HY 121: Ch 24

In 1952, while running as the vice presidential candidate of ____________ Richard Nixon saved his political career with his "_____________ speech." This speech illustrated the power of ____________ in politics and of bringing carefully crafted _______________into the ____________. The Republican Party also shifted strategies as it went from the _____________ party to the party of the "forgotten man."

- Dwight D. Eisenhower - Checkers - television - images - home - pro-business

When the first artificial satellite, __________ was successfully launched, Americans for the first time felt their technology to be inferior to that of the _____________. The Eisenhower administration responded by offering federal funds to higher education with the ______________

- Sputnik - Russians - National Defense Education Act

What does this painting suggest about opposition to school integration in the 1960s?

- The girl's bright, white dress symbolizes the desire for peace and equality, with school integration being an important step in the right direction. - The smashed tomato and the violent red splatter on the wall is a clear indication of anger and opposition to school integration. - The inclusion of the graffiti suggests both the social issue at hand and the position of those who were against integration.

While the intent of the federal Housing Act of 1949 was good, the execution turned out to be something entirely different. In an effort to attract a broad swath of the American public, the extremely low requirement or ___________ on residents' incomes tended to attract only one segment of society—the _________ Confined to segregated neighborhoods in inner cities, those in __________were concentrated into ghetto-like enclaves while ____________ residents spirited off to the suburbs. When other poor urban neighborhoods, demolished by the Housing Act to stimulate ___________ were opened to commercial real-estate developers, public universities and ________catering to affluent college students further _______ the regions where the poorest could find a dwelling place.

- ceiling - poor - poverty - white - urban renewal - retail centers - shrank

The Plessy v. Ferguson doctrine of "separate but equal" had permeated American society since the turn of the twentieth century. Put in chronological order the U.S. Supreme Court cases that chiseled away at the Court's previous decision.

1- Missouri ex rel. gaines v. Canada 2- Mendez v Westminster 3- Sweatt v. Painter 4- Brown v. Board of Education

A leading voice of the Beats was

Allen Ginsberg

Which statement best describes what Wayne Thiebaud's painting Pie Counter suggests about the 1950s.

Although the decade ushered in unprecedented prosperity, it valued conforming to social ideals, which consequently limited the freedoms of individuals.

The name for the small group of poets and writers who railed against mainstream culture, and that included Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, was

Beats

Orval Faubus was among the attorneys on the team hired by the NAACP to pursue the watershed case Brown v. Board of Education.

False

Prior to her arrest that led to the Montgomery bus boycott, Rosa Parks had never been involved in National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) activism.

False

Low-cost, mass-produced developments of suburban tract housing built by William Levitt after World War II on Long Island and elsewhere

Levittown

In the aftermath of Rosa Parks's arrest for refusing to give her bus seat to a white rider, a yearlong bus boycott took place in what city?

Montgomery, Alabama

In determining the significance of the presidential election of 1960, the text points out two critical and similar determinants on the outcome of that election. One was that image bested substance during the first televised debate between presidential candidates. Which of the following was the other parallel observation regarding the triumph of image over substance?

Mrs. Kennedy wasn't dowdy like the outgoing president's wife or the potential Republican president's wife.

In the 1950s, the automobile was the pivot on which suburban life turned. Identify examples of how automobiles altered the American landscape.

Roadside eating establishments blossomed. Drive-in movie theaters appeared.

A document written in 1956 that repudiated the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education and supported the campaign against racial integration in public places

Southern Manifesto

What was the military industrial complex, and why did Eisenhower express concerns about it?

The military industrial complex was the combination of an immense military establishment and a permanent arms industry. Ike worried that the country's military industrial complex threatened to limit both liberties and the democratic process.

The Brown decision encouraged an awakening of civil rights protest— and segregationist protest—in the South, ensuring it would have the backing of federal courts.

True

What do these images reveal about the discrepency between how women actually lived their lives in the 1950s and how they were depicted doing so in advertisements?

While advertisements sought to portray women's work in the home as fun and exciting, in reality it was hard work and less than enjoyable.

Markedly higher birthrate in the years following World War II; led to the biggest demographic 'bubble' in American history

baby boom

"Blockbusting" was a notorious strategy used by real-estate brokers in the 1950s. The strategy involved spreading rumors within a segregated community that minorities would be moving in. Place the strategy and its ensuing results in the proper order.

brookers spread rumorswhite residents sell their homes quicklybrookers sell homes at increased priceminhorities move into area.

Milton Friedman believed that free market capitalism was the ultimate expression of individual liberty, and he has found a receptive audience ever since. Identify the libertarian ideals Friedman advocated for in Capitalism and Freedom.

elimination of government regulations on business eliminating the graduated income tax

In the 1950s, most women found work in low-paying fields. They did this in most cases to pursue personal fulfillment and obtain a sense of financial independence.

false

The economic boom of the 1950s was caused by a combination of several factors. Identify the causes of this exceptional growth in the 1950s.

government policies the country's global dominance

The 1954 update to the doctrine of containment, announced by Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, that declared a Soviet attack on any American ally would be countered by a nuclear attack on the Soviet Union, was called "brinksmanship" by its critics and this by supporters.

massive retaliation

First artificial satellite to orbit the earth; launched October 4, 1957, by the Soviet Union

sputnik

The principal organization in the Southwest—the equivalent of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)—that challenged restrictions on housing and employment, as well as the segregation of Latino students was named

the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC).

What was the coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists that pressed for desegregation and was formed in 1955, and in whose organizing Martin Luther King Jr., took the lead?

the Southern Christian Leadership Conference

The National Defense Education Act, which for the first time offered direct federal funding for higher education, was passed into law by Congress in 1957 in response to

the Soviet launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, Sputnik.

Identify the causes of the population increase that followed the baby boom that took place after World War II.

the availability of "miracle" drugs that extended life expectancy the continued increase in births

Identify the events that led to the civil rights revolution of the 1950s.

the destabilization of the racial system during WWII the rise of independent states in the Third World with nonwhite leaders the mass migration of blacks out of the segregated South

Under this kind of program, cities demolished poor neighborhoods in city centers that occupied potentially valuable real estate; in its place were constructed retail centers and all-white middle-income housing complexes.

urban renewal