the chamber or unload the firearm.
When do you use a type IV throwable device?
Used in calm, inland water where help is present. It is kept onboard to assist anyone who should fall into the water. The type IV PFD is not designed to be worn and thus, is not a substitute for the wearable PFD required for everyone onboard a watercraft.
Broadhead
Used primarily for big game hunting. The number of steel blades it contains may vary. The only arrowhead that may be used for big game hunting is the broadhead. It must be solidly built and always razor-sharp. Many states have laws governing the minimum diameter and number of cutting edges of the broadhead used to hunt big game.
Which of the following describes safe handling of a muzzleloader?
Wear eye and ear protection when shooting a muzzleloader
When u know a firearms effective killing range, you can determine:
When a shot will give a clean kill
Safety rules for hunting with dogs
When hunting with a dog, everyone in the hunting party must treat the dog as a fellow hunter. Always be aware of where the dog is, and adhere to both vertical and horizontal zones of fire as well as identification of the target, and what lies in front of, and beyond, that target. Any leashes or tethers that you might be using to transport the dog MUST be removed from the dog while hunting.A hunting dog should always wear a collar, which includes information such as the dog's name, and the owner's phone number. Blaze orange vests made out of cloth and neoprene can be purchased for the hunting dog to wear, which will help other hunters see the dog, and can also help keep the dog warm and protect them from injury. For large and small game animals, beagles and hounds are used to run game animals in the direction of a hunter. When released, the dog travels through the cover and moves the game towards the hunter or hunters staged at certain locations. This technique works well in thick cover or a swamp that a hunter cannot walk through.
Which statement is true? Anyone who can hit a target from a bench rest can hit the same target while standing or kneeling. A 24-inch circle is about the same size as the vital area of a deer. When hunting, limit your shots to your most accurate range. Before hunting, practice hitting a target at one-half the distance you expect to shoot in the field.
When hunting, limit your shots to your most accurate range.
When do you use a tower stand?
When in the corner of a field
When is the safety off?
When red is visible! RED MEANS DEAD!
What happens when you squeeze the trigger?
When squeezed, the trigger releases the firing pin to hit the primer on a firearm's cartridge, igniting the powder and sending the bullet down the barrel. The trigger guard protects the trigger.
During what step in the firing process would the gunpowder be ignited?
When the firing pin strikes the primer
What is a characteristic of a flintlock muzzleloader?
When the trigger is pulled the hammer causes the flint to strike the frizzen, creating a shower of sparks
Choose the true statement about a firearm's maximum projectile range. Knowing a firearm's range is critical only when firing a shotgun. Knowing a firearm's range is critical only when firing a rifle or handgun. When you know a firearm's range, you know how far the bullet or shot can travel and still cause injury. When you know a firearm's range, you know how close you need to be to hit your target every time.
When you know a firearm's range, you know how far the bullet or shot can travel and still cause injury.
When firing a handgun while standing, how should it be held to provide the maximum amount of control?
With both hands out in front of you
standing
With neither arm supported, this is the most difficult position for firing an accurate shot. Rather than trying to hold the barrel steady, which is impossible, try to keep movement of the barrel to as small an area as possible. Smooth, natural motion will produce the best shot.
kneeling
With only one arm braced, the kneeling position is less steady than the prone and sitting positions.
When do you wear type III flotation aid?
Worn as a jacket in calm, inland water where there is a good chance of rescue
When do you wear type I offshore life jackets?
Worn in all water, especially open, rough or remote waters where rescue can be delayed
When do you wear a type III flotation aid sportsman coat?
Worn in calm, inland water where there is a good chance of rescue
When do you wear type II flotation aids?
Worn in calm, inland water where there is a good chance of rescue
When do you wear type II near-shore buoyant vests?
Worn near shore in calm, inland water where there is a good chance of rescue
You get lost in extremely cold weather. You are unable to start a fire. Which of the following is the best way to survive? Wrap up in a thermal foil blanket. Cover yourself in snow for insulation. Change from wool to cotton clothing if available. Exercise vigorously to stay warm.
Wrap up in a thermal foil blanket.
What is the correct treatment for second-degree or third-degree burns with open blisters? Immerse in ice. Immerse in cold water. Cover with butter. Wrap with a loose, dry dressing.
Wrap with a loose, dry dressing.
You need to clear an obstruction from your firearm. What is the proper tool to use?
a cleaning rod
You need to clear an obstruction from your firearm. What is the proper tool to use? needle-nose pliers locking pliers a cleaning rod a pipe cleaner
a cleaning rod
Which of the following would be a good spot to store ammunition? a warm, humid location a cool, dry location an unlocked case a paper bag
a cool, dry location
rib
a raised surface along the top of the barrel which is a sighting plane
Improved Cylinder
a slight constriction. It allows the shot string to spread fairly quickly. This is a good choice for quail, rabbits, and other upland game at relatively close ranges.
slug
a solid projectile, usually of lead, used for hunting big game with a shotgun.
How often should a firearm be cleaned to keep it in top condition?
after each use
Wild turkey hunting safety
always wear blaze orange when heading to and from hunting site, always identify target and what is beyond it, do not wear red, white, blue or black. Sit with your back against a tree at least as wide as your shoulders.Clearly mark all sides of your blind or hunting spot with blaze orange.Do not shoot at sound.When another hunter approaches do not move. Shout out loudly to identify yourself Never stalk a turkey. Call them to you. The sounds you hear might be another hunter.Do not place decoys where you may be in the line of fire of another hunter. Carry your turkey out of the woods in a bag or wrapped in blaze orange cloth.
You sit concealed in one spot above the level of your quarry. This hunting strategy uses:
an elevated stand
You are shooting a rifle or handgun. What is the best way to pull the trigger for an accurate shot?
apply slow, steady pressure until the gun fires
You are shooting a rifle or handgun. What is the best way to pull the trigger for an accurate shot? pull quickly with sudden pressure pull quickly with only the fingertip apply slow, steady pressure until the gun fires apply small, fast jerks of pressure until the gun fires
apply slow, steady pressure until the gun fires
Shot pellets
are designed to spread, just as with today's shotguns.
bullets
are preferred for hunting because they are generally more accurate at certain ranges.
When patterning a shotgun, what is a sufficient percentage of pellets within a 30-inch circle?
at least 55% of the load, with even distribution
Tether
attaches the harness to the tree strap
action bar
attaches the moveable fore stock to the cocking/loading mechanism
Rifles, shotguns, and handguns differ mostly based on their: barrels and ammunition barrels and safeties actions and stocks actions and ammunition
barrels and ammunition
What powder is the the only kind that should be used in the muzzleloader?
black powder or synthetic substitute
What is the best way to purify water? chemical purifiers filter systems solar still boiling
boiling
Parts of a bow string
bow string, string silencer, kisser button, serving, nock locator, release aid loop
What arrow head do you use for hunting big game?
broadhead
Types of arrow points
bullet points, blunt points, field points, judo points, fishing points, broadhead points
How can you show respect for natural resources?
by following game laws and regulations
How can you show respect for non-hunters?
by transporting animals without displaying them
___ is a term that describes the size of a rifle or handgun bore. This term also describes the size of cartridges used with different bores.
caliber
A firearm safety: is intended for use only by inexperienced hunters is foolproof can prevent all accidental shootings can be bumped from the safe position
can be bumped from the safe position
There are several ways to carry a gun. The elbow carry:
can cause the gun to snag in brushy terrain
What are the basic parts of ammunition?
case, primer, powder, and projectile
minutes of angles
clicks in a certain direction for your sight
Which type of bow uses wheels and cables, and is the most popular bow for hunting and target shooting? compound bow recurve bow longbow crossbow
compound bow
magazine
container on a repeating firearm that hold ammunition before it's loaded into the chamber
in-line muzzleloader
either primer or a percussion cap is placed on the nipple or breech plug. An ignition system that is in direct alignment with the bore of the firearm causes the cap to ignite the black powder charge, and the gun fires
the cardinal rule
every gun must be treated as if it were loaded
you're ready to shoot a rifle. You should draw a deep breath and then:
exhale halfway
When sighting-in a rifle:
fire the rifle from a solid bench rest
When sighting-in a rifle: use lighter ammunition than you plan to use when hunting examine the target and adjust the sight after each shot fire the rifle from a solid bench rest rest the barrel of the rifle on a sandbag
fire the rifle from a solid bench rest
Arrows have plastic vanes or feathers that provide stability and accuracy in flight. What is the name for these vanes or feathers? fletching nock nocking point crest
fletching
What is the term for continuing to squeeze the trigger after the bullet fires?
follow through
What is the term for continuing to squeeze the trigger after the bullet fires? follow through trigger squeeze breathing parallax
follow through
How should a downed deer or other large animal be approached?
from above and behind the headWhat should you do as soon as possible after tagging game?
