Ilham LMSW exam SG
Gorski's CENAPS Relapse Model
- Grounded in CBT pschology, involves 6 stages: 6. Maintenance: Individual recognizes a need for continued growth and for balanced living.
Introjection: Defense Mechanism
- Integrating the beliefs and values of another individual into ones own ego structure. EX: Children integrate their parents value system into the process of conscience formation.
grieving process
1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance
Based on the initial evaluation of a 15-year-old boy, a social worker believes that the nature and number of his symptoms suggest a DSM-5 diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), predominantly inattentive presentation. Before assigning the diagnosis, the social worker will want to confirm that some symptoms were present before the boy was _____ years of age and that he exhibits them in at least _____ settings.
12; two
mild substance use disorder
2-3 symptoms
aversion therapy
A behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response.
aversion therapy
A behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response.. ex treating alcohol with Antabuse
Disadvantage of self monitoring
A client can collect inadequate information
enactment
A learning process in which individuals physically carry out tasks.
Agranulocytosis
A life-threatening drop in white blood cells. This condition is sometimes produced by the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine.
Cohort Research Design
A nonexperimental design in which a defined group of people (a cohort) is followed over time to study outcomes for subsets of the cohorts; also called a prospective design
Family Sculpting
A nonverbal experiential technique that consists of physically arranging members of a family in space, which reveals significant aspects of their perceptions and feelings about one another.
identify moratorium
A period marked by confusion, discontent and rebellion, identity moratorium occurs when an adolescent experiences an identity crisis and is actively exploring alternative identities
output
A product of the system that exports to the environment
Groupthink
A situation in which group members seek unanimous agreement despite their individual doubts
single subject design
A wide variety of research designs that use a form of experimental reasoning called baseline logic to demonstrate the effects of the independent variable on the behavior of individual subjects.
Individuals are unwilling to accept
A will greater than their own
Undoing example
A woman shoplifted clothes and then gave them to Goodwill.
A client has completed her treatment goals and is ready to terminate treatment. During her final session with the social worker, the client abruptly says that she has other problems she wants to work on. What should the social worker do FIRST?
Acknowledge the anxiety that normally accompanies termination.
Consent from the parents
Assent from children
Summative evaluation research
Asses the impact of the program- at the end
Gathering Information
Assessment
A child has just entered Kohlberg's "conventional morality" level of moral development. She is MOST likely to follow rules in order to
Avoid disapproval or dislike by others
inhibition
Avoidance of pleasurable activities
Racism
Belief that one race is superior to another
Bipolar 1 vs Bipolar 2
Bipolar 1 has mania and bipolar 2 depression with hypomania
bilateral otitis media
Both ears are infected
highest suicide rate
Caucasian
subsequent
Coming after or later
open system
Cross boundary exchange
Self Psychology
Defines the self as the central organizing and motivating force in personality.
dissociative identity disorder
Depersonalization
Charles Levy
Developed system of social work value: Societal, organizational, institutional, and professional
Charles Levy
Developed the system of social work and categorized them into four group; Societal, organizational, institutional, professional
"rigid, enmeshed, diffuse"
Disengaged subsystems are surrounded by ______ boundaries while ______ subsystems have ________ boundaries.
which of the following is MOST useful for differentiating schizophrenia from schizophreniform disorder?
Duration of symptoms
Which of the following sets of words is BEST representative of community development work?
Empowerment, face-to-face groups, directive, grass-roots.
compensation
Enables one to markup for real or fancied deficiencies
Pretend Technique (Strategic Family Therapy)
Encourage family members to pretend and encourage voluntary control of behavior
A social worker has been leading a weekly therapy group for three weeks. Before the current session, one of the group members arrives early so that he can ask the social worker a question in private about something that happened in last week's group session. How should the social worker handle this?
Encourage the client to ask his question during the group session.
Types of experimental research
Experimental, quasi experimental, and pre expiremdntsl
Catatania
Extreme inactivity or excessive motor activity
Which of the following is riskiest in culture point of view
Eye contact
Delusion of control
False belief that a person's will, thoughts, or feelings are being controlled by external forces.
Vyvanse
Hyperactivity and impulsive control
Crestor
Hyperlipidemia
In group therapy, when is the group leader MOST active?
In the first stage.
serve clients
In the least restrictive environment while ensuring health and safety
Reinforcement techniques
Independent variables
Echopraxia
Mimicry or imitation of the movements of another person.
gender identity disorder
No longer in DSM5
Input
Obtaining resources from the environment that are necessary to attain the goals of the system
recovery of substance abuse
Ongoing process and relapse occurs
parallel process
Over identification with the supervises
Munchausen syndrome by proxy
Parents make up or produce physical illness in their children in an effort to get sympathy and be admired for their dedication to their children
The social action model of community organizing emphasizes which of the following goals?
Reallocation of resources.
The long range focus of community organizing techniques is to
Reduce dependency
Early onset persistent bilateral otitis media with effusion has been linked to which of the following?
Specific learning disorder.
Administrative supervision
Standards of work
A social worker is meeting with a mother, father, and their 4-year-old daughter. During the interview, the girl sits on the floor a few feet away from her parents and flicks her hands repeatedly. What DSM-5 diagnosis is MOST indicated for this girl?
