Idk bio
The diagram below represents a specialized cell located in the root of a plant. The arrows in the diagram indicate the movement of molecules of oxygen and water into the cell. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366919/preview Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the process responsible for the movement of each type of molecule represented in the diagram? https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366913/preview
2
The diagram below represents a cell and some molecules in its environment. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366920/preview Which molecule would require the use of energy in order to be brought into the cell?
4
Answer the question below using your knowledge of biology and the diagram below representing an experimental setup. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366912/preview A student filled a dialysis tube with 97% water solution and sealed the ends. The tube and its contents had a mass of 55 grams. The student placed the tube in a solution, and the mass of the tube and its contents increased to 60 grams. Into which solution was the dialysis tube placed?
99% water
The diagram below represents a microscopic structure observed during mitosis. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366966/preview The region indicated by letter A is known as:
A gene
Which of the following could be coded by a tumor-supressor gene?
A protein that helps prevent progression throu
The equations represent two biochemical processes that occur in living organisms. The letter X represents a molecule produced from process 1. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366906/preview What molecule is represented by the letter X?
ATP
A normal sequence of DNA bases in a gene segment from a human skin cell is 5' TACTCGGCATTG 3' what would be the mRNA transcript from this gene segment? 3' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5'
AUGAGCCGUAAC
Genes encode proteins and proteins dictate cell function. Therefore, the thousands of genes expressed in a particular cell determine what that cell can do. Moreover, each step in the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein provides the cell with a potential control point for self-regulating its functions by adjusting the amount and type of proteins it manufactures. Choose the best description of activators and repressors of gene expression.
Activators are, in most cases, proteins that bind to the promotor sequence and the enhancer sequence of DNA upstream of the gene and stimulate the binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA at the gene.
Recent studies have shown that the uses of green algae are boundless. First, scientists at R.I.T. used algae to synthesize biofuel, and recently scientists at Northwestern University and Argonne National have found that freshwater algae can remove strontium 90 from radioactive wastewater. These developments can significantly aid the future effort to clean up radioactive waste at the Fukushima Daichi Plant [a nuclear power plant in Japan]. Scientists discovered that the process begins when the green algae first absorb strontium, calcium, and barium from water. The strontium and barium form crystals inside each algae cell. The crystals remain inside the cells, but the algae filters out and excretes calcium and other minerals that may be present. The strontium is then isolated, and thus able to be treated. Researchers are still figuring the best way to harness the algae's capabilities. Since algae doesn't differentiate between radioactive and inactive strontium (they are chemically identical), it is not known how the algae would hold up in a highly radioactive environment. But the good news is that they have been able to manipulate the algae's process to be more strontium-selective, thus removing as much as possible.... Source: http://inhabitat.com/green-algae-could-help-clean-up-radioactive-nuclear-waste/algae-ed01/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. It can be inferred from this article that
Bioaccumulation in green algae is a first step in removing contaminants from water sources.
Mutations cause many disorders in humans. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disorder that can be passed on from generation to generation. Skin cancer is a disorder that sometimes originates in skin cells as a result of overexposure to the Sun. Which statement best explains the formation of the mutations that cause both cystic fibrosis and skin cancer?
Both of these mutations involve a change in the nucleotide sequence of genes.
Which row in the chart correctly connects the process with the description of actions that occur during the cellular process listed? Process Description A Replication The double helix is unwound and unzipped by helicase that breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the nitrogenous bases together. The leading strand acts as a template for RNA polymerase form a complimentary strand containing adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil B Transcription The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA and various enzymes C Translation messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded in the ribosome decoding center to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide. The ribosome facilitates decoding by inducing the binding of complementary tRNA anticodon sequences to mRNA codons. The tRNAs carry specific amino acids that are chained together into a polypeptide with peptide bonds as the mRNA passes through and is "read" by the ribosome. D Synthesis The double helix is unwound and unzipped by helicase that breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the nitrogenous bases together. The Y shape that is created, the replication fork is where the two separate strands act as templates for the formation of new strands by DNA polymerase.
C
Cells in the human body move through the cell cycle at varying rates. To repair tissues and to grow it is necessary for cells to go through the cell cycle successfully. Which choice best describes the cell cycle?
Cells grow and develop during interphase
Human genetic material is represented in the diagram below. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366965/preview The region labeled A is made up of a section of:
DNA that may direct protein synthesis
Researchers recently discovered that when hammerhead sharks were moved to shallower water, resulting in exposure to increased light intensity, their backs turned a deep brownish black. Which statement best supports this observation?
Genes are inherited, but their expression can be modified by interactions with the environment.
Which observation could lead to the conclusion that an object is non-living?
It cannot perform metabolic processes.