Which shotgun choke has the tightest shot pattern?
full
Which is the safest device to use while climbing a tree or in a tree stand?
full-body harness
To survive, every animal needs a proper arrangement of food, water, cover, and space. These items make up the animal's:
habitat
Roundnose Lead
handgun- Good penetration, little expansion
Full Metal Jacket
handgun- High penetration, no expansion
Rimfire ammunition
has the primer contained in the rim of the ammunition casing. Rimfire ammunition is limited to low-pressure loads. Rimfire cartridges are not reloadable.
While outdoors, you drink plenty of water, take frequent breaks, and shed layers as you warm up. These are steps to prevent: hypothermia snakebite heat exhaustion frostbite
heat exhaustion
There are four main causes of hunting incidents. One of these causes is:
hunter judgment mistakes
There are four main causes of hunting incidents. One of these causes is: hunter judgment mistakes crowded hunting grounds using the wrong gunpowder target practice
hunter judgment mistakes
four main causes of hunting accidents
hunter judgment, safety violations, lack of practice, mechanical failure
stalking
hunting by following signs leading
Firearm incidents, rough terrain, climate extremes, and getting lost are examples of:
hunting risks that a hunter can prepare for
What is the number one cause of outdoor fatalities?
hypothermia
Centerfire ammunition
is used for rifles, shotguns, and handguns. In this type of ammunition, the primer is located in the center of the casing base. Most centerfire ammunition is reloadable.
There are four main causes of hunting incidents. Which cause is most likely to lead to accidental discharges and stray shots? a. ignoring firearm safety rules b. lack of control and practice c. judgment mistakes d. mechanical failure
lack of control and practice
rifle barrel
long and has thick walls with spiraling grooves cut into the bore
shotgun barrel
long and made of fairly thin steel that is very smooth on the inside to allow the shot and wad to glide down the barrel without friction
Which type of bow has straight limbs that form an arc when strung?
longbow
traditional slugs
look like screws.
What is prone position?
lying on your belly shooting
A compass always points to:
magnetic north
which of the following is the best way to make sure you have the proper ammunition for your firearm?
match the information on the firearm's barrel to the information on the cartridge or shotshell before you shoot
Firearm
mechanical device that uses pressure from a burning powder to force a projectile through and out of a metal tube
There are four main causes of hunting incidents. Which cause includes having an obstructed barrel or improper ammunition? ignoring firearm safety rules lack of control and practice judgment mistakes mechanical failure
mechanical failure
Types of releases
mechanical release, shooting glove
handgun: ejector rod
metal rod used to help with the removal of cartridges
cartridge
modern rifle ammunition, a case contain gin primer, gunpowder, and a bullet
What type of treestand is considered unsafe and should never be used by hunters?
permanent stand
You wait for game while sitting or standing in one spot. This hunting strategy is called:
posting
Which of the following is a building block of good marksmanship?
practice
good marksmanship
practice, proper shooting techniques, proper sight adjustment
Centerfire cartridge
projectile, case, gunpowder, primer inserted in casing base
There are four standard rifle firing positions. Which position is best for learning the fundamentals of shooting? standing prone kneeling sitting
prone
Hunters reduce surplus wildlife populations. Hunters play an additional role in wildlife management by:
providing wildlife managers with information from the field
Which type of bow has limbs that curve away from the belly of the bow?
recurve bow
Wheel lock ignition
replaced the wick of the matchlock in the 1500s. When the trigger is pulled, a coiled spring forces the rough-edged steel wheel to spin against a piece of iron pyrite, creating sparks to ignite the powder in the priming pan.
One way of shooting a bow is the bowsight aiming method. This method: takes longer to perfect than the instinctive aiming method is more versatile than the instinctive aiming method requires the ability to accurately judge distances allows the shooter to keep both eyes open while aiming the bow
requires the ability to accurately judge distances
The second rule of firearm safety is "Treat every firearm with the _______ due a loaded gun."
respect
Bullets spin when shot from a rifle or handgun. What causes this spinning?
rifling
Which type of bullet is recommended for rifles with a tubular magazine?
rounded soft point
Don't panic if you get lost. Never leave camp without fire-starting equipment. Always bring a map and compass. Always tell someone where you are going. These are:
rules of survival
Don't panic if you get lost. Never leave camp without fire-starting equipment. Always bring a map and compass. Always tell someone where you are going. These are: rules of firearms safety rules of survival basic hunting strategies basic camping guidelines
rules of survival
What is the best prevention against careless behavior when hunting? self-esteem self-control self-respect self-denial
self-control
mechanical release
snaps onto the string and is pulled back with the shooting hand. The archer pulls a trigger to release the string.
What is it called when a hunter follows game, or fresh animal signs from a distance, approaching gradually for a clean shot?
stalking
What is a data stamp?
stamp on the firearm's barrel, and on the base of the ammunition indicating caliber or gauge.
There are four standard rifle firing positions. Which position provides the LEAST support?
standing
What shooting position is commonly used when hunting with a shotgun?
standing position
still hunting
stay still and wait, posting
handgun: cylinder
storage for ammunition
You are shooting at a moving target. You estimate the length of lead necessary to hit the target. You maintain that lead as you swing with the target. You fire and continue the swing. This method of shooting is called:
sustained lead
You are shooting at a moving target. You estimate the length of lead necessary to hit the target. You maintain that lead as you swing with the target. You fire and continue the swing. This method of shooting is called: swing-through sustained lead snap-shooting sight alignment
sustained lead
What is a caliber?
the distance between opposite lands inside the barrel of a rifle or handgun.
The Action
the heart of the firearm—the moving parts that load, fire, and eject the shells or cartridges. Several types of actions are used in modern firearms. Muzzleloaders have locks instead.
The smaller the shot "number,"
the larger the pellet diameter.
The Barrel
the metal tube that the projectile travels through (bullets travel through these of rifles and handguns; shot travels through this of shotguns).
Hunting laws preserve wildlife. Hunter ethics preserve:
the opportunity to hunt
Butt
the part of the gun you hold against your shoulder when you're shooting
Full-body harness
the vest harness is a very effective style of full-body harness
What is the international emergency signal for distress? flashing a mirror marking an X in the snow, grass, or sand signaling with a whistle three repeats of any signal
three repeats of any signal
Full choke
tight constriction. The shot string holds together even longer, making this choke good for squirrels, turkey, and other game shot at 40-yard and longer ranges. Turkey hunters sometimes use Extra Full or Turkey choke for even denser patterns at long range.
Why were hunting laws passed?
to conserve wildlife
Why do hunters pattern their shotguns?
to select ammunition with the best performance
How much water do you need each day? two to four gallons two to four quarts two to four pints two to four cups
two to four quarts
If you encounter a fence or other obstacle while carrying a firearm, what is the FIRST thing that you should do before crossing?
unload the firearm
Shotgun Shells (shotshells)
use a slug or shot as the projectile. - A slug is a solid projectile, usually of lead, used for hunting big game with a shotgun - Shots are multiple pellets fired through a shotgun barrel. Shot size is adaptable to the game being hunted. This type of projectile is used typically to hunt game birds and small game animals.
Lineman's-style belt and/or climbing belt
used when climbing up and down the tree
Matchlock ignition
was developed in the early 1400s. When the trigger is pulled, a lighted wick is lowered into a priming pan located next to a vent hole drilled into the closed end of the barrel. When the priming powder ignites, it lights the main charge.