Stereotypic movement disorder.
first order change
Strategic family therapy- Superficial behavioral changes within the system that DO NOT change the structure of the system
paranoid personality disorder
Supportive approach
During interview with a child
The child establish the distance in session
Lesser eligibility
The idea that no person receiving welfare should receive benefit that exceed the wages of lowest paid
Core of the helping process
The rapport established and acceptance of a client and the use of objective feedback
Most popular child
The youngest
With anxiety drugs
There is a high abuse potential
Schizophrenia form
Thought disorder
What is the primary purpose of using self-directed strategies (i.e., self-instruction, self-monitoring, or self-reinforcement) in treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
To help clients gain more control over their own behavior and rely less on support from others.
A social worker begins working with a family on behavioral problems involving the children. Instead of exploring the family's problems in detail, the social worker asks, "When is this problem not a problem?" What is the purpose of this intervention?
To identify exceptions as a resource for positive change.
How would psychoanalyst use transference
To reveal unresolved conflict
Emotional Triangle
Use of a third person or object to alleviate tension; trying to change the third thing perpetuates the actual problem
Enactment of situation
Used in structural family therapy
Stranger anxiety
Very anxious and fearful of strangers at six months; typically disappears by age two
Highly defensive clients
Warmup period
Antidepressants
Wellbutrin Effexor Desyrel Serzone
Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines
What are the 2 major classes of Antianxiety agents?
Discussion about case termination are first raised
When developing a case plan with a client
iatrogenic disease
a condition that is caused by a medical treatment
mastery model
a model that displays no fear
The Colonial Poor Laws established the principle of:
a. neighborly involvement b. local public responsibility c. federal responsibility d. residential care for the poor
ego strength
ability of the ego to effectively deal with the demands of the id. Ego and supergo, those with little ego strength may feel torn between competing depends while those with too much can become rigid.
Hypothermia
abnormally low body temperature
Differentiation (performing)
acceptance of each other as distinct individuals in group
passive
accepting or allowing what happens or what others do, without active response or resistance.
positive punishment
addition of something unpleasant
Carbamazepine
anticonvulsant/mood stabilizer
prn
as needed
Clozaril (Clozapine)
atypical antipsychotic- increased risk of agranulocytosis that requires blood monitoring
mean
average
Solution Focused Brief Therapy
based on the assumption that all individuals possess the ability and resources to solve their problems. SFBT counselors believe that clients can change their thoughts about situations. They believe that clients should only change what isn't working in their lives, and do more of the things that are working key concepts: visitors, complainants, and customers, positive blame, miracle question, scaling question, skeleton keys
Paternalistic orientation
based on the idea that the professions public mission is to enhance the rectitude of its client and enable them to lead gainful life
second order change
basic change in the structure and functioning of a system
hyperlipemia
blood condition with excessive fat treated by medication called Crestor
Twinship
child needs an alter ego for a sense of belonging
borderline personality disorder
condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control, unstable relationship, risky behavior, fear of abandonment, lack of impulse control
Cymbalta
duloxetine (antidepressant)
Cymbalta
duloxetine (antidepressant) SSNRI
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California
duty to warn
Elimination Disorders
enuresis and encopresis
static risk factors
factors such as past history of violent behavior or demographic information that can't be changed
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy
Fixation
inability to progress normally from one stage into another
Preconcious
material just beneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved
elderly people
need a balance between independence and safety
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage
concious
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
olfactory
pertaining to smell
endogenous depression
response to internal factors
egocentric
self-centered
autoerotic asphyxia
self-strangulation for purposes of sexual arousal
ego strength
the ability of the ego to function despite competing demands of the id, superego, and reality
the goal of permanency planning?
to provide continuity in the care of dependent children
gustatory
to taste
Mirroring
validates the child's sense of a perfect self
according to Piaget, adaptation involve
Assimilation: Adding new material/information to an existing schema • This action is received in the conscious level, as well as in the ability to think and problem-solve for the future Accommodation: Altering or revising an existing schema in light of new information• The way children alter their actions and perceptions so that they may think with more advanced and abstract levels of cognition Equilibration: Keeping balance by creating new concepts Assimilation vs. Accommodation (Equilibration) Object Permanence: The appreciation that an object no longer in view can still exist and may reappear later Schema: A system of organized general knowledge stored in long-term memory that guides the encoding and retrieval of information
imaginary friends
4 years
imaginary friends
4 years- piagets preoperational stage
average life span
79 years ol
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
A committee at each institution where research is conducted to review every experiment for ethics and methodology.
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.
managed care
A health care system whose goals are to provide cost effective quality care.
conditioned stimulus
A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response.
silence
Acceptance of feeling
castration anxiety
According to Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development, the fear a boy in the phallic stage experiences due to a fear that his father will render him powerless if his father finds out about his attraction toward his mother.
3 components of supervision
Administrative, education, and supportive
Structural family therapy, solution focused and psycho education have in common
All evidence based
Which of the following would provide an organization with the most power?
Ample resources.
Bowen viewed society as a family
An emotional system complete with its own multigenerational transmission, chronic anxiety, emotional triangle, cutoffs, projection processes and fusion/ differentiation struggle
In which of the following groups is shame and obligation to others a tool for social control, with adherence to rules of conduct a reflection on the individual as well as their entire family?