Which of the following is a benefit of sexual reproduction?
It increases genetic variation and variation of phenotypes within a population.
Typhoid fever, a disease that causes headaches, digestive upset, and a high fever, is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. Typhoid can be spread from person to person by contaminated water or food or by a lack of cleanliness. Since the 19th century, the number of individuals infected with this disease has decreased. Which statement best explains why the number of people with this disease and other bacterial diseases has decreased over the last 100 years?
Personal habits, such as hand washing, have greatly reduced contamination from bacteria.
The chart below provides information about two scientific discoveries in the field of biology. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366995/preview Which statement is the best interpretation of the material presented in the chart?
Scientific explanations are built by combining evidence that can be observed with what people already know.
Meselson and Stahl tested the hypothesis of DNA replication. They cultured bacteria in a 15N medium. 15N is a heavy isotope of nitrogen so the DNA synthesized is of heavy density. They then shifted the bacteria to a 14N medium, DNA was isolated at different times corresponding to replication cycles 0, 1, and 2. DNA was isolated at different times corresponding to replication cycles 0, 1, and 2. After one replication cycle, the DNA was all of intermediate density. After two replication cycles, two bands of DNA were seen, one of intermediate density and one of light density. (from http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/dnarep/experiment.html#animation) (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Which of the following hypotheses about DNA replication are supported by the data given?
Semi-conservative replication. In this model, the two strands of DNA unwind from each other, and each acts as a template for synthesis of a new, complementary strand. This results in two DNA molecules with one original strand and one new strand.
Two methods of moving from place to place are represented below. The single-celled amoeba moves by a process that involves the flow of cytoplasm. Which statement is best supported by these diagrams?
Single-celled organisms, like complex organisms, are able to move; however, they differ in the way they carry out this activity.
The diagram represents two solutions, A and B, separated by a selectively permeable membrane. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366915/preview Which statement best describes the outcome after 20 minutes?
Solution A will contain approximately the same number of glucose molecules as solution B.
The diagram represents an experimental setup. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366912/preview Which statement best describes what would most likely be observed after 20 minutes?
The contents of the dialysis tube would turn blue-black.
Which statement is supported by the information in the graph below? https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366903/preview
The enzymes respond in a similar way to changes in temperature.
Nicotine is only one of the many toxic chemicals inhaled while smoking. What effect can such toxic chemicals have on the body?
They can cause uncontrolled cell division.
What might be the result of a mutation of DNA in which a sequence is altered from 5' TAC GGA TGG ACA GCC ACT 3' to 5' TAC GGA TAG ACA GCC ACT 3'
This is a missense point mutation that would cause one amino acid to be different. This may cause a change in shape and function depending on where in the sequence the changed amino acid is found.
Car manufacturers have begun to explore the use of biofuels, such as biodiesel, ethanol, and cooking oils made from plant material. The desired outcome of using these biofuels would be:
a decrease in the use of fossil fuels
The product(s) of translation include:
a polypeptide (amino acid sequence)
Base your answer to this question on the information and diagram below and also on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a plant leaf cell and two different molecules used in the process of glucose synthesis. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366918/preview Molecules 1 and 2 enter the cell and glucose leaves the cell through the process of:
active transport
The concentration of potassium is higher in red blood cells than in the surrounding blood plasma. This higher concentration of potassium is maintained by the process of:
active transport
Using a microscope and a wet-mount slide, a student observed a pond water sample containing paramecia- which are single-celled freshwater organisms. She noticed that there was a structure within each living paramecium that contracted regularly—about four times each minute. She researched the organism in her science textbook and found that the structure was a contractile vacuole and its function was to remove excess water from the paramecium. In the diagram below, a paramecium is represented as seen through a microscope. The function of the contractile vacuole is described below. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366916/preview She decided to determine if the concentration of salt in the environment of the paramecium would affect the rate at which the contractile vacuole would contract. The process used to remove excess water from the paramecium by the contractile vacuole is:
active transport
If the concentration of sodium is greater outside a cell than inside the cell, which process could move sodium out of the cell?
active transport using a protein pump
A chemical was added to hand sanitizers and dish detergents to kill bacteria. Certain species of bacteria are no longer killed by this chemical. One likely reason for the decreased effectiveness of this chemical is that these bacteria have:
after exposure, a mutation for resistance
The inability of an organism to produce certain proteins can occur when an organism is lacking an enzyme needed to combine
amino acids
Sometimes, a person is born with one or more extra chromosomes in each cell. This usually results in abnormalities because the affected person has
an overproduction of proteins from the increased number of genes in each cell compared to a person without the extra chromosome
In living cells, chemical processes, such as synthesis, all require the action of
biological catalysts
Bacteria and humans are similar in that they both:
contain genetic material
Which activity can occur without the use of energy?