What are the 4 primary rules of firearm safety?
watch the muzzle, treat every firearm as if loaded, be sure of the target and what is in front of it and beyond it, keep your finger off the trigger until ready to shoot.
When should a hunter begin to get in shape for a hunt?
well in advance of the hunt
When should a hunter begin to get in shape for a hunt? one day before the hunt one week before the hunt well in advance of the hunt during the hunt
well in advance of the hunt
Distances different calibers travel
.22 short....almost 1 mile .22 LRHV...1 mile .22 WIN MAG...almost 1.5 miles .222...more than 2 miles .243...almost 3 miles .270...almost 3 miles 7 mm Mag...about 3.5 miles 30-30...almost 2 miles .308...2.5 miles 30-06...about 3.4 miles 300 savage...almost 3 miles
If hunting with a shotgun in California, what is the maximum number of shells the shotgun can hold at any time?
3
range for deer accuracy
8 inches
Covered Quiver
All arrows should be carried safely in a covered quiver. Covered quivers are a convenient and easy way to carry your arrows, giving you quick access while protecting the broadheads and preventing injury. Certain types of quivers can also protect both the arrows and fletching from damage.
Slide or Tang Safety
Common on some rifles and break-action shotguns A sliding bar or button that blocks the firing action Located on the tang (a metal strip behind the receiver) of break-action firearms or on the side of the receiver on some rifles
Wad Cutter
Flat ended, used for target shooting; creates clean hold in paper
Nock
Generally constructed from plastic, featuring a notch in one end to attach the arrow to the string.
Which of the following is a proper way to treat heat stroke?
Get the victim to a hospital immediately.
With regards to the sport of hunting, what is true?
Hunting privileges can be revoked,sport hunting is an effective wildlife management practice, no North American animal has ever gone extinct because of sport hunting, hunters are an important group in wildlife conservation efforts
What is true about muzzleloaders?
Muzzleloaders are always loaded from the muzzle end
What is the first step in cleaning a firearm? Clean from the breech end. Point the muzzle in a safe direction. Field strip the firearm. Use cleaning solvents in a well-ventilated area.
Point the muzzle in a safe direction.
The word STOP is an acronym used in survival. What does it mean?
S Stop and sit down. Keep a positive mental attitude. T Think about your surroundings. Could you find your way out, or are you going to spend the night? O Observe what is around you. Can you hear cars? Can you hear farm animals or farm machinery? Can you see radio towers or old logging roads? Can you smell smoke from a wood stove? Use your senses to find out where you are. P Plan what you do. The time of day and the weather will influence how the plan will be set in motion and what you will do first.
Improved cylinder choke
This choke barely controls the spread of the shot and is used for shots between 20 to 30 yards.
What are male turkeys called and how much do they weigh?
Toms or gobblers and 15-25 lbs
There are four primary rules of firearm safety. One of these rules is:
Treat every firearm with the respect due a loaded gun.
Which of the following describes safe handling of a firearm?
Unload and case the firearm before transporting it.
How do you adjust the sight on an open sight?
You move the rear sight in the direction you want the shots to move on the target.
A telescopic sight (or scope):
gathers light to magnify a target
You shoot a deer. You do not see it go down. How long should you wait before trailing the deer?
half an hour
magnum
means the shell has more shot or more gunpowder than a regular shell
What are the different types of firearm handling?
two-hand carry, shoulder carry, trail carry, cradle carry, sling carry, elbow carry
What is the sight picture?
what you see when a firearm's sights are aligned correctly with the target
When do bowsights work best?
when the distance is known
When do bowsights work best? when the distance is known when the distance is not known when the target is moving when the target is far away
when the distance is known
When should you carry arrows in the nocked position? when you are slowly approaching game when you are walking behind another hunter when you begin the hunt when you first spot game
when you are slowly approaching game
Which material provides warmth even when wet?
wool
Bowsights
work best when the distance to the target is known. For instance, when hunting from a tree stand or blind, you can measure the distance to the area where you expect the game to appear. Then it's a matter of lining up the appropriate sight pin on the target. In hunting situations where it's hard to know the exact distance to the target, bowsights may not work well. The key to using bowsights is to practice judging distances.
A fixed or hang-on tree stand
(A fixed or hang-on type stand can be attached to a tree at any height. It consists of a seat and a platform, along with straps and/or chains to attach the stand. A hunter's movement in this stand is very limited, and it requires a ladder or steps for access. Make sure the attaching straps or chains are tight and secure or the stand could slip when weight is applied to the platform.Safety Tips for Fixed / Hang-on Stands:ALWAYS use a climbing / lineman's belt when installing or removing a fixed position stand and also while ascending or descending the tree. NEVER support your weight with a tree limb. Tree limbs can break causing you to fall.Always test the stand to be sure it is secure before climbing into it.Never use wood steps attached to the tree with nails or spikes.Avoid using screw-in steps, as they can be more dangerous than other climbing aides. They are also illegal in some states. Know the law!)
What are the different types of personal flotation devices?
***Type 1 (offshore life jacket) Type 2 (near-shore buoyant vest) Type 3 (flotation aid) Type 4 (throwable device) Type I offshore life jacket, type II near-shore buoyant vest, type III flotation aid, type IV throwable device, type III flotation aid sportsman coat, type III inflatable flotation aide, type III flotation aid sportsman suit
Common Types Of Rifle Bullets
- pointed soft point: High Velocity, accurate bullets with a flat travel path (trajectory); excellent mushrooming -Rounded soft point: Popular for low-velocity calibers; recommended for tubular magazines -Protected Tip: Highly accurate with excellent expansion -Full Metal Jacket: Maximum penetration without mushrooming; these bullets are illegal for big game hunting in most states
Types of treestands
-*Homeade or permanent treestand -*Fixed or hang-on treestand -*Self-climb stand -*ladder stand -*tower stand
Watercraft safety rules
-Plan your route:When operating watercraft, it's important to have a plan that covers where you are going to launch and land your boat, as well as an estimate of when you expect to return from your hunting trip. A safe hunter shares this plan with a family member or friend and keeps a copy in their car or truck. -Examine your watercraft and licensing requirements: Before embarking on a hunting trip, make sure that your watercraft is large enough to safely carry all hunters in your party, as well as all equipment. Also check local laws to see if a boating course is required before operating watercraft for hunting. -Check your equipment: Do you have enough Personal Flotation Devices for all members of your hunting party? What type should you have? -Safely Board a Watercraft: If you are hunting alone, place all of the firearms and equipment in the watercraft before boarding. Also be sure to put on your Personal Flotation Device before boarding. For groups, start by having one hunter board the watercraft while a second holds and steadies the watercraft. Once the first hunter is seated, the other can hand over all firearms and equipment for stowing. -Safely transport firearms in the watercraft: Just like in a vehicle, all firearms transported in any watercraft should be unloaded, actions open, cased and pointed in a safe direction. -Observe and respect zones of fire in a watercraft: When hunting from watercraft, it is crucial that you observe and respect zones of fire. This zone is always in front of the shooter. If there are two hunters and both are hunting, they should be sitting back to back.If only one member of a group is hunting, that hunter should sit at the front of the watercraft. The others should sit at the rear to control the speed and direction of the watercraft. Consult local laws for regulations regarding the use of a watercraft while hunting. -Pack appropriate clothing: Ensure that you pack specialized clothing to keep you warm and dry. -Tie down equipment in the watercraft: This is an extra precaution for when you expect to encounter rough waters. Your equipment will not be thrown overboard or lost if the watercraft capsizes. -Exit all watercraft safely: If you are alone, exit the watercraft and secure the landing first, then retrieve all firearms and hunting gear. For groups, one hunter should exit first and steady the watercraft for others on board. Always use 3 points of contact and keep your body low. Once the watercraft is secured, all firearms and hunting gear can be retrieved. -Know what to do if your watercraft capsizes: If your watercraft capsizes, stay with it. Most will remain buoyant even when full of water. If you have a whistle connected to your Personal Flotation Device, use it to signal another person. If you are planning on hunting on or around water, you owe it to yourself to learn how to swim - it could save your life. If you are not very far from shore, slowly make your way back to shore. Get warm and dry fast.