Asian
couple has sought counseling because they want help improving their relationship. During the first interview, the husband is extremely critical of the wife. What is the social worker's BEST course of action?
Ask the husband to repeat his remarks, then examine them along with the couple.
Advair Diskus
Asthma or COPD
poly sexual
Attracted to many genders
Elevated levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are believed to contribute to which of the following?
Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.
The client is a teenage boy who has been experimenting with drugs and sexual behavior. The boy recently tied a plastic bag over his head. Based on this information, the social worker's PRIMARY impression would be which of the following?
Autoerotic asphyxia.
Social/Situational Learning Theory
Bandura - learning is obtained between people and their environment (interactions and observations)
trauma informed care
Based on an understanding of the vulnerabilities and triggers in psychiatric patients who have histories that include violence and victimization.
phobia
Behavioral group treatment
Past history of violent behavior
Best predictor for future violence
When performing program evaluation
Best to have outside program evaluation organization or independent consultant
In vivo desensitization
Brief and graduated exposure to an actual fear situation or event.- real setting from least to the most anxiety provoking situation
Antidepressant that should be prescribed with extreme caution to patient with history of seizures
Bupropion and ludiomil
The three primary purpose of social work
Caring, counseling, and changing
duty to warn and protect
Clinicians duty to warn of imminent harm to a duty to protect (Tarasoff rule)
What family traits are likely to accompany a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in adolescents
Close family with history of depression eating disorder and alcohol abuse
Entropy
Closed, disorganized, stagnant; using up available energy
The client is a 25-year-old man with severe schizophrenia who has not been responding to the traditional antipsychotic medication he has been taking. Under the circumstances, his psychiatrist is MOST likely to recommend which of the following medications?
Clozaril.
DSM-5 Criteria
Craving or a strong desire or urge to use was added
Bipolar drugs
Depakene- valorous acid Lamictal Lithium Tegretol Topamax
The greatest danger associated with stereotyping is which of the following?
Devaluation of the individual.
Lantus (insulin glargine)
Diabetes/insulin
allocation
Distribution or resources internally
secondary prevention
Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent.
Immersion- emmersion stage
Exploration
social worker smells alcohol on a colleague
First, discuss the issue with the colleague
acquisition
Gathering of financial resources
Privilege based on what?
Gender, race and class
collective rationalization, self censorship, illusion of invunerabikity and characteristics
Group think
self-actualization
Growth need
psychotic medications
Haldol
antipsychotic drugs
Haldol-Haloperidol Loxitane- loxapine Mellaril- thioridazine Moban Navane Prolixin- fluphenazine Serentil Stelazibe Thorazine Trilafon Abilify Clozaril Reisperadol Seroquel Zyprexa
Sever grief and mourning are sometimes accompanied by
Hallucination
Levothyroxine
Hypothyroidism, TSH suppression
quasi-experimental
Includes intervention and comparison but lacks random assignment
Asian
Indirect, avoid confrontation, Confucianism, Buddhist, psychotropic drugs, lower dose of meds, homeopathic method
Groups help through:
Instillation of hope, universality, altruism, interpersonal learning, self-understanding & insight
Progression of effort in community organizing
Orientation, conflict, emergence, reinforcement
Unhealthy people
Overwhelmed by feelings of inferiority
Prozasin
PTSD
Asian
Patriarchal statement; wife has lower statues
Which of the following would be considered a behavioral risk factor for alcohol or other drug abuse?
Poor interpersonal relationship
domestic violence against women is about......
Power and control
A social worker who is interviewing a 4-year-old girl who was molested by a neighbor should be aware of which of the following?
Preschoolers are more vulnerable to suggestion than older children.
Paradoxical directive or instruction
Prescribe the symptomatic behavior so a client realizes he or she can control it; uses the strength of resistance to change in order to move client toward goals
Paradoxical directive or instruction (Strategic Family Therapy)
Prescribe the symptomatic behavior so a client realizes he or she can control it; uses the strength of resistance to change in order to move client toward goals
In strategic therapy
Presenting problem viewed as a response to dis function in the family. It's active, brief, directive, and task centered
There is no federal law
Protecting elderly from abuse
Erick Erickson's Theory
Psychosocial development; how they socialize and how it effects their sense of self. Personality develop throughout their life course and looked at identity crisis as the focal point for each stage
Conversion
Repressed urge is expressed as a disturbances of body functions usually of the sensory; voluntary nervous system as pain, deafness, blindness, paralysis, convulsions
Social worker role in any situation
Resource
What's the purpose fir establishing boundaries with clients ?
Safety
Equafinality
Same end different beginning
gender wage gap
Scholars refers to this drastic differences between wages of women and men doing the same work
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Screening tool that is filled out by the patient to assess the degree of depression. 21 items
humanistic psychology Maslow
Social worker aim to develop the whole person
Dope sick on heroin has physical and psychological side effects. T/F?
T
coercive power
The ability of a manager to punish others
If psychotic symptoms only occur suddenly in the third decade of life
The client will recover
family life cycle
The emotional and intellectual stages from childhood to retirement as a member of family
family projection process (Bowen)
The mechanisms by which parental conflicts are projected onto child or spouse.
tertiary gain
The receipt of positive reinforcement for somaticizing by causing the focus of the family to switch to the individual and away from conflict that may be occurring within the family.