contraction of muscle tissue
Using a microscope and a wet-mount slide, a student observed a pond water sample containing paramecia- which are single-celled freshwater organisms. She noticed that there was a structure within each living paramecium that contracted regularly—about four times each minute. She researched the organism in her science textbook and found that the structure was a contractile vacuole and its function was to remove excess water from the paramecium. In the diagram below, a paramecium is represented as seen through a microscope. The function of the contractile vacuole is described below. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366916/preview She decided to determine if the concentration of salt in the environment of the paramecium would affect the rate at which the contractile vacuole would contract. The student predicted that the contractile vacuole would contract fewer times in one minute in a solution that had a higher concentration of salt than that found in typical pond water. This prediction is most likely:
correct, because water would be moving out of the cell through aquaporins/channels in the membrane and into the salt solution
Pneumocystis is an organism normally found in the human lungs that can cause pneumonia. It seldom causes problems in individuals with healthy immune systems. However, people with AIDS sometimes become seriously ill with pneumonia. This is most likely due to the fact that individuals with AIDS have:
difficulty fighting off infections
An experiment was carried out to answer the question "Does the pH of water affect the growth of radish plants?" Two groups of ten radish plants were set up. One group was watered with water having a pH of 3.0, and the other group was watered with water having a pH of 7.0. Both groups of plants received the same amount and intensity of light, the same amount of water, and they were grown in the same type of soil. The heights of the radish plants were measured every 2 days for a period of 2 weeks. Which sentence is a possible question or hypothesis that was tested in this experiment?
does the pH of water affect the growth of radish plants?
Hair follicle cells are long-lived cells in the hair follicle; they are present in the skin and produce hair throughout a person's lifetime. They are "quiescent," meaning they are normally inactive, but they quickly activate during a new hair cycle, which is when new hair growth occurs. The quiescence of hair follicle cells is regulated by many factors. In certain cases they fail to activate, which is what causes hair loss. Researchers at UCLA have found that when lactate production was decreased the study mice showed a loss of hair. The opposite was found when they increased the lactate produced during basic metabolism in these cells. This shows potential as a treatment to increasing hair growth in those with alopecia and hair loss. What multipotent stem cells would this drug be acting upon?
ectodermal stem cell
Using your knowledge of biology and the diagram below- which represents an amoeba engulfing bacteria- https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366917/preview The activity taking place is:
endocytosis
The diagram represents a process used to modify bacterial cells. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366973/preview In the diagram, arrows labeled X and Y represent the use of
enzymes
Female mosquitoes spread diseases when they bite humans to obtain blood. It is only the females that do the biting. Research is being conducted to alter the DNA of male mosquitoes. These altered males could then mate with normal female mosquitoes. All of the resulting female offspring would have wing defects that prevent them from flying. One assumption from this research is that the:
female offspring would be unable to bite humans, since they cannot fly
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a byproduct of cellular metabolism, is broken down by the enzyme catalase which is produced by nearly all organisms. When catalase is added to hydrogen peroxide, a reaction occurs that produces bubbles of oxygen gas (O2) and water (H2O). 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 The laboratory setup represented below was used to investigate the effect of pH on the breakdown of H2O2. Five setups were made with H2O2 solutions, each at a different pH level. Catalase was added to the solution in the first setup and the reaction proceeded for one minute and the amount of gas produced by the reaction was recorded on the data table. This exact procedure was repeated with the other four setups containing different H2O2 solutions. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366905/preview Based on the investigation, the student should conclude that enzymes
function best within a specific range of conditions
Information in segments of human DNA can be expressed by a bacterial cell as a result of
genetic engineering
Female mosquitoes spread diseases when they bite humans to obtain blood. It is only the females that do the biting. Research is being conducted to alter the DNA of male mosquitoes. These altered males could then mate with normal female mosquitoes. All of the resulting female offspring would have wing defects that prevent them from flying. The method used to alter the male mosquitoes is an example of an application of:
genetic transformation
Compared to a normal somatic cell, a normal gamete cell contains
half the number of chromosomes
An experiment was carried out to answer the question "Does the pH of water affect the growth of radish plants?" Two groups of ten radish plants were set up. One group was watered with water having a pH of 3.0, and the other group was watered with water having a pH of 7.0. Both groups of plants received the same amount and intensity of light, the same amount of water, and they were grown in the same type of soil. The heights of the radish plants were measured every 2 days for a period of 2 weeks. What was the dependent variable in this experiment?