6 east steps to cleaning a firearm
1.Attach a cleaning brush that is the same size as the caliber or gauge of your firearm onto a cleaning rod. Pour a small amount of cleaning solution into an open container, such as a film canister, and dip the brush into the cleaning solution. Dipping the brush directly into the bottle of cleaning solution will contaminate the entire supply. 2. Place the cleaning rod with a brush attached into the bore and work the brush down the entire length of the barrel. 3. Remove the cleaning brush from the cleaning rod and attach the slotted patch holder onto the cleaning rod. Attach a clean patch onto the slotted patch holder and run the patch down the entire length of the barrel. Next, use the bore light to inspect the action and bore. If you spot any more residue, use another patch until it's completely clean. 4. Attach a clean, well-oiled patch onto the slotted patch holder and run it down the entire length of the barrel. The oil will prevent rust in the barrel. Your barrel is now clean! 5. Use a copper cleaning brush and work it around the bolt, bolt face and action to remove any powder residue. Wipe the bolt and action clean and apply a thin coat of oil. 6. Wipe down the entire firearm with a lightly oiled rag to clean and protect the outside surface.
Gunpowder
A chemical mixture that burns rapidly and converts to an expanding gas when ignited. Modern smokeless powder will burn slowly when ignited in the open (outside of the case). Black powder is less stable and can be explosive when impacted or ignited in the open.
gunpowder
A chemical mixture that burns rapidly and converts to an expanding gas when ignited. Modern smokeless powder will burn slowly when ignited in the open (outside of the case). Black powder is less stable and can be explosive when impacted or ignited in the open.
Chokes
A choke helps to hold the shot string together, controlling its spread when it leaves the barrel. Older shotguns have a fixed choke while modern shotguns feature a screw-in choke system that allows you to change between different types of chokes, giving the user the advantage of being able to make use of one shotgun with different chokes for different types of game and sport shooting. To change a choke, follow the manufacturer's instructions.A Shot String is a pattern of what the pellets would look like if you were able to take a picture of the shot on its way to the target. When the pellets leave the barrel, they separate from each other due to the force of air resistance. The more the shot separates, the less effective the pellets are in taking game at longer distances, but all the better for closer shots. Using a choke will allow you to control how much the pellets are separated at certain distances.
Which statement is true about fully-automatic firearms? A fully-automatic may not be used for hunting. On a fully-automatic, the trigger must be pulled each time a shot is fired. A semi-automatic may not be used for sport shooting. On a semi-automatic, firing is continuous as long as the trigger is held down.
A fully-automatic may not be used for hunting.
shooting glove
A glove like attachment for the shooter's hand that can support a smooth release of the string while protecting your fingers.
Which of the following statements is true?
A hang fire is when the primer fails to ignite the powder.
What are some disadvantages to using a treestand?
A hunter has no protection from the wind unless the treestand has a skirt around its platform.Some treestands are quite heavy to carry into or out of the woods.In rainy or snowy weather, a hunter might lose his or her footing when climbing up to or getting out of the treestand. It is difficult to change positions or move around in some treestands Setting up and taking down a treestand can be very noisy A hunter might fall asleep in the treestand, and this could result in an incident.Many hunting incidents occur when a hunter is getting into or out of a treestand.
Using a haul line
A hunter should never carry hunting equipment (firearms and other gear) when climbing a treestand. The added weight could cause a loss of balance and even result in a fall from the tree. Instead, retrieve all equipment using a haul line (a strong rope, strap or commercially made line) and always adhere to the following safety tips:Before climbing into the treestand, unload your firearm. Leave the action open. If retrieving a bow or crossbow with a haul line, keep all arrows or bolts in a quiver. If retrieving a firearm, the muzzle of your firearm should point toward the ground.Secure hunting equipment to the haul line. If retrieving a firearm, do not tie the haul line around the trigger or trigger guard! Tuck - do not tie - the other end of the haul line into your pocket or belt. Climb into the treestand, securing your FAS/FBH to the tree before beginning to retrieve the haul line. Once you've raised your firearm up to your treestand, check for obstructions in the barrel and action. Take your time, do not hurry.
Bolt-Action Rifle: firing pin
A pin that strikes the primer of the cartridge, causing ignition
Release aid loop
A release aid can be used in combination with a mechanical release for a more accurate shot.
Saboted slugs (designed to be shot from a rifled shotgun or shotgun with a rifled choke tube)
A saboted slug is designed to be fired from rifled barreled shotguns or shotguns with a rifled choke tube. As the saboted slug exits the shotgun muzzle, the sabot is separated from the slug and falls away, allowing the slug to continue down range unimpeded. This type of shotgun ammunition is very accurate and provides plenty of knockdown power for most big game at ranges up to 150 yds.
Which of the following best describes the practice of Still Hunting?
A technique where a safe hunter moves slowly through a hunting area looking for game animals
How long after taking a shot do you wait before looking for an animal?
After taking a shot, wait for at least 15 to 20 minutes before looking for the game animal. Patience is a must at this point. Remember that if the game animal does not drop immediately after having been shot, it will try to hide in a safe place. It is every hunter's responsibility to find any game they shot. This can sometimes take hours if it was a poorly placed shot, but it is your duty not to give up. If the animal ran onto private property, contact the landowner and get permission to go find the animal.With a properly placed shot - in the area of the heart or lungs - the game animal will expire within a few minutes. After waiting, the hunter can start to track and find the game animal. When tracking the game animal, look for signs that it was shot - drops of blood on the ground or on plants are good signs. Take time to observe everything in the immediate area. You might find some hair or feathers on the ground or see a trail in the direction that the game animal ran. It is a good idea to carry some flagging tape with you to mark the blood trail. This will show the general direction in which the animal ran. Be sure to remove any flagging tape when you are finished your hunt. If the blood trail runs out, return to the last clear indication of blood, and try again, moving in increasing circles.
When to wear blaze orange
Although camouflage is an essential part to hunting, Hunter, or Blaze Orange is usually ALWAYS required when hunting medium to large size game animals. Since fluorescent orange is not present in the natural world it is an excellent safety measure. It is clearly visible in both bright sunlight and in poor lighting conditions. When hunting big game or upland birds (Quail, Partridge, etc.) make sure there is Blaze Orange coverage on your front, back, both sides and head when you are in the field. When hunting waterfowl and turkey, only wear hunter orange when going to, and coming from your hunting location.
Cleaning a firearm
Always follow these safety rules when cleaning any firearm: -Keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction. -Ensure the firearm is unloaded. -Clear the workbench of any material you do not need for cleaning. -Move all ammunition to a separate location. -Make sure your work area has adequate light and ventilation -Wear some type of eye and hand-protection gear.
Suspension relief device on a FAS/FBH
Always have your suspension relief aid handy and ready to use if you do fall. Remember to always follow the manufacturer's instructions and practice using your FAS/FBH at ground level with a responsible adult before using it aloft. Additionally, there are several optional, commercially available self-recovery or self-extraction devices. These optional devices enable the user to be safely lowered to the ground automatically, or under the control of the user. One of the devices can be considered for use as an additional safety precaution against prolonged suspension trauma.
Clothing can affect your ability to perform safely and responsibly. How should you choose your clothes for a hunting trip? Always wear wool clothing. Always wear several layers of cotton or polyester clothing. Always wear light clothing and a hat. Always wear clothing suitable for the weather you expect.
Always wear clothing suitable for the weather you expect.
string silencer
An elastic material may be added to the string, resulting in a reduction in string noise and vibration. A string silencer is not used on a long bow.
Bow string
Attaches to the limbs of a long bow or recurve bow. Attaches to the cable for a compound bow. Has a center nock locator for nocking (positioning) an arrow.
When do you wear a type III inflatable flotation aid?
Automatically inflates when immersed in water or when the activation cord is pulled. It is used in calm, inland water where there is a good chance of rescue
Which of the following is the best way to prevent hypothermia? Keep wet clothing on. Avoid potentially dangerous weather conditions. Wear cotton clothing instead of wool. Do jumping jacks to stay warm.