For a social worker who is a covered entity, which of the following is required under HIPAA's Privacy Rule?
The social worker must give the Notice of Privacy Practices to clients at the beginning of or before the first session.
Max Weber
Three component theory of stratification is based on: Wealth, prestige and powerr
What is the primary role of a school social worker
To link the school, home and community
shaping behavior
Training new behavior
According to DSM 5 dissociative disorders are frequently associated with what?
Trauma
Psychotherapy notes
Under Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy regulations, what part of the medical record does patient not have the right to access within his/her own medical record?- psychotherapy notes; keep in a separate locations with higher degree of security
Social worker view poverty as
Undermining the concept of just society
Receiving fees for client referral
Unethical
same-gender sexual behavior
Unrelated to child's sexual orientation
A client has alcohol use disorder and has had trouble staying abstinent in the past. What is the BEST way to approach treatment in this case?
Use Gorski's relapse prevention model.
Behavioral Theory
Use of reinforcement methods to change learners' behaviors
Devaluation
Used by borderline personality; person attributes exaggerated negative quality to self or another "splitting" black or white
Anti manic agents- mood stabilizers
Used for bipolar disorders
structural family therapy
Uses enactments of situations
single subject design
Uses multiple baseline design
eclictic
Using different theories
A couple comes to see a social worker for grief counseling. They discuss an incident that occurred over a year ago where they lost both of their children and suffered their own physical injuries. They explain that they are religious and have been supported by their church in this time of loss, however have been feeling guilty recently for questioning God's reason for taking their sons. How BEST would the social worker respond empathically to this family?
Utilize a double-sided reflection to express how hard it must be to struggle with not only losing their sons, but also questioning their faith
Stockholm Syndrome
Victim sympathize with abuser
Bowen
Viewed society as a family; an emotion system complete with its multigenerational transmission, chronic anxiety, emotional triangles, cuttoff, and projections
Delinquency in adolescence is MOST associated with which of the following?
Weak parental supervision and inconsistent discipline.
High frequency of reliability
Weight
Clozaril (Clozapine) side effects
Weight gain, sedation, salivation, seizures, danger of agranulocytosis, sexual dysfunction, Requires monthly testing of WBC
self-censorship (groupthink)
Withholding of opposing ideas in a group to keep everyone happy
Subsystem
a smaller component of a larger system
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
action therapy in which the goal is to help clients overcome problems by learning to think more rationally and logically- change the way of thinking- change feelings- change behavior
for client who doesn't speak english
always request professional translator- no family member
tertiary intervention
an intervention that occurs after the initial occurrence of symptoms but before irreversible disability occurs to manage symptoms
Four A's in schizophrenia
association, affect, autism, ambivalence
Ventolin
asthma
Ego-syntonic
behaviors in sync with ego (no guilt)
somatic delusions
believes that his body is changing in an unusual way, such as growing a third arm
culture-bound syndromes
clusters of symptoms that define or describe an illness in a particular culture
Qh
every hour
Hypochondriasis
excessive concern about health and disease-unrealistic beliefs that one is ill
Genogram
family tree
Alienation
feeling isolated and separated from everyone else
problem solving
focus on identify the problem, identify solution, picking a solution, trying to see if it will solve the problem
egopsychology
focus on the rational, concious process of the ego
Non-substance related disorders
gambling disorder
Nature vs. Nurture
genes (nature) or environmental factors (nurture) contribute more to a person's being
anticipatory grief
grief experienced prior to a loss
class polarization
growing concentration of people into two classes
androgynous
having both male and female characteristics
visual
having to do with sight or seeing
The results of a Rorschach test would be MOST useful for which of the following purposes?
identify thinking patterns
primitive defense mechanisms
introjection, denial, regression, acting out, dissociation, compartmentalization, projection, reaction formation
long-term care Ombudsman (LTCO)
investigates and resolves nursing home, assisted living, and other facility-based complaints.
egocentric
is having little or no regard for others' interests, beliefs, or attitudes (e.g., being self-centered).
6 levels of cognition
knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
pre-experimental group
least robust-they only contain intervention group
consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
dyspareunia
painful sexual intercourse
Tardive dyskinesia (TD)
potentially disabling motor disorder that may occur following regular use of antipsychotic drugs
the defensive orientation
protection and risk management of the social worker
Denial
refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities
statutory rape
sexual intercourse with a minor
collective rationalization
situation in which group members ignore warnings about their decisions
-phasia
speaking
soap
subjective, objective, assessment, plan
first order change
superficial behavioral change within a system that do not change the structure
illusion of invulnerability
the belief that misfortune only happens to others
Under the Indian Child Welfare Act, adoptions involving Native American children require a release from:
the birth parents and the tribe.
In crisis theory, the initial shock that disrupts a person's equilibrium and initiates a series of reactions that may culminate in a crisis is called:
the hazardous event
legitimate power
the power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization
closed system
uses up its energy and dies
group think
when a group is insulated from outside opinions and make choices irrationally, without truly considering available evidence
Erotomanic delusions
when an individual believes falsely that another person is in love with him or her
A social worker begins working in therapy with a young married couple. In the third session, the wife suddenly asks the social worker if she has any children. What is the social worker's BEST response?
