HURST review for NCLEX

what is the major base chemical[s] or the body? a. bicarb b. hydrogen c. CO2

a. bicarb

the kidneys remove excess acid and bicarb by _______ them through urine OR can _______ hydrogen and bicarb and return to the blood. a. excreting, retain b. retaining, excrete c. excreting, excrete retaining, retain

a. excreting, retain

what are some potassium depleting diuretics? SATA a. furosemide b. bumetanide c. spironolactone d. hydrochlorothiazide

a. furosemide b. bumetanide d. hydrochlorothiazide

how is magnesium excreted? a. kidneys b. GI tract c. respirations

a. kidneys prior to administering magnesium you should always assess urinary output, respiratory rate and kidney function

what 2 major organs are the focus of an acid/base balance? SATA a. kidneys b. heart c. lungs d. liver

a. kidneys c. lungs

In what type of clients is a hypertonic solution used? SATA a. pts. with severe edema b. pts. with third spacing c. patients with ascites d. pts experiencing seizures e. pts. with hypertension

a. pts. with severe edema b. pts. with third spacing c. patients with ascites

always put IV potassium on a pump a. true b. false

a. true

an acidotic person is lethargic a. true b. false

a. true

an alkalotic person is excitable a. true b. false

a. true

a client who has been given steroids for a prolonged period to treat asthma, reports dizziness, tingling of the fingers ad muscle weakness. what action should the nurse take first? a. determine current blood pressure b. connect client to a cardiac monitor c. administer oxygen d. obtain arteria blood gases

b. connect client to a cardiac monitor

how does your body get rid of CO2 a. inhale b. exhale c. it doesn't

b. exhale

what is the major acid chemical[s] of the body? a. bicarb b. hydrogen c. CO2

b. hydrogen c. CO2

when giving a pt. IV insulin, what should you worry about? SATA a. hyperkalemia b. hypokalemia c. hyperglycemia d. hypoglycemia e. hyponatremia

b. hypokalemia d. hypoglycemia

A client is admitted following a severe burn. what changes related to fluid status would the nurse anticipate? SATA a. fluid volume excess b. hypovolemia c. third spacing d. increased urine output e. low CVP f. increased urine specific gravity

b. hypovolemia c. third spacing e. low CVP f. increased urine specific gravity pg. 4-5

what is the number one concern with a pt. who has diabetes insipidus? a. seizures b. shock c. falls

b. shock

what promotes gas exchanges and keeps CO2 from building up? a. laughing b. sighing c. crying

b. sighing [inhale and exhale]

what drug makes you retain potassium? a. thiazides b. spironolactone c. calcitonin

b. spironolactone [Aldactone] a potassium sparing diuretic which would cause the potassium to be retained

hyperventilation causes: a. anxiety b. acidosis c. alkalosis d. seizures

c. alkalosis

what is the major problem with oral potassium? a. causes constipation b. causes diarrhea c. causes GI upset

c. causes GI upset

when performing wound care to a donor skin graft site, the nurse notes some scabbing around the edges and a dark collection of blood. what is the nurse's next action? a. leave the scabbing area alone and apply extra ointment b. notify the primary healthcare provider c. gently remove the debris and redress the wound d. apply skin softening lotion for 3 hours and then redress

c. gently remove the debris and redress the wound bacteria likes to live in the scab and dried blood. it is important to remove debris to prevent infection.

how is potassium excreted? a. GI tract b. respirations c. kidneys

c. kidneys

in what order does signs of hyperkalemia happen? a. muscle weakness b. flaccid paralysis c. muscle twitching

c. muscle twitching a. muscle weakness b. flaccid paralysis

potassium has an inverse relationship with? a. magnesium b. calcium c. sodium

c. sodium

what is a phosphate binder that helps with hypocalcemia? a. spironolactone b. furosemide c. vitamin D d. Sevelamer hydrochloride

d. Sevelamer hydrochloride if you bind the phosphorus, the phosphorus levels go down and because it has an inverse relationship with calcium, as it goes down calcium will go up.

what immediate action should the nurse take once flames have been extinguished from the burned victim? a. remove jewelry b. wrap in a clean blanket c. cover burns with clean dry cloth d. briefly soak burned area in cool water

d. briefly soak burned area in cool water the priority is to stop the burning process. just putting out the flames is not enough to stop. you need to apply cool water briefly [no more than 10 minutes] pg. 23