Avoid potentially dangerous weather conditions.
If two hunters are hunting from the same watercraft how should they be seated?
Back to back at different ends of the watercraft
It is safe to shoot an arrow when the target is:
Be sure of the target, what is in front of it, and what is beyond it.
A hunter is right-handed. When shooting a shotgun, this hunter should:
Bring the left foot slightly forward.
A hunter is right-handed. When shooting a shotgun, this hunter should: Bring the right foot slightly forward. Bring the left foot slightly forward. Keep the feet together. Step out about 18 inches with the right foot.
Bring the left foot slightly forward.
What is the correct way to shoulder a shotgun?
Bring the stock all the way up to your cheek and then back to your shoulder.
Which tool should always be used to get the projectile started down the barrel?
Bullet Starter
6 additional rule about Firearm safety
Check your barrel and ammunition, Unload firearms when not in use, Point a firearm only at something you intend to shoot, Don't run, jump, or climb with a loaded firearm, Store firearms and ammunition separately and safely, Avoid alcoholic beverages before and during shooting.
Half-Cock or Hammer Safety
Common on firearms with exposed hammers Positions the trigger at half-cock, away from the firing pin Engaged by placing the trigger at half-cock; some firearms automatically rebound to the half-cock position after the trigger is released While not a true safety, it sometimes is described as a mechanical safety device by firearm manufacturers
Cross-Bolt Safety
Common on pump and semi-automatic firearms A simple, push-button action that blocks the trigger or hammer Usually located at the trigger guard or ahead of the hammer
Telescopic sight
Consisting of a main tube with lenses to magnify distant objects, it has line reticles for lining up the center of a target (i.e., where the horizontal and vertical reticles meet). This sight is mounted on top of the barrel or action of a firearm. Since it is easy to use, it is a good choice for novice hunters. The telescopic sight is available in fixed powers and some models have an adjustable ring that the hunter can use to select different powers of magnification.
You need to help a hunting companion with a deep, open chest wound. What should you do first? Locate a sterile bandage and cover the wound. Locate any bandage and cover the wound. Transport the victim to the hospital. Cover the wound with the palm of your hand until a bandage is located.
Cover the wound with the palm of your hand until a bandage is located.
Hollowpoint
Designed for high expansion on impact
JUDO Point
Designed with spring arms attached to catch in grass and leaves, preventing arrow loss; used for "stump" shooting and small game hunting.
Draw weight of a bow
Draw weight describes the maximum amount of weight needed to pull a bow string completely back. The draw weight is measured in pounds. When purchasing a bow, be sure you can pull it back comfortably. The bow string should be pulled back in a smooth motion to full draw. If you have to struggle, the draw weight is too high and will result in poor shot placement.
What type of harness is the safest and most recommended when hunting in a treestand?
Fall Arrest System / Full Body Harness
Open sight
Featuring a notch or cut at the rear and a single post at the front or muzzle end of the barrel, open sights are common features on rifles and pistols. Many of the newer open sights have the front and rear sight made of fiber optic material of contrasting colors, that gather light and are easier to see in low light.
Pittman-Robertson Act
Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act, provides funding for the selection, restoration, and improvement of wildlife habitat, and for wildlife management research, and education
What should you do as soon as possible after tagging game? Take it back to camp. Hang it up. Allow it to cool. Field dress it. Field dress it.
Field dress it
String groove on a bow
Found on the limp tip of Long Bows and Recurve Bows. The groove keeps the bow string in place.
Parts of a bow
Grip, limbs, string groove
Handgun shooting position
Handguns are different in the way the firearm is held when firing at game or sighting at a target. Handguns have the same types of sight configurations as a rifle. Since the handgun has a shorter barrel, accuracy is difficult to obtain. Sight in the handgun at 25 yards and then move out to 50 yards. Always use a two-handed hold with a handgun.
HELP refers to the position you should assume in cold water. What does HELP stand for?
Heat Escape Lessening Posture
Once an animal is field dressed and transported back to camp, how should the animal be cooled?
Hung from a tree or specially-designed rack
What is true about hunting laws?
Hunting laws are made to help conserve wildlife populations
Storing a firearm
If you have firearms in your home, protect your family and friends by ensuring that both your firearms and ammunition are legally and safely stored at all times. A gun safe is like a mini version of a bank safe - some are even fireproof. It is the best storage option. Not only does it protect firearms from being stolen, it keeps them out of the hands of careless adults and children alike. It also keeps them safe in the event of a break in; if your firearms fall into the wrong hands, you may be held responsible! All firearms should be stored in one secure location. Ammunition should be stored separately, but also in a secure location.
Slide or tang safety
It features two positions of operation. In the ON position (i.e., a green colored dot or the letter "S" may be visible) it blocks the firing mechanism of a rifle or shotgun. In the OFF position (i.e., a red colored dot or the letter "F" may be visible) it enables firing of a cartridge or shot shell. A Tang safety, featured on some models of shotguns, is engaged when the letter "S" is visible on top and in the back of the receiver.
What is the purpose of a trigger guard on a firearm?
It helps protect the trigger from being accidentally pulled
Transport firearms safely in CA
It is every hunter's responsibility to safely transport firearms in any vehicle. In California, it is illegal to possess any loaded shotgun or long gun in a vehicle on any way open to the public. This includes, but is not limited to, any road, parking lot, trails or open fields.
What is an important consideration for treestand hunters concerning falls from a stand?
It is important to carry emergency signaling devices that are readily accessible. Be prepared for a fall before it happens
You are shooting a muzzleloader. A hang fire happens. What should you do? Take the gun back home to correct the problem. Look down the muzzle to identify the obstruction. Keep the gun pointed downrange. Reload and fire again.
Keep the gun pointed downrange.
What should the safe and responsible hunter keep in mind when choosing the type of handgun to use for a hunt?
Local hunting regulations
Safety
Located on the trigger guard, it blocks the trigger or the hammer when engaged. It may have a visible red band when the safety is off.
You get lost and need shelter. What should you do first? Begin cutting long straight saplings. Begin looking for food. Look for a natural shelter. Gather limbs and brush
Look for a natural shelter.
Arrow shaft
Main structural component of the arrow, to which all other parts are attached. The stiffness of the shaft is called the spine. Make sure the arrow is matched to your bow's poundage and your draw length.
Which of the following should be done by a hunter who is tracking a wounded animal?
Mark the blood trail with blaze orange flagging tape
Which of the following statements is true when it comes to proper clothing for a hunting trip?
Most body heat escapes through the head, good head covering is necessary to keep the body warm
Projectile: shot pellets or slug
Most shotshells are loaded with multiple shot or pellets as the projectiles. Most cartridges loaded with shot or pellets are used for hunting upland game birds or waterfowl, as well as for target shooting. There are a variety of different shot types available, such as; Lead, Steel, Bismuth, Tungsten-Iron, and Tungsten-Matrix. Lead shot is not permitted for hunting waterfowl in North America, because lead is a toxic substance that contaminates soils as well as surface and ground waters, and can cause lead poisoning in different species as well as damage to the habitat. Please check your local regulations to ensure you are using the proper type of shot for the animal you will be hunting. Shotshells loaded with slugs are used for big game.
Moving a victim with a back or neck injury should be left to professionals whenever possible. If a victim MUST be pulled to safety, what is the correct method? Move the victim lengthwise, feet first, supporting the feet. Move the victim lengthwise, headfirst, supporting the head and neck. Pull the victim by one arm, supporting the head and neck. Pull the victim by one leg, supporting the feet.
Move the victim lengthwise, headfirst, supporting the head and neck.
Which statement about muzzleloaders is true? All muzzleloaders are rifles. All muzzleloaders have only one barrel. Muzzleloaders are safer and easier to use than modern firearms. Muzzleloaders are early firearms that are loaded from the open end.
Muzzleloaders are early firearms that are loaded from the open end.