"I'm wondering why you ask."
Erik Erikson stages of development
(1) Trust vs. Mistrust; 1 year (2) Autonomy vs. Shame; 1-3 (3) Initiative vs. Guilt; 3-6 (4) Industry vs. Inferiority;pubert (5) Identity vs. Confusion; adolescents (6) Intimacy vs. Isolation; young adulthood (7) Generativity vs. Stagnation; mid adulthood (8) Integrity vs. Despair. Older
Normal Symbiotic Phase
(Mahler's Theory of Development). 1-5 months. Dim awareness of caretaker, but infant still functions as if he and caretaker are in state of undifferentiation or fusion. Social smile characteristic (two to four months). The child believe that the caretaker and the child are one entity
Diovan
(Valsartan) Antihypertensive/ heart disease failure
Freud Phallic Stage
(about ages three to six) - Identity disturbance (Oedipus/ Electra complex)As the child reaches almost four, he/she becomes aware of his/her own sexual identification, discovering pleasure when his/her genital area is stimulated. He/she also becomes aware of differences between boys and girls. Freud felt a process of this stage was feelings of sexual bonding to the parent of the opposite sex. He categorized these as: The Oedipus Complex (castration anxiety) - Boys feeling sexually attracted to their mother and feeling competitive with father for her attentions The Electra Complex (penis envy) - Girls feeling sexually attracted to their fathers and jealous of their father's attentions for their motherFreud theorized the central developmental undertaking the child faces in this stage would be to repress this sexual desire. Recognizing the need to compensate his/her relationship with the parent of the same sex, the child embraces his/her sexual identity, developing his/her superego by bonding and adapting male role norms if a boy and female role norms if a girl.
tangential
(adj) only slightly relevant, going off topic
Disorientation and Confusion
* awareness of person, place, time and situation * retain personal information the longest * forget situational information first
Intellectualization Defense Mechanism
- An attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with a stressful situation by using the intellectual process of logic, reasoning and analysis. Anorexia
Repression (defense mechanism)
- Involuntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from ones awareness. EX: An accident victim can remember nothing about the accident
reaction formation (defense mechanism)
- Preventing unacceptable thoughts or behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts or types of behaviors. EX: Jane hates nursing. She attended nursing school to please her parents. During career day, she speaks to prospective students about the excellence of nursing as a career.
Research Steps
- Select problem (identify) - Review previous studies (literature review) - Develop hypotheses/ RQ - data - method - result
Clozaril (Clozapine)
- atypical antipsychotic (DA234 and 5-HT2A antagonists) - Improves positive and negative symptoms - Decreased risk of EPS, increase risk of type 2 diabetes - Can cause agranulocytosis
factors affecting group cohesion include
- group size, homogeneity (similarity of group members), participation in goal and norm setting for group, interdependence (dependent on one another for achievement of common goals), member stability (frequent change in membership results in less cohesiveness
Ethical Problem Solving
- identify the ethical standards - determine whether dilemma exist - weighing the issue - suggestion and modification - monitor
Social work research design
- identify the problem -literature review - clear hypothesis -data
Respiradone SE
- may increase prolactin (causing lactation and gynecomastia) GnRH, LH, and FSH (causing irregular menstruation and fertility issues). - of atypical, highest association w/ tardive & ataxia
Bowenian Family Therapy
- the goal of this approach is not symptom reduction rather it is interested in improving the intergenerational transmission process - important interconnected concepts are differentiation, emotional system, multigenerational transmission, emotional triangle, nuclear family, family projection process, sibling position, and societal regression
Mimesis
- used in structure family therpay; imitation, in the sense of making a representation, an image, or a model
self object
-Mirroring; validate the child self sense - idealization; get strength from others - twinship- twining, need alter ego for a sense of belonging
Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine)
-Stimulant Tx for ADHD -*SE:* dry mouth, loss of appetite, insomnia, weight loss, dizziness, irritability, n/v/d -Black Box warning for abuse and dependence
Hawthorne Studies: Elton Mayo
-Workers' feelings and attitudes affected their work -Financial incentives weren't the most important motivator for workers -Group norms and behavior play a critical role in behavior at work
group help
-installation of hope -universality -altruism -interpersonal learning -self understanding and insight
Crisis Planning
-safety establishment - therapeutic rapport -identify major problem -allow client to explore and express feelings and emotions
Robert's seven stages of crisis
1- assess lethality 2- establish rapport 3-identify problem 4- deal with feelings 5-explore coping alternatives 6-develop action plan 7-follow up
Three area of psychological development in a human being
1-Cognitive: domain for mental skills 2-affective: interpersonal relationship 3-psychomoter: describes the interaction of the individual with physical environment through actions
According to Sigmund Freud, there are three general forces in the mind
1-Id: pleasure seeking 2-Ego: mediates 3-superego: acceptable behavior in the social envirenment
Social Policy Analysis
1-Verify, define and detail the problem 2- establish evaluation criteria 3- identify alternative policy 4- evaluate alternative policy 5-distinguish between alternative police 6- monitor the implemented policy
4 critical in consultation
1-define the purpose 2-specifying consultation role 3-clarify the problem 4-outline consultation process
Theory of Interpersonal Relations
1-orientation; interview 2-working ; exploring 3- termination; summarizing and reviewing
Interpersonal therapy is designed to be short-term. What is the maximum number of sessions that most clients attend?