heights of the plants
When a paramecium, a single-celled organism, is living under stressful conditions, it sometimes switches from asexual to sexual reproduction. The main advantage when this switch occurs is that the paramecium is most likely to
increase variation among its offspring
A tomato gene, known as the SIKLUH gene, has recently been discovered. The gene leads to the production of larger tomatoes. The gene affects fruit size by increasing cell layers and promoting extra cell divisions. In order to produce large fruit in other commercial plant species, scientists may decide to
insert the gene into other types of plants
In the human body, carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported to cells. Breathing in too much carbon monoxide will most likely result in the production of
less ATP
A virus takes over the ____________ of the host cell when it reproduces.
metabolic machinery
Which cell structure is mainly responsible for releasing energy from food molecules in eukaryotic organisms?
mitochondrion
Some plants increase in height due to changes in specialized regions of cells in the tips of their branches. The processes that result in these changes include:
mitosis, cell growth, and differentiation
For a human zygote to become an embryo, it must undergo
mitotic divisions
The diagram below represents two cells viewed using the same magnification with the same microscope. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366958/preview One possible conclusion that can be drawn about the activity of these two cells is that:
more active transport occurs in cell A than in cell B due to endocytosis
The diagram below represents two processes that occur in organisms. A characteristic represented by X is common to both of these processes. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366921/preview A characteristic that the two processes have in common is that each process:
moves molecules
The process of meiosis begins with:
one diploid cell and ends with 4 haploid cells that are the gametes used in sexual reproduction in the organism
Which sequence best represents increasing complexity?
organelles → cells → tissues → organs
Choose the statement that best describes the purpose of the M phase of the cell cycle.
organize and separate replicated chromosomes into two nuclei
Which process uses energy to combine inorganic molecules to synthesize organic molecules?
photosynthesis
Which process will result in a gain of energy in an ecosystem?
photosynthesis in algae cells
The function of a specific enzyme is most directly influenced by its
physical shape
Potatoes were the main crop in Ireland in the 1800s. Almost the entire population of Ireland was dependent on a single variety of potato, the "lumper." These potatoes were reproduced by a method of asexual reproduction known as vegetative propagation. In the middle of the 1800s, a disease caused by a fungus killed almost the entire lumper crop within two years. As a result, millions of people in Ireland died of starvation. The most likely reason the potato disease was able to destroy the potato crop in such a short time is that the
potato population lacked variations
A function of cell membranes in humans is the:
recognition of certain chemicals
An experiment was carried out to answer the question "Does the pH of water affect the growth of radish plants?" Two groups of ten radish plants were set up. One group was watered with water having a pH of 3.0, and the other group was watered with water having a pH of 7.0. Both groups of plants received the same amount and intensity of light, the same amount of water, and they were grown in the same type of soil. The heights of the radish plants were measured every 2 days for a period of 2 weeks. Which activity might help to increase the validity of this experiment?
repeating the experiment several times
Photosynthesis and respiration are alike in that they both
require specific catalysts
When water is available and growth begins, the plant embryo inside the seed secretes enzymes to digest the starch stored in the seed. The enzymes in cells of the plant embryo are produced directly by the:
ribosomes
A news release about production of farm-raised salmon contains the following information: -The program is mating targeted fish to concentrate key traits in Atlantic salmon stocks. -The three-year process includes spawning, tagging, and choice of parent fish. -The fish are weighed, measured, and monitored to identify those with the best growth rates. -The project examines the performance of fish to determine which fish to use to produce the next generation. These statements indicate that the producers are attempting to improve salmon through the use of:
selective breeding
Even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the
sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein
https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366989/preview The tissues and organs in group A perform functions that are:
similar to those performed by the cell organelles in group B
The chart below contains information about some structures found in single-celled organisms. Screen Shot 2018-01-02 at 7.39.50 PM.png The information in this chart best illustrates the biological concept that:
single-celled organisms contain structures that function in maintaining homeostasis
A fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a (tertiary structure) complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the
specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction
The diagram below represents a portion of a molecule found in cells of the human body. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366947/preview Sequences represented by the letters in this molecule enable human cells to
synthesize enzymes from organic molecules
https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/12195938/preview The following table is a representative sample of Erwin Chargaff's 1952 data, listing the base composition of DNA from various organisms. From this data it can be determined that: https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/12195939/preview
that DNA from any cell of any organisms have more pyrimidine than purine bases
The diagram below represents a technique used in some molecular biology laboratories. https://hcpss.instructure.com/courses/85437/files/9366948/preview Which phrase best describes a possible result of this process?
the production of a human protein by the bacterial cell
The diagram below represents a form of cellular reproduction.
the same number of genes and the same traits
The cytoplasm in a single-celled organism and the circulatory system in a human both:
transport substances throughout the organism
A cell in the leaf of a corn plant contains more chloroplasts than a cell in the stem of a corn plant. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that, when compared to the cell in the stem, the cell in the leaf
uses more carbon dioxide