Approaching a downed animal
Once you find the game animal, approach it with caution from the rear. That way, if it is still alive and jumps up, you will not be in its way. If you see any movement from the downed game animal, you will have to take another shot at it - aimed at the base of the skull where it meets the spinal column, or in the heart and lung area. Most game animals will have their eyes open when they expire. Be sure to immediately attach any game or harvest tag as required.
parallax
Optical bending of telescopic crosshairs in relation to the target
What should a hunter take into consideration when patterning a shotgun?
Pattern at the different ranges you expect to find game
elbow carry
Place the butt of the firearm in your armpit and let the forearm of the firearm rest on your arm. The muzzle is pointed down and in front of you. This is also a very comfortable position but does not give you very good control of the muzzle. Remember that when you turn right or left, the muzzle will follow you.
Which of the following describes the best way to remove a stuck projectile from a muzzleloader?
Point the muzzle in a safe direction and use a CO2 bullet discharger to force the bullet out of the barrel
What is an important safety consideration when loading a muzzleloader?
Point the muzzle up and away from your face and body when loading
You are unloading your firearm. You start by pointing the muzzle in a safe direction. What is the NEXT step you should take?
Put the safety on.
Which of the following describes the proper way to fire a shotgun?
Raise the shotgun to the cheek and back to the shoulder, on the side of the dominant eye; point at the target and slap the trigger
Which of the following should all hunters do before using a treestand?
Read all the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations
Bolt-Action Rifle: breech
Rear end of the barrel
What is a bow called that features limbs that sweep back and forward at the tips giving it more potential energy?
Recurve bow
Bore sighting-in with bolt-action rifles
Remove the bolt, brace the firearm on sandbags, and look directly through the bore. Correct the rifle's position until you see the bull's-eye in the center of the bore. Adjust the sights to give you a good sight picture
When the safe hunter is in a survival situation, what is considered an unsafe method of purifying drinking water?
Removing all visible debris
Which of the following is the most common difference between rifles and shotguns?
Rifles have rifled barrels whereas most shotguns have smoothbore barrels
What are the "big three" necessities for outdoor or hunting survival?
Shelter, Fire and Signal
Three important survival needs
Shelter, fire (clear a 3 foot wide area around your fire for safety), signal (three blasts of a plastic whistle, flashes with a reflective device (e.g., mirror or old CD), flashes from a flashlight, rocks hit together three times, or fires arranged in a circle, triangle or a line. A rescuer who hears or sees these signs will head to that location. When signaling, it is important to stay where you are. As rescuers get closer, they will respond with two blasts from a whistle or other signaling device. The sound of a whistle will carry farther than the sound of your voice.)
When hunting for Wild Turkey, which of the following is an important safety consideration?
Sit with your back against a tree at least as wide as your shoulders
Dot Sight
Small device mounted on your firearm, uses electronics or optical fibers to project a glowing dot or other mark on a lens in front of the shooter's eye
You are using the still-hunting strategy. How much time should you spend walking versus standing still and observing?
Stand still ten times as much as you walk.
Which of the following is one of the main causes of accidents while hunting from a watercraft?
Standing in the watercraft while shooting
Bullet Point
Steel point used for target shooting and small game hunting
Field Point
Steel point used for target shooting and small game hunting.
Stages and effects of water immersion
Step 1 - Initial Immersion Cold Water "Shock":If a person falls into cold water - their body's initial reaction is a 'gasp reflex' which can include hyperventilation and muscle spasms. This initial reaction can result in water inhalation as well as significant changes in heart rate and blood pressure. These initial effects are present for the first two or three minutes of immersion. Step 2 - Short-Term Immersion - Impaired Function: In cold water, you may begin to experience the loss of basic motor skills after only a few minutes. Between 3 and 30 minutes after immersion a person's hands quickly lose strength and sensation and subsequently their ability to swim (even strong swimmers). In cold water immersion cases, boaters often drown as a result of swimming failure before hypothermia ever has the chance to set in. Step 3 - Longer Term Immersion - Immersion Hypothermia: Following 30 or more minutes of immersion, hypothermia (a drop in body temperature below the normal level) will begin to set in. The persons overall body temperature will continue to drop until it reaches the same temperature of the water. As the body's core temperature falls, a person will eventually lapse into unconsciousness. Step 4 post rescue collapse: a drop in blood pressure which may lead a person to become unconscious or to stop breathing at the point of rescue or up to several hours afterward.
You are hiking into unfamiliar terrain. What is the best way to keep your bearings?
Take frequent compass readings and plot your progress on a map.
What should be done if you notice the firearm has been damaged or is not working properly?
Take it to a qualified gunsmith for repair
What is meant by "Proper Shot Placement"?
Taking a shot in the vital organs - such as the heart or lungs - to achieve a quick, clean harvest
Gauge
Term used to designate bore diameter of a shotgun; gauge is the number of lead balls with diameters equal to the diameter of the bore that, when combined, weigh one pound
long bow
The "traditional" bow, which has straight limbs that form an arc when strung Used by those interested in traditional shooting with little additional equipment
Which of the following is determined by the diameter of a firearm's bore when measured from land to opposite land?
The caliber of a rifle
choke
The degree of narrowing at the muzzle end of the shotgun barrel
What is the index vane on an arrow?
The different colored fletching should be pointed down.
Foster type slugs (designed to be fired from a smooth barrel shotgun)
The foster slug is used for hunting targets at longer distances. The hollow rear on this slug pushes its center of gravity toward the front, which in turn gives it greater stability, up to a distance of 75 yards. Most will feature small fins toward the rear, called "rifling".
What is the anchor point?
The location of the archer's face, mouth or jaw at full draw where the drawing hand is positioned to provide the archer with a consistent anchor point for each shot.
shaft
The long spine of the arrow. Modern arrow shafts are made of wood, fiberglass, aluminum, or carbon. The arrow, regardless of shaft material, must have the correct stiffness to match the bow. As an arrow is released, the shaft bends before straightening in flight. Incorrect stiffness will cause the arrow to fly erratically and inaccurately.
Nock locator
The mark or device that indicates where the arrow is to be placed on the string. It is located on the serving area of the string.
compound bow
The most popular bow for both hunting and target shooting A bow with many styles, but they work basically the same way; wheels and cables attached to the limbs make it easier to hold at full draw (pulled completely back) and able to propel an arrow faster than either a longbow or recurve bow
—a repeating firearm
The next advance, in 1835, was to arrange a series of percussion locks and barrels on a rotating wheel (cylinder) to allow a rapid succession of shots (Patterson revolver). With a single hammer and trigger, multiple shots can be fired without reloading. The percussion cap revolvers are the forerunners of modern revolvers., the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen
projectile
The object(s) expelled from the barrel. A bullet is a projectile, usually containing lead, fired through a rifle or handgun barrel. A slug is a solid projectile, usually of lead, fired through a shotgun barrel. Shot is a group of lead, steel, tungsten alloy, or bismuth pellets fired through a shotgun barrel.
What is the safe hunter's best resource for information on cleaning their firearm?
The owner's manual for the firearm
Stock
The part of a gun which is held, or braced, against the shooter's body
Butt
The part of the stock that you hold against your shoulder when shooting
fletching
The plastic vanes or feathers on an arrow. Fletching creates wind drag and also can cause the arrow to spin similar to a rifle bullet, providing stability and accuracy in flight. Fletching is made up of three or more vanes or feathers. One of the feathers will be a different color and is called the "cock" feather. The remaining feathers are referred to as the "hen" feathers.
When a rifle fires, a sequence of events takes place. After the firing pin strikes the primer, what is the next event in the sequence? Expanding gas drives the bullet through the barrel. Gunpowder burns and converts to a gas. The trigger is pulled. The primer explodes and sparks the gunpowder.
The primer explodes and sparks the gunpowder.
What is the safest way to unload a crossbow?
The safest way for a hunter to unload a crossbow is to fire the bolt into a suitable target or rock-free ground (avoiding stones and debris). You should carry a practice bolt with a field point and use it for unloading.Do not have your crossbow in the cocked position while traveling to and from your hunting site.
A 20-gauge shell is placed in a 12-gauge shotgun. What is the danger? The shotgun will not fire. The shot will not fly true, causing the hunter to miss the target. The shell could lodge in the barrel and cause serious personal injury. The shell could cause a misfire.