16
FERPA
1974 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (Buckley Amendment). Assures confidentiality of student records. Parents are afforded rights to examine, review, request changes if inaccurate, and stipulate person who has access.
Paternalistic orientation
19th century approach; friendly visitation and charitable organization were the main form of social work practice
mild substance use disorder
2-3 symptoms DSM5
DSM5
2013
parallel play in which kids play side by side is seen at what age?
24 months - play alone but are interested in what other children are doing
object constancy phase
24-38 months: the child understands that the mother has separate identity and separate individual
Kohlberg's stages of moral development
6 identifiable developmental stages of moral reasoning which form the basis of ethical behavior, 1-the pre-conventional (level 1) contains the first stage (obedience and punishment orientation and second stage (self-interest orientation)), 2-the conventional (level 2) good boy and girl orientation: contains the third stage (interpersonal accord and conformity) and fourth stage (authority and social-order maintaining orientation) 3-the post-convential (level 3) ehiczl principles: contains the 5th stage (social contract orientation) and 6th stage (universal ethical principles)
A child is extremely preoccupied with his principal caregiver (his mother), displays fear in response to the presence of strangers, and acts subdued in new social situations. This child is MOST likely in which age group?
8 to 18 months
The optimal size group of therapy is generally thought to be
8-10
strange attachment
9-18 months
boundary crossing
A brief act or behavior of being over-involved with the person; the intent of the act or behavior is to meet the person's needs
interpersonal therapy
A brief, psychodynamic psychotherapy that focuses on current relationships and is based on the assumption that symptoms are caused and maintained by interpersonal problems. Originally fir depression and HIV individuals. Modified to treat anorexia, panic disorder, bipolar and depression
dynamic character
A character that changes; drugs, living situation, things changed by intervention
static character
A character that does not change; past history of violent, demographic information...
Schizophrenic Disorders
A class of psychological disorders marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes.
psychoanalytic theory
A client is seen as a product of his past
DMDD (disruptive mood dysregulation disorder)
A condition in which a child has chronic irritability and anger that culminates in frequent tantrums that are inappropriate to the circumstances and to the child's age. School aged children
projective identification
A defense mechanism that operates unconsciously, whereby unwanted aspects of the self are attributed to another person and that person is induced to behave in accordance with these projected attitudes and feelings.
projective identification
A defense mechanism that operates unconsciously, whereby unwanted aspects of the self are attributed to another person and that person is induced to behave in accordance with these projected attitudes and feelings.: A client who expresses no overt anger accuses her social worker of being angry, hostile, suspicious and cold.
Delusion of persecution or paranoia
A delusion in which the central theme is that one (or someone to whom one is close) is being attacked, harassed, cheated, persecuted, or conspired against. Unreal beliefs that someone is after them
Eco-map
A diagram of the connections between a family and the other systems in its ecologic environment; originally devised to depict the complexity of the client's story.
Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD)
A form of anxiety disorder in which the individual displays age-inappropriate, excessive, and disabling anxiety about being apart from his or her parents or away from home. starts age 6-8 months
A child is removed from his home because he is severely neglected by his parents. The court appoints an attorney to represent the child, investigate the family's situation, and make a recommendation to the court as to what would be in the child's best interests in terms of his placement. The attorney appointed by the court is serving as which of the following in this case?
A guardian ad litem.
The management philosophy of an agency reflects a "Theory Y" approach. Consequently, one would expect to find which of the following in the agency?
A high degree of self-direction on the part of staff.
Huntington's disease
A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system; usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms.
alcohol withdrawal delirium
A medical emergency usually occurring 2 to 3 days following alcohol withdrawal and lasting 2 to 3 days. Characterized by paranoia, disorientation, delusions, visual hallucinations, severe hypertension, dysrhythmia, vomiting, diarrhea, and diaphoresis. Also known as delirium tremens.
Group Theory
A method of social work that help individual to enhance their social functioning through purposeful group experience
cyclothymic disorder
A mood disorder characterized by moderate but frequent mood swings that are not severe enough to qualify as bipolar disorder.
prejudice
A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority.
The DSM-5 requires that which of the following be ruled out as the cause of an individual's symptoms before assigning a diagnosis of a sexual dysfunction?
A nonsexual mental disorder, severe relationship distress, and the effects of a substance, medication, or other medical condition.
maturational crisis
A normal state in growth and development in which a specific maturational task must be learned but old coping mechanisms are no longer adequate or acceptable.
standing committee
A permanent committee established in a legislature, usually focusing on a policy area
avoidant personality disorder
A personality disorder characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation.
antisocial personality disorder
A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
antisocial personality disorder
A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.- truancy, lying, fraud, theft
time-out from positive reinforcement
A procedure based on the principle of negative punishment; the organism cannot access (generally specified) reinforcers.
Depression
A prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness
conversion disorder
A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found.
