HY121 Midterm Smartbooks
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
ratification of Thirteenth Amendment; Tenure of Office Act; impeachment of Johnson; election of Grant
Which was not a principal task of the Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1870)?
support black churches and businesses
What was the name of the labor organization of principally white, male, skilled workers that arose in the 1880s and was headed by Samuel Gompers?
the American Federation of Labor
What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?
the Knights of Labor
What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay with regard to China?
the Open Door policy
What war lasted from 1899 to 1903, in which 4,200 Americans and over 100,000 Filipinos perished?
the Philippine War
Sharecropping:
was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor (because they were less subject to supervision).
Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction:
were often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine.
What was the name of the naval officer and his 1890 book that argued that no nation could prosper without a large fleet of ships engaged in international trade, protected by a powerful navy operating overseas bases?
Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
Who among the following was not a leader of the Radical Republicans?
Andrew Johnson
A union of writers and social reformers who believed American energies should be directed at home, businessmen fearful of the cost of maintaining overseas outposts, and racists who did not wish to bring non-white populations into the United States.
Anti Imperialist League
Speech in which Booker T. Washington repudiated the abolitionist tradition that stressed ceaseless agitation for full equality, urging blacks not to try to combat segregation.
Atlanta Speech
In which of the following nations was the institution of slavery replaced by indentured servitude?
British Guiana
True or False: According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor, and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations.
False
True or False: While corruption was almost nonexistent in the North, it was rampant in the South.
False
In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following except:
Irish Americans.
Which of the following was not a central principle of the American Federation of Labor?
It is vital that unions include workers of all backgrounds, regardless of race, ethnicity, sex, or skill.
Organized in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1866 to terrorize former slaves who voted and held political offices during Reconstruction; a revived organization in the 1910s and 1920s
KKK
What was the book in which Henry George proposed a "single tax" on real estate that would replace all other taxes?
Progress and Poverty
The coalition of merchants, planters, and business entrepreneurs who dominated politics in the American South after 1877 called themselves:
Redeemers.
The first federal agency intended to regulate economic activity, and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable, and favoritism was avoided was:
The Interstate Commerce Commission.
Spoke for all 'producing classes' and embarked on a remarkable effort of community organization and education.
The People's Party or Populists
Which of the following was not a theme of Social Darwinism?
The growing gulf between the haves and the have-nots poses a dire threat to American freedom.
True or False: On December 29, 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 American Indians, mostly women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota.
True
True or False: The Bargain of 1877 marked the formal end to Reconstruction.
True
True or False: The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists.
True
True or False: Black Codes sometimes assigned black children to work for their former masters without parental consent.
True
True or False: Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens argued that planters' land should be confiscated and redistributed among former slaves.
True
True or False: The period of Radical Reconstruction began in March 1867 with Congress's adoption of the Reconstruction Act over the president's veto and ended in 1877.
True
The Woman's Christian Temperance Union began by demanding the prohibition of alcoholic drinks, but developed into an organization:
calling for a comprehensive program of economic and political reforms, including the right to vote.
According to Eric Foner, the federal government contributed to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century by:
granting land to railroads, removing Indians from desirable lands in the West, and enacting high tariffs.
Which was not a central factor in the explosive economic growth in the second Industrial Revolution?
low tariffs
The Fourteenth Amendment:
marked the most important change in the U.S. Constitution since the Bill of Rights.
In 1900, in the entire South, how many public high schools for blacks existed?
none
In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?
none
In consequence of the "Bargain of 1877," President Rutherford B. Hayes:
ordered federal troops to be withdrawn from the South.
In 1916, President Wilson sent more than 10,000 troops into Mexico in an effort (that proved unsuccessful) to arrest:
"Pancho" Villa, who had killed seventeen Americans in an attack on Columbus, New Mexico.
In early 1929, the income of the wealthiest 5 percent of American families was greater than that of the bottom:
60 percent.
Organization founded during World War I to protest the suppression of freedom of expression in wartime; played a major role in court cases that achieved judicial recognition of Americans' civil liberties.
American Civil Liberties Union
Derisive term for northern emigrants who participated in the Republican governments of the Reconstruction South; southern white Republicans some former Unionists who supported Reconstruction governments.
Carpetbaggers and scalawags
The immigrants facing the harshest reception in late-nineteenth-century America were those arriving from:
China
Established by Congress in 1933 and ending in 1942, the program set unemployed young men to work on projects like forest preservation, flood control, and the improvement of national parks and wildlife preserves.
Civilian Conservation Corp
An attorney renowned for his contributions to the causes of labor, racial equality, and civil liberties was:
Clarence Darrow.
Law passed in 1887 meant to encourage adoption of white norms among Indians; broke up tribal holdings into small farms for Indian families, with the remainder sold to white purchasers.
Dawes Act
Great Plains counties where millions of tons of topsoil were blown away from parched farmland in the 1930s; massive migration of farm families followed.
Dust Bowl
True or False: American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.
False
True or False: American women overwhelmingly supported the Equal Rights Amendment; American men overwhelmingly opposed it.
False
True or False: As real workers' wages rose by 25 percent in the period between 1922 and 1929, the sharply unequal distribution of wealth that characterized the nineteenth-century United States gave way increasingly to an equal distribution of wealth.
False
True or False: Beginning about 1880, "new immigrants" were welcomed with open arms by the American people.
False
True or False: Black Americans were unwelcome as members of the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
False
True or False: By 1932, one-quarter of the U.S. labor force could not find work.
False
True or False: During the 1920s, as sociologists Robert and Helen Lyndon found in Middletown, elections were lively centers of public attention, much as they had been in the nineteenth century.
False
True or False: During the 1920s, the United States government showed little interest in world affairs.
False
True or False: Gifford Pinchot held that logging, mining, and grazing on public lands should be eliminated.
False
True or False: Ida Tarbell authored the famous novel House of Mirth, which depicted the downfall of a young woman trying to "marry up" in society.
False
True or False: In consequence of the Reconstruction governments across the South, the region became a vibrant and successful hub of dynamic and expansive economic growth, allowing many African-Americans to escape from poverty.
False
True or False: In intervening in Caribbean countries in the early twentieth century, the United States generally sought to promote peace, democracy, and freedom.
False
True or False: President Wilson won reelection in 1916 on the slogan, "We must fight to make the world safe for democracy."
False
True or False: Settlement house workers, social scientists, and Progressives in general placed demands for black suffrage at the forefront of their efforts.
False
True or False: The 1911 Triangle Fire was a fire in a triangular region of Massachusetts between the towns of Worcester, Boston, and Salem.
False
True or False: The Black Codes were laws passed by southern Republicans to promote black rights.
False
True or False: The Fifteenth Amendment granted the vote to white women but not black women.
False
True or False: The Ku Klux Klan sought to uphold the American ideal of equality and justice for all.
False
True or False: The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches.
False
True or False: The broad-ranging federal legislation that transformed the federal government's role in the American economy during the first two years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency brought the nation out of economic depression, and resulted in nearly full employment.
False
True or False: The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians.
False
True or False: The new American Indian tribes that migrated to the Great Plains were greeted with open arms and friendly words by the Indians already living there.
False
True or False: Under Radical Reconstruction, blacks held most of the South's top elected positions.
False
True or False: While the status of Mexican-Americans improved markedly under the New Deal, that of American Indians grew substantially worse.
False
True or False: Women reformers devoted little attention to labor conditions, regarding that as a "man's issue."
False
Which was not the case with regard to American labor and workers in 1934?
Farmers from California to Maine led a general strike for shorter hours, better pay, and improved working conditions.
Created to enforce existing antitrust laws that prohibited business combinations in restraint of trade.
Federal Trade Commission
Early twentieth-century term describing the economic system pioneered by Ford Motor Company based on high wages and mass consumption.
Fordism
The idea proposed by Andrew Carnegie in 1889 that those who are wealthy have an obligation to use their resources to improve society.