The shell could lodge in the barrel and cause serious personal injury.
Ground Blinds
These are temporary structures that a hunter sets up before hunting season begins. Ranging in size from a single-person blind to a miniature shed-like structure that can house up to three hunters, ground blinds can be a lot of fun to use. The advantage of a ground blind is that a hunter can sit inside it and be hidden from the sight of game animals. They are very effective when set up in areas of known game travel lanes and on the edges of crop fields and overgrown areas. Pop-up or manufactured ground blinds that are enclosed with a roof are good anytime. If it rains or is windy, a hunter is protected from the elements. The disadvantage of a ground blind is if the game animals cannot see the hunter, neither can other hunters. For your safety, it is important that any ground blind be clearly marked with blaze orange to let others know that someone is inside or around the ground blind.
Break action or hinge action
This firearm is available in single-barrel or double-barrel styles and is ideal for novice hunters due to the limit it places on shots per use. Most firearms with this type of action feature two barrels placed either side-by-side or in an over-and-under configuration. For loading, push on the action release lever and pivot the barrels down. The chamber will then be separated from the stock and firing mechanism so ammunition can be inserted. Once you close the action and release the safety, the firearm is ready for firing. After firing, press the release lever to open the action and eject the spent cartridge or shotshell. Some break-actions have automatic ejectors, others require that you manually remove the spent cartridge or shotshell. Break actions for rifles and shotguns may be designed to accommodate a wide variety of interchangeable barrels for rimfire and centerfire ammunition.
Long Bow
This is a large, powerful, lightweight bow. For a novice archer, it is more difficult to use than other bow styles. Not all long bows have an arrow shelf for an arrow rest. Nor do they shoot as fast as the recurve or compound bow. It also does not have a "let-off point". This means the archer feels the total draw weight of the bow through the entire draw. When the string is drawn back, energy is stored in the limbs until the archer releases the bow string, propelling the arrow to the target at high speed. Bow hunters who prefer a more traditional hunt with the recurve and long bows may have the least possible accessories or additional parts on bows in order to increase the challenge when hunting. Bow hunters who use the compound bow, by contrast, may add several accessories to support accurate, quiet shooting on game. Whichever bow you choose to use, remember to always follow manufacturer's instructions for safe handling and use of your bow.
Compound Bow
This is the bow of choice for a majority of archery hunters. Using wheels and cams, it allows the hunter to hold the bow at full draw for a longer period of time for the best shot - a significant advantage over other bow styles. As the hunter begins to draw the bow, the string starts to turn the wheel and cam that is attached to the bow limbs. The hunter pulls the full draw weight until the cam turns over, letting off the full draw weight. When the cam turns over, the draw weight is decreased by 50 to 80%. This decrease in draw weight, achieved by the cam turning over, allows the hunter to hold less draw weight at full draw. There are add-ons to help reduce the effects of vibration - a common drawback of this style of bow.
One way of shooting a bow is the instinctive aiming method. What is true about this method?
This method takes longer to perfect than the bowsight method.
Misfire
This occurs when the trigger is pulled and the firearm does not fire. It's caused either by a weak firing pin or a defective primer that fails to ignite the powder charge.
Hangfire
This occurs when the trigger is pulled and the firearm is delayed in firing. It's caused by a temporary failure of the primer to ignite the powder charge.
Squib load or "pop fire"
This occurs when the trigger is pulled and you hear only a slight pop and do not feel any recoil. It is usually caused by not having a powder charge in the cartridge or shotshell. When any of these occur, keep the muzzle of the firearm pointed in a safe direction. Wait about 30 seconds, unload the firearm and take it to a gunsmith for inspection and repair.
Semi-automatic action
This type of action is used in both shotguns and rifles. Many hunters find this firearm a pleasure to shoot due to its reduced recoil. After the trigger is pulled and a round is fired, the action opens automatically, the spent ammunition is ejected, a new round is chambered, the action closes and the firearm is ready to be fired again. This sequence repeats each time the trigger is pulled. The action remains open automatically when all ammunition stored in the magazine and chamber has been fired.
What is the recommended method for attaching a haul line to a firearm?
Tie it to the sling.
What is the purpose of a plug in a shotgun?
To limit the number of shells the magazine can hold
You need to haul your firearm into a tree stand. What is the first step you should take?
Unload the firearm and open the action.
You need to haul your firearm into a tree stand. What is the first step you should take? Put on your safety harness. Slip the end of the haul line through your belt. Unload the firearm and open the action. Attach the haul line to the firearm.
Unload the firearm and open the action.
You need to check for an obstruction in your firearm. What is the FIRST step you should take?
Unload the firearm.
When traveling by any motorized vehicle, how would the safe hunter transport their firearm?
Unloaded, with the action open and in a protective case
Aperture or peep sight
Usually mounted at the rear part of the rifle action, this sight has a base and a raised ring. It is adjustable for vertical and horizontal movement. Aim at a target by mounting the firearm and peering through the peephole of the rear sight, centering the front sight within the circle of the rear peep sight. The front sight can be a metal post with a ball on top or just a metal post. This category of sight is common on target rifles.
A downed animal appears to be dead. What should you do before approaching this animal?
Wait a short distance away. Watch for any rise and fall of the animal's chest.
The Four Primary Rules of Firearm Safety
Watch the muzzle, treat every firearm with the respect due a loaded gun, be sure of the target and what is in front of it and behind it, keep your finger outside of the trigger guard until you are ready to shoot.
Materials used for cleaning a firearm
When cleaning firearms, always clean from the breech end if possible. This will push out all powder residue and cleaning solution out the muzzle and prevent damage to the muzzle crown. Disassemble your firearm according to manufacturer's recommendations. -cleaning patches that fit the bore size of the firearm, a firearm holder to hold the firearm firmly in a horizontal position, cleaning rods or a bore snake, gunsmithing screwdrivers, brass or nylon brushes that fit onto the cleaning rods, a slotted tip or jag or cleaning patches, a short copper cleaning brush or an old toothbrush, bore light/light pipe, latex gloves, eye-protection gear, clean rags, gun cleaning solvents, oil and grease.
Choose the true statement about a firearm's maximum projectile range.
When you know a firearm's range, you know how far the bullet or shot can travel and still cause injury.
Single Action
Will fire only after the hammer has been cocked manually cocked for each shot (revolvers) or for the first shot (autoloaders), usually by pulling back the hammer or cycling the slide
Vibration Dampener
Will help absorb vibration caused when firing the bow. Will also help reduce shock and excess noise.
When do you wear a type III flotation aid sportsman suit?
Worn in calm, inland water where there is a good chance of rescue
What can result when attempting to draw back a bow that has too much draw weight?
You may be unable to draw back the string, or could cause injury to your chest or shoulder
snap-shooting
You simply raise the shotgun and point where you think the target will be when the shot arrives.
Which of the following would be a good spot to store ammunition?
a cool, dry location
how a shotgun shell is fired
a shotgun used for shotshells features a smoothbore barrel, meaning that there is no rifling. When a shotshell is fired, all of the tiny round pellets travel down this smooth bore to the target. The degree of sphericity or roundness of each pellet determines how the pellets fly. step 1: shell is loaded into chamber 2: action is closed and shell is ready to be fired 3: firing pin makes contact with primer and causes primer mix to explode in the shell. 4: rapidly accumulating high pressure from the burning gunpowder pushes projectile out of the barrel.
bead
a visual indicator for pointing the shotgun
How many people in the U.S. hunt?
about 5% of the population
What is the portion of the firearm that loads, fires and ejects a cartridge or shot shell called?
action
Cylinder choke
an unconstricted barrel. The shot string spreads quickly.
To take game and minimize its suffering, you must know the ______ of the animal you are hunting.
anatomy
Flintlock ignition
appeared in the late 1600s. When the trigger is pulled, the hammer holding a piece of flint falls against a steel cover (the frizzen) sitting over the priming pan. The hammer knocks the cover out of the way, and the collision of flint and steel causes sparks that ignite the powder in the priming pan.