Prognosis of Schizophrenia
A return to full premorbid functioning is not common
Regression
A reversion to immature patterns of behavior.
Ethnicity
A social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race.
The NASW code of ethics states that
A social worker should only solicit information essential for providing services( minimum necessary to achieve purpose)
Miracle Question
A solution-focused technique that asks clients to imagine how their life would be different if they woke up tomorrow and they no longer had their problem.
Dissociation
A splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness.
Trauma Bonding
A strong emotional attachment between an abused person and his or her abuser, formed as a result of the cycle of violence
A social worker is working with a 10-year-old girl, Lana, who is severely obese. She comes from a family that has a history of weight problems, diabetes and heart disease. Lana has been diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome and thyroid failure, both of which make it nearly impossible for her to lose weight. What factors protect against the development of emotional and mental health problems in overweight girls?
A strong relationship with her mother and being African American.
behavior modification
A systematic approach to changing behavior through the application of the principles of conditioning.; sexual dysfunction, phobia disorders, compulsive behaviors, overeating and snaking, intellectual disabilities such as autism
Force Field Analysis
A technique for determining which forces drive a proposed change and which forces restrain it.
Self Psychology
A theory that emphasizes how we use interpersonal relationships (self objects) to develop our own sense of self: therapeutic regression and re experiencing frustration self object; mirroring, idealization, Twinship/ twinning
black box warning
A type of warning that appears in a drug's prescribing information and is required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to alert prescribers of serious adverse events that have occurred with the given drug.
Madlow's hierarchy of needs
A useful framework for prioritizing clients needs and addressing them sequentially
factitous disorder by proxy
A variant of factitious disorder in which a person induced medical or psychological symptoms in another person who is under his or her care (usually a child)
Personality Disorder Clusters
A: Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal B: Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic C: Avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive
single-case study design
AB
Four A's of schizpohrenia
AFFECT, ASSOCIATION, AMBIVAENCE, AUTISM -EUGEN BLEULER
A social worker employed at an agency has been working in individual therapy with an adult client for several months. The client, who has been pleased with his progress in therapy to date, gives the social worker a wool sweater that he bought while on vacation in Scotland. The agency has no policy regarding accepting gifts from clients. What is the social worker's BEST course of action?
Accept the gift but explore with the client why he is giving it.
social worker has started working in family therapy with a Mexican American family. After meeting with the family three times at her office, she visits their home to complete her assessment. The mother has prepared a meal and asks the social worker to eat with the family. What is the BEST way for the social worker to respond?
Accept the invitation to share the meal.
A social worker opens a private practice office in a community that includes both low-income residents and affluent residents. What is the BEST way for the social worker to set the fee for his services?
According to each client's ability to pay.
A social worker has been working in play therapy with a 6-year-old girl. The girl begins to cry during a session and says wants to leave because she's scared. What is the social worker's BEST course of action?
Acknowledge the girl's fear and ask the mother to join them in the playroom for a little while.
double sided reflection
Acknowledges both sides of ambivalence
assertive
Acting with confidence and force; sure of one's self
Crisis intervention to de escalate and stabilize?
Active, directive and systematic
ADHD stimulant medications increase dopamine level in the brain
Adderall, Dexedrine, Ritalin,
Individual Psychology (Adler)
Adler believed the main motivations for human behavior are not sexual or aggressive urges, but striving for perfection. The aim of this therapy is to develop a more adaptive lifestyle by overcoming feelings of inferiority and self centeredness and to contribute more toward the welfare of others. Compensation- the attempt to shed normal feelings of inferiority.
individual psychology
Adler's view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life- striving for perfection
APS
Adult Protective Services- no federal law to protect adult
Personalities disorder most diagnosed in
Adulthood
Schizophrenia symptoms generally begin
Age 16-45
Clozaril side effects
Agranulocytosis and needs blood monitoring
in-kind assistance
Aid provided instead of cash
Which of the following is NOT included as an alcohol-related disorder in the DSM-5?
Alcohol dependence.
Brain syndrome
Alcoholism, Alzheimer's, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, Parkinson's and stroke
Positivist School
An approach to criminal justice theory that stresses the application of scientific techniques to the study of crime and criminals.
neoclassical organizational theory
An attempt to improve upon classical organizational theory, claiming that economic effectiveness is not the only goal; of organizational structure, but also employee satisfaction. The organization's goals as more than just economic effectiveness, and emphasized employee satisfaction. Best design is flat organization and decentralization.
Suprasystem
An entity that is served by a number of component systems organized in interacting relationships
milieu therapy
An inpatient treatment approach involving professionals and staff members encouraging a person with a severe mental disorder to engage in prosocial and therapeutic activities.
According to Sigmund Freud, obsessive-compulsive behavior is the result of fixation at what stage of psychosexual development?
Anal
A hospital social worker meets with a man whose wife was diagnosed with cancer a month ago. The man has been told that his wife's prognosis is very poor. He came to the hospital emergency room tonight complaining of acute pain. The doctors treated his pain with medication and then referred him to the social worker because he couldn't stop crying. The social worker believes that the man is experiencing grief. Specifically, the man is MOST likely experiencing which of the following?