Gospel of Wealth
The 1892 presidential election was won by:
Grover Cleveland, the Democrat.
Which of the following can be associated with the death of the Knights of Labor?
Haymarket Square
Which is not true of Franklin D. Roosevelt?
He served as governor of Massachusetts in the 1920s.
Who won the presidential election of 1928?
Herbert Hoover
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
Herbert Hoover victory over Alfred E. Smith; stock market crash; Hawley-Smoot tariff; creation of Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Formed in 1938 to investigate subversives in the government and holders of radical ideas more generally; best-known investigations were of Hollywood notables and of former State Department official Alger Hiss, who was accused in 1948 of espionage and Communist Party membership. Abolished in 1975.
House Un-American Activities Committee
The law of 1924 established, in effect, for the first time the new category of the _________. With it came a new enforcement mechanism, the Border Patrol, charged with policing the land boundaries of the United States and empowered to arrest and deport persons who entered the country in violation of the new nationality quotas or other restrictions.
Illegal Alien
Which of the following was not a major reason for the decline and subjugation of the American Indian?
Indifference to the advantages of guns and horses weakened Indian resistance to U.S. military power.
Which was not a decision of the United States Supreme Court in 1934-1936 concerning New Deal legislation?
It declared the Civilian Conservation Corps constitutional, insofar as it abided the interstate commerce clause in the United States Constitution.
The leader of the band of several hundred unemployed men who marched on Washington in May 1894 to demand economic relief was:
Jacob Coxey.
The commissioner of Indian affairs who launched an "Indian New Deal" that ended a policy of forced assimilation and allowed Indians unprecedented cultural autonomy, and who secured the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, was:
John Collier.
Who authored The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money and asserted that large-scale government deficit-spending was appropriate during economic downturns?
John Maynard Keynes
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
Kansas Exodus; Civil Rights Cases; Booker T. Washington's Atlanta address; Plessy v. Ferguson
Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African-Americans migrated to:
Kansas.
The West's leading industrial center, a producer of oil, automobiles, aircraft, and Hollywood movies, was:
Los Angeles, California.
What was the name of the British liner sunk by a German submarine in May 1915 that resulted in the deaths of more than 1,000 passengers, including 124 Americans?
Lusitania
Writers who exposed corruption and abuses in politics, business, meatpacking, child labor, and more, primarily in the first decade of the twentieth century; their popular books and magazine articles spurred public interest in reform.
Muckrakers
A famous brief citing scientific and sociological studies to demonstrate that because they had less strength and endurance than men, long hours of labor were dangerous for women, while their unique ability to bear children gave the government a legitimate interest in their working conditions.
Muller v Oregon
In hopes of protecting the Chinese market for U.S. exports, Secretary of State John Hay demanded in 1899 that Chinese trade be open to all nations.
Open Door Policy
What landmark United States Supreme Court decision gave approval to state laws requiring separate facilities for whites and blacks?
Plessy vs. Ferguson.
Conservative white Democrats, many of them planters or businessmen, who reclaimed control of the South following the end of Reconstruction.
Redeemers
Why did the nation's urban working-class voters shift their support en masse to the Republican Party in 1894 in significant degree?
Republicans claimed that raising tariff rates would restore prosperity by protecting manufacturers and industrial workers from the competition of cheap imported goods.
Who was the early-twentieth-century governor of Wisconsin who believed that the state was a "laboratory for democracy," developed what came to be known as the Wisconsin Idea, taxed corporate wealth, and initiated state regulation of public utilities?
Robert M. La Follette
In what legal case did Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., declare that the First Amendment did not prevent Congress from prohibiting speech that presented a "clear and present danger"
Schenck v. U.S.
In what legal case did Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., declare that the First Amendment did not prevent Congress from prohibiting speech that presented a "clear and present danger"?
Schenck v. U.S.
A case in which nine young black men were arrested for the rape of two white women in Alabama in 1931. Despite the weakness of the evidence against the __________ and the fact that one of the two accusers recanted, Alabama authorities three times put them on trial and three times won convictions. Landmark Supreme Court decisions overturned the first two verdicts and established legal principles that greatly expanded the definition of civil liberties -- that defendants have a constitutional right to effective legal representation, and that states cannot systematically exclude blacks from juries. But the Court allowed the third set of convictions to stand, which led to prison sentences for five of the defendants.
Scottsboro Boys
Enacted in 1917; required 24 million men to register with the draft.
Selective Service Act
Tactic adopted by labor unions in the mid- and late 1930s, whereby striking workers refused to leave factories, making production impossible; proved highly effective in the organizing drive of the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
Sit-Down Strike
Preached by liberal Protestant clergymen in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization.
Social Gospel
Created a system with provisions for a retirement pension, unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and public assistance (welfare).
Social Security Act
The House of Representatives approved articles of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson for violation of what law?
The Tenure of Office Act
True Or False: Eleanor Roosevelt transformed the role of "first lady," making it a base for political action.
True
True or False Julia Lathrop was the first woman to head a federal agency; in 1912, she took up leadership of the Children's Bureau.
True
True or False: "Social legislation" includes governmental action taken to address urban problems and the insecurities of working-class life.
True
True or False: "Vertical integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution.
True
True or False: A consumer culture in which the purchase of consumer goods (even if this meant going into debt) came increasingly to replace thrift and self-denial, which had earlier characterized notions of good character.
True
True or False: A significant amount of Mexican-era landholdings were made available for sale because United States courts only recognized land titles to individual plots of land.
True
True or False: After emancipation, many freedwomen elected to withdraw from work in the fields and focus their energies at home.
True
True or False: An oversupply of cotton on the world market, which led to a sharp decline in prices, contributed to a farmers' revolt and gave rise to the Populist movement.
True
True or False: At times, Progressives sought to expand popular democracy; other times, they sought to restrict it.
True
True or False: Beginning with a sit-down strike of 7,000 General Motors workers in Cleveland, Ohio, sit-down strikes spread to Flint, Michigan, and elsewhere in the mid-1930s.
True
True or False: Between 1929 and 1933, about 5,000 banks (one-third of the nation's total) failed.
True
True or False: Black Americans continued to hold offices in the South into the 1890s.
True
True or False: Black Codes denied black Americans the right to testify against whites, serve on juries or in state militias, or vote.
True
True or False: Business leaders like Henry Ford and engineers like Herbert Hoover were cultural heroes in the 1920s.
True
True or False: By 1900, in more than half of the states women possessed the right to vote on school issues, and four western states allowed women full suffrage.
True
True or False: By 1900, more than 80,000 women in the United States had earned college degrees.
True
True or False: By 1910, almost 60 percent of workers in leading manufacturing and mining industries were foreign-born.
True
True or False: By 1929, 80 million Americans went to the movies each week, and almost 5 million owned radios.
True
True or False: By 1929, the United States produced more than 40 percent of the world's manufactured goods.
True
True or False: Directly or indirectly, J.P. Morgan controlled 40 percent of the financial and industrial capital in the United States in the opening years of the twentieth century.
True
True or False: During 1919, more than 250 people died in riots in northern cities.
True
True or False: During Reconstruction, a number of state governments initiated civil rights legislation that made it illegal for railroads, hotels, and other institutions to discriminate on the basis of race.
True
True or False: Eugene Victor Debs, a Socialist Party leader, was imprisoned for delivering an antiwar speech.
True
True or False: Feminists who supported mothers' pensions believed these pensions would empower single women.
True
True or False: In 1915, the United States Supreme Court invalidated the "grandfather clause" for violating the Fifteenth Amendment.
True
True or False: In 1925, John Scopes, a public schoolteacher in Tennessee, was convicted of violating the state's law against the teaching of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.
True
True or False: In marriage, according to advertisements in the 1920s, women were expected to find happiness and freedom within the home, especially in the use of new labor-saving appliances.
True
True or False: In the 1919 steel strike, workers demanded union recognition, higher wages, and an eight-hour day.
True
True or False: In the 1934 and 1936 elections, black Americans abandoned their traditional allegiance to the Republican Party in favor of the Democrats and the New Deal.
True
True or False: In the three years after 1929, gross domestic production fell by one-third in the United States.
True
True or False: Like the American Federation of Labor, the National American Woman Suffrage Association was infused with the social elitism of the times.
True
True or False: More people were killed by the flu (epidemic of influenza) at the end of World War I than died during all the years of fighting in that war.
True
True or False: Most Americans who looked to expand America's influence overseas were interested, not in territorial possessions, but in expanded trade.
True
True or False: Nearly a million African-Americans migrated from the American South during the 1920s.
True
True or False: Neither of the two main political parties embraced any serious federal program to cushion citizens from poverty or unemployment.
True
True or False: One current of Progressive-era political thought promoted the view that experts—college professors and others able to apply scientific methods to modern social problems—ought to direct government policy.
True
True or False: President Warren G. Harding died suddenly of a heart attack in 1923.
True
True or False: Russia and Germany suffered under the respective tyrants Stalin and Hitler during the 1930s.
True
True or False: Southern Democrats persistently raised the threat of "Negro domination" (a process often referred to as demagoguery) to justify denying blacks the right to vote.
True
True or False: The 1905 Niagara movement derived its name from the fact that a group of black leaders met at Niagara Falls, Canada, since no hotel on the American side would accommodate them.
True
True or False: The 1920s was a decade of social tensions between rural and urban Americans, as well as traditional and "modern" Christianity.
True
True or False: The Federal Housing Authority (FHA) ensured millions of mortgages issued by private banks; and during the 1930s, the federal government set out, for the first time, to build thousands of units of low-rent housing for American citizens.
True
True or False: The Federal Reserve System (1913) and the Federal Trade Commission (1914) were major examples of the remarkable expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy during the Progressive era.
True
True or False: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) launched a long battle for the enforcement of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.
True
True or False: The National Industrial Recovery Act boosted the prospects for American unionism, but did little to restore economic prosperity.
True
True or False: The National Recovery Act was modeled on the government-business partnership of the War Industries Board of World War I.
True
True or False: The National Recovery Administration (NRA) exempted businesses from antitrust laws.
True
True or False: The Progressive era was a time of economic expansion that produced millions of new jobs and brought unprecedented material wealth to millions of Americans.
True
True or False: The first "hundred days" of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's presidency witnessed the greatest expansion in the role of the federal government in the nation's history.
True
True or False: The first World Series was played in 1903.
True
True or False: The new radical "bohemia" that thrived in places like Greenwich Village explored fresh ways of thinking about politics, culture, and sexuality.
True
True or False: The term "Lochnerism" derived from the 1905 Supreme Court decision Lochner v. New York, in which the Court voided the state's law establishing a ten-hour day maximum for bakers.
True
True or False: When President Woodrow Wilson traveled to Paris at the end of World War I, he was met by tens of thousands of cheering citizens.
True
True or False: When nine young black men—the "Scottsboro boys"—were arrested for the rape of two white women in Alabama in 1931, the Communist-dominated International Labor Defense represented them in what became an international cause
True
True or False: While many were troubled by the ongoing slaughter overseas, most Progressives regarded wartime mobilization as an extraordinary chance to remake American society.
True
True or False: Women's freedom in the 1920s was characterized by unapologetic use of birth control methods such as the diaphragm.
True
The treaty signed at the Versailles peace conference after World War I which established President Woodrow Wilson's vision of an international regulating body, redrew parts of Europe and the Middle East, and assigned economically crippling war reparations to Germany, but failed to incorporate all of Wilson's Fourteen Points.
Versailles Treaty
The congressman from Nebraska who was the Democratic Party nominee for president in 1896 and who called for the "free coinage" of silver was:
William Jennings Bryan.
Widely-sold newspapers, so called by their critics after the color in which a popular comic strip was printed, that mixed sensational accounts of crime and political corruption with aggressive appeals to patriotic sentiments.
Yellow Press
The 1892 People's Party platform, written by Ignatius Donnelly and adopted at the party's Omaha convention, proposed all of the following except:
a decentralization over the control of currency.
The politics of Gilded Age America was said to be
a time of dishonesty and corruption in which corporations battled each other for special consideration by local state and federal governments.
The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is:
"Cooperative commonwealth"
A leading characterization of U.S. foreign policy in the early twentieth century was:
"Dollar Diplomacy."
The United States entered World War I in April of 1917 only after Germany resumed submarine warfare against its ships in the Atlantic and:
after discovery of the Zimmermann Telegram.
The southern Black Codes:
allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts.
President Wilson's foreign policy that called for active intervention to remake the world in America's image, and which asserted the view that greater freedom worldwide would follow from increased American investment and trade abroad was called:
liberal internationalism.
The Freedmen's Bureau:
made notable achievements in improving African-American education and health care.
Which was not created by the Social Security Act of 1935, which launched the American welfare state?
minimum wage and child labor laws
Of the great ideologies that had arisen in the nineteenth century, which, by 1920, had proven most powerful?
nationalism
The 1897 Dingley Tariff:
raised tariff rates to their highest level in American history to that time.
In March 1933, Congress established the federal government as a direct employer of the unemployed when it authorized the hiring of young men to work on projects to improve national parks, forests, and flood control, through what was called:
the Civilian Conservation Corps.
The proposed constitutional amendment to eliminate all legal distinctions "on account of sex" promoted by Alice Paul was:
the Equal Rights Amendment.
A principal organization in the early twentieth century that battled for civil liberties and the right of individual freedom of speech was:
the Industrial Workers of the World.
The industrial revolution in the United States took place principally in:
the Northeast and the Midwest.
The American foreign policy principle that held that the United States had a right to exercise "an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere was called:
the Roosevelt Corollary.
President Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for helping to negotiate a settlement of:
the Russo-Japanese War of 1905.
The "splendid little war" of 1898 was:
the Spanish-American War
Which of the following was not a significant development in postwar America?
the constitutional enfranchisement of African-Americans
The House of Representatives' Un-American Activities Committee, established in 1938, set out to investigate disloyalty with an expansive definition of "un-American" that included all of the following groups except:
the left wing of the Democratic Party.
How many soldiers perished during World War I worldwide?
10 million
Who was the first cabinet member in American history to be convicted of a felony—for accepting nearly $500,000 from businessmen to whom he leased government oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming?
Albert Fall
Who was the leader of the National Woman's Party, an organization that employed militant tactics in favor of women's suffrage?
Alice Paul
Farms that covered thousands of acres and employed large numbers of agricultural wage workers.
Bonanza
The federal organization established to explain the war to the American people and that trained some 75,000 Four-Minute Men to deliver short talks in support of America's war effort was called:
Committee on Public Information.
Reception center in New York Harbor and California through which most European immigrants to America were processed from 1892 to 1954.
Ellis Island and Angel Island
First New Deal measure that provided for reopening the banks under strict conditions and took the United States off the gold standard.
Emergency Banking Act
True or False: Farmers experienced booming profits during the 1920s.
False
In Progressive-era America, what particular locale became known as a center of sexual experimentation, attracting women interested in free sexual expression and, with its aura of tolerance, attracted many homosexuals?
Greenwich Village in New York City
Women's emancipation movement in the social, economic, cultural, and sexual spheres.
New Feminism
Who were the two immigrants arrested for their participation in a robbery in which a security guard was killed whose case became a cause c?3Žl?2 bre?
Nicola Sacco and Bartholomeo Vanzetti
The amendment to the United States Constitution that provides that United States senators will be chosen by popular vote rather than by state legislatures is:
The Seventeenth Amendment
(1913) Legalized the federal income tax.
The Sixteenth Amendment
All of the following were muckrakers except:
Theodore Roosevelt.
True or False: Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer sent federal agents to raid the offices of radical and labor organizations in November 1919 and January 1920 as part of the Red Scare.
True
True or False: By 1940, union membership had more than doubled from that of 1930.
True
True or False: Comparatively high wages and efficient mass production characterized the American economy of the 1920s.
True
True or False: Following the outbreak of World War I, the Allied and Central Powers each acted to block American trade with their adversaries.
True
True or False: The 1912 Progressive Party platform set out a blueprint for a modern welfare state.
True
True or False: The Tennessee Valley Authority brought electric power to many Americans for the first time.
True
True or False: The original Social Security bill included a national system of health insurance, but this provision was dropped after fierce opposition from the American Medical Association.
True
True or False: W. E. B. Du Bois asserted the need for the "talented tenth" of the African-American community to step forward and take the lead in education and training to challenge inequality faced by black Americans.
True
The worst race riot in American history occurred in 1921, when more than 300 blacks were killed and over 10,000 were left homeless after white mobs burned an all-black section of which city to the ground?
Tulsa, Oklahoma
The idea that white imperialism contributed to the progress of civilization.
White Man's Burden
Dollar Diplomacy, the U.S. foreign policy that emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks, rather than direct military intervention, was the policy of:
William Howard Taft.
A leading opponent of American imperialism was:
William Jennings Bryan.
The organization of middle-class and upper-class women and impoverished immigrants founded in 1903 to bring women workers into unions was called the:
Women's Trade Union League.
Part of the Second New Deal, it provided jobs for millions of the unemployed on construction and arts projects.
Works Progress Admin
"Waving the bloody shirt" referred to:
a Republican attempt to associate Democrats with secession and treason.
The "Open Door" policy refers to:
a key principle of American foreign relations that emphasizes the free flow of trade, investment, and information.
The term "Progressive" that came into common use around 1910 describes:
a loosely defined political movement of individuals and groups who hoped to bring about social and political change in American life.
Which was not one of the devices used by southern whites to keep blacks from exercising suffrage?
a religious test
During Reconstruction, the black church functioned as a vital setting for:
all of the above. (schooling, political mobilization, worship)
The emphasis of the Second New Deal was on:
economic security, in an effort to protect Americans against poverty and unemployment.
Progressive-era women's rights activists were:
engaged in a wide range of social causes.
Which of the following best describes the Ghost Dance?
feared by U.S. Army officials
The crop-lien system:
kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.
The Black Codes were:
laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves.
The 1887 Dawes Act:
led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.
Upon taking office in 1921, Warren G. Harding promised a return to:
normalcy.
President Herbert Hoover's 1932 Reconstruction Finance Corporation did all of the following except:
offered direct relief to the unemployed.
In Charlotte Perkins Gilman's view, as she wrote in her influential book Women and Economics (1898):
prevailing gender norms condemned women to a life of domestic drudgery; women were oppressed, and a housewife was an unproductive parasite.
Following the Civil War, white and black farmers in the South:
saw the price of cotton fall steadily.
The Redeemers in the South:
slashed state budgets, cut taxes, and reduced spending on hospitals and public schools.
The Fifteenth Amendment:
sought to guarantee that one could not be denied suffrage rights based on race.
In which industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune?
steel
The 1922 self-imposed guidelines in the film industry that prohibited depicting adultery, nudity, and long kisses, and barred scripts that portrayed clergymen in a negative light was called:
the Hays Code.
The anti-black, anti-Catholic, and anti-Semitic organization that claimed over 3 million members by the mid-1920s was:
the Ku Klux Klan.
What 1935 law outlawed "unfair labor practices," and was known at the time as "Labor's Magna Carta"?
the Wagner Act
Which of the following was not a significant development in American race relations during the first two decades of the twentieth century?
the ascent of racial equality to the top of the Progressive agenda
In February 1898, what ship exploded in Havana Harbor with a loss of nearly 270 lives?
the battleship Maine
In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was:
the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent
Pope Leo XIII's 1894 Rerum Novarum and the Catholic priest Father John A. Ryan's A Living Wage (1906) called for all of the following except:
the view that the Catholic Church should in no way become involved in discussions of wages, working conditions, and the ethical basis of the free market economy.