Round balls
are used mainly for target practice but also can be used for hunting.
5 parts of an arrow
arrow point, arrow shaft, crest, fletching (index vane), nock
When firing a handgun, hold it _______ from the body. nine inches one foot eighteen inches at arm's length
at arm's length
______ is a term that describes the size of a rifle or handgun bore. This term also describes the size of cartridges used with different bores.
caliber
______ is a term that describes the size of a rifle or handgun bore. This term also describes the size of cartridges used with different bores. gauge caliber shot charge action
caliber
Carrying capacity:
can be changed by nature or humans
Each rifle or handgun is designed to be used with a specific type of: cartridge shotshell gauge choke
cartridge
What are the basic parts of ammunition? case, primer, powder, and projectile case, powder, wad, and slug case, powder, projectile, and wad case, powder, projectile, and shot
case, primer, powder, and projectile
when you shoulder your shotgun, what part of your body should fit snugly against the stock?
cheek
Semi-Automatic Pistol: detachable magazine
container that hold ammunition before its loaded into the chamber
True north and magnetic north are not the same. The difference between them is called:
declination
Sighting-in a rifle helps the shooter:
determine problems with shooting technique
What to do if you fall from a treestand
f you fall from a treestand and you are properly using a FAS/FBH, remember your 3 R's - Rescue, Relief and Recover.If you cannot recover from the fall yourself, the second option is to be rescued. You should always carry an emergency signal device on your person at all times in case of emergency. Emergency Signal Devices can be any of the following: Two-Way Radio Cell Phone Personal Locator Device Whistle
What should you do as soon as possible after tagging game?
field dress it
Which two items should always be locked away separately?
firearms and ammunition
Which type of arrowhead spears fish and secures them until landed with an attached line?
fish point
Shotguns are classified by: caliber bore choke gauge
gauge
Gauge vs. caliber
gauge: the number of lead balls of diameter equal to the size of the firearm's bore, required to weigh one pound. caliber: the distance between opposite lands inside the barrel of a rifle or handgun.
Semi-Wad Cutter
handgun- Balances penetration and expansion
Hollowpoint
handgun- Designed for high expansion on impact
Wad Cutter
handgun- Flat-ended, used for target shooting; creates clean hole in paper
Rimfire Ammunition
has the primer contained in the rim of the ammunition casing. Rimfire ammunition is limited to low-presure loads. Rimfire cartridges are not reloadable
single action
has to be manually cocked
Three factors contribute to spoiled meat after game is harvested. One of these factors is:
heat
What is good marksmanship? adjusting the sight accurately and quickly adjusting the sight quickly and consistently hitting the target accurately and quickly hitting the target accurately and consistently
hitting the target accurately and consistently
For safety, a firearm should be stored:
in a locked location, away from the ammunition
Where should broadheads be kept while traveling to and from the field? firmly in your hands in a carrier attached to the bow in a quiver with a cover in a plastic bag to protect from moisture
in a quiver with a cover
A firearm safety:
is a mechanical device that could fail
Instinctive aiming
is more versatile than the bowsight method. You simply look at the intended target with both eyes open and release. You adjust the aim for different distances by instinct developed with practice. Instinctive aiming takes longer to perfect than the bowsight method, but it eliminates much of the guesswork from shooting under some hunting conditions.
Centerfire Ammunition
is used for rifles, shotguns, and handguns. In this type of ammunition, the primer is located in the center of the casing base. Most centerfire ammunition is reloadable.
Wild animals are commonly divided into groups with similar characteristics. The two categories used for mammals are:
large mammals and small mammals
Types of arm guards
large surface arm guard, light weight arm guard
All hunters should take several steps to prepare for each hunting trip. Which step will increase your hunting success and add to your enjoyment?
learn about the game you will hunt
All hunters should take several steps to prepare for each hunting trip. Which step will help ensure that you take only legal game?
learn about your quarry
how to operate a bolt action
lift the handle up and pull it to the rear. If the firearm is loaded, the cartridge or shotshell will be ejected as you pull the bolt to the rear. To make sure it's unloaded, visually check both the open action and the magazine for extra cartridges or shotshells.
sighting-in a rifle means:
lining up the rear and front sights.
A compass always points to: the North Pole magnetic north true north 0 degrees declination
magnetic north
Modified choke
moderate constriction. The pellets stay together longer, making the shot string denser and more useful at longer ranges. This choke is used often when dove hunting and when using steel shot to hunt for ducks or geese. There is also an Improved Modified choke that is slightly tighter than Modified.
shotshell
modern shotgun, case with primer, gunpowder, wad, and a slug or shot
What kind of powder can cause serious injury if used in a muzzleloader?
modern smokeless powder
What kind of powder can cause serious injury if used in a muzzleloader? modern smokeless powder black powder Pyrodex Clear Shot
modern smokeless powder
Shot
multiple pellets fired through a shotgun barrel. Shot size is adaptable to the game being hunted. This type of projectile is used typically to hunt game birds and small game animals.
You are hunting with others. Which two factors are most important in choosing how to carry your firearm?
muzzle control and terrain
foretock
on a pump, this effects the shotgun shell and cocks the action, sliding it forward brings a fresh shell into the chamber
Aside from being a good marksman, what is the key to making a clean kill?
patience
percussion cap
paved the way to the self-contained ammunition we have today—cartridges and shotshells. In the mid-1800s, gunpowder, the projectile, and the primer were put together into a single housing that could be loaded quickly.
Safety rule violations can cause hunting incidents. An example of a safety rule violation is:
pointing the muzzle in an unsafe direction
The percussion lock (also called "caplock")
replaced the flintlock in the early 1800s.used priming compounds inside a metallic foil cap placed over the vent hole. When the hammer strikes the cap, the resulting spark ignites the main charge
Full Metal Jacket
rifle- Maximum penetration without mushrooming; these bullets are illegal for big game hunting in most states
Rounded Soft Point:
rifle- Popular for low-velocity calibers; recommended for tubular magazines
rear end shot
should not be taken
You get lost and find yourself in survival mode. Your priorities are shelter, fire, and:
signal
What are the two basic styles of firearm actions?
single-shot and repeating
other names for a pump action
slide action or trombone action
how to operate a pump action
slide the fore stock backwards
collimator
slips into the muzzle end of the barrel and allows you to adjust the sights much like bore sighting-in
You are shooting at a moving target. You raise the shotgun and point where you think the target will be when the shot arrives. This method of shooting is called:
snap-shooting
Rifling
spiraled lands and grooves inside a firearm's bore (usually rifles and handguns) give the bullet a spin as it moves down the barrel and out toward the target, increasing accuracy.
You point a shotgun at a moving target. You swing the gun faster than the target is moving, so that the muzzle passes the target. Then you fire. This method of shooting is called:
swing-through
Which type of sight is most accurate and give the best view of the target? telescopic bead open aperture (peep)
telescopic
Light weight arm guard
the design allows ventilation when hunting in warm weather
what distance should be used to patter a shotgun?
the distance you expect to be from your quarry
Hang fires
the firing pin has struck the primer and there is a delay before it fires
Which of the following is a factor in determining a zone-of-fire?
the game being hunted
prone
the steadiest of the four positions. Because it's the easiest to hold, it's the best position for mastering the fundamentals of shooting—aiming, breath control, trigger squeeze, and follow through.
Hunters tend to pass through five stages of development. What is the focus during the sportsman stage?
the total hunting experience
Why do hunters pattern their shotguns? to decide what animal to hunt to select ammunition with the best performance to compete against other hunters to identify the best shooting position to use in the field
to select ammunition with the best performance
What are the two different types of magazines used on firearms?
tubular and box-type. Box-type magazines are removed from the firearm to load cartridges. Tubular magazines are usually a fixed part of the firearm.
what are field points used for?
used for target practice
Which method is recommended for climbing a tree to enter an elevated stand?
using a fall-arrest system (safety harness)
What are some types of fall arrest systems (FAS)?
vest type, parachute of full body, single strap, chest harness
when you know a firearm's effective killing range, you can determine:
when a shot will give a clean kill