Anticipatory grief
Lyrica
Anticonvulsant- nerve pain and fibromyalgia
Carbamazepine/ tegretol
Anticonvulsant: bipolar 1 and epilepsy
mental health exam
Appearance, speech, thoughts, process, and attitude
Symbolic Interactionism
Approach that focuses on the interactions among people based on mutually understood symbols
The harm reduction model
Approach to treating substance use disorders that views alcohol use as normative behavior and focuses education on the immediate risks of the excessive use of alcohol (such as alcohol-related accidents) and on the payoffs of moderation (such as avoidance of hangovers)
Harm Reduction Model
Approach to treating substance use disorders that views alcohol use as normative behavior and focuses education on the immediate risks of the excessive use of alcohol (such as alcohol-related accidents) and on the payoffs of moderation (such as avoidance of hangovers) not requiring the client to discontinue
Equifinality
Arriving at the same end from different beginnings
dynamic risk factors
Aspects of a person's developmental history that change over time, such as attitudes, opinions, and knowledge.
Fogging
Assertive skill in which a person responds to a criticism by making noncommittal statements that cannot be argued against
A young child has learned that objects that fly in the sky are called "birds." The first time the child sees a plane in the sky, she points to it and says "bird." From a Piagetian perspective, this child's response illustrates:
Assimilation
Mark is at work in a local hospital and is conducting discharge planning for his client Josephine. Mark begins to have some doubt about whether Josephine, an elderly woman, is actually competent to manage her own affairs and consent to treatment in the hospital. What should Mark do first?
Assume that Josephine is competent until proven other wise
Advair Diskus
Asthma, COPD
anti-anxiety drugs- for anxiety and panic disorder - benzodiazepines
Ativan- lorazepam Buspar Klonopin- clonazpam Valium- diazepam Xanax- alprazolam
A 9-year-old boy has been referred for evaluation because he is careless, engages in risk-taking behavior, and is not achieving up to his potential at school. When meeting with the boy, the social worker observes that he has trouble staying focused but seems bright and is very engaging. Based on this information, what diagnosis is MOST indicated for this boy?
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
what area of the cerebral cortex develop the most rapidly during the first two months of life
Auditory and visual areas
A social worker determines that a client who has been abusing alcohol for many years needs medical supervision in order to withdraw safely from alcohol and refers him for inpatient care. One of the reasons the social worker decides this is that, the last time the client quit drinking, he developed delirium tremens (DTs). Delirium tremens includes which of the following?
Autonomic hyperactivity, vivid hallucinations, delusions, and agitation
restructuring
Based on observing and manipulating interactions within therapy sessions. Enactments of situations
The strength perspective
Based on the assumption that the client have the capacity to grow, change and adapt - humanistic approach
Learning Theory
Based on the idea that changes in behavior result more from experience and less from our personality or how we think or feel about a situation.
Gottman Method Couples Therapy
Based on the notion that healthy relationships our ones in which individuals know each other's stresses and worries, share fondness and admiration, maintain a sense of positiveness, manage complex, trust one another, and are committed to one another
passive-aggressive behavior
Behavior that appears on the surface to be cooperative but subtly sabotages group work, such as when members "forget" to carry out assignment.
Ego-dystonic behavior
Behavior that does not conform to the person's thoughts, wishes, and values. Bulimic pt's are more likely to have type of behavior. The person feels compelled to binge, purge and fast, helpless to stop this behavior and full of disgust for continuing the pattern.
mother seeks help because her 6-year-old son resists when she tries to get him ready for school. He claims that he feels sick and cries when she leaves him at school. The social worker suspects that the boy may have school phobia. Which of the following MOST likely underlies this?
Being separated from his mother.
Skinner's Operant Conditioning
Believed you could use a system of positive and negative reinforcements to affect voluntary behavior
aggressive behavior
Belligerently or violently confronting another with your preferences, feelings, needs, or rights with little regard for the situation or for the feelings or rights of others
History of previous suicide attempts
Best predictor of future attempts
Lithium
Blood level check and thyroid and kidney fictions
A school social worker has been meeting with a 12-year-old girl. She reports that anytime she looks in the mirror she sees an �extremely large whale.� The social worker observes that the girl's body is of average size. The girl reports feeling isolated as she misses spending time with her friends, but refuses to engage in social events because she hates the way she looks. She becomes anxious about even having to attend school and wishes she could stop obsessing about the way she looks. Based upon the information provided, what would be the MOST likely provisional DSM diagnosis?
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
A client's symptoms include uncontrollable anger, self-mutilation, and acting out. These symptoms are MOST suggestive of which of the following DSM-5 disorders?
Borderline personality disorder.
Societal Regression
Bowen's notion that society responds emotionally in periods of stress and anxiety, offering short-term "Band-Aid" solutions, rather than seeking more rational solutions that lead to greater individuation.
Bowenian Family Therapy
Bowen's theory and therapeutic model is based on the family's emotional system, the differentiation of self within one's family, and the multi-generational transmission of emotions and family patterns.
A social worker receives a phone call from client who reports that his neighbor, a policeman who was recently fired, is standing on his front lawn waving a rifle in the air and screaming, "I'm going to kill the next gang member I see!" The client, who is clearly shaken up, tells the social worker that there are several gang members who live on his street. What should the social worker do?
Briefly help the client with his feelings of fear or anxiety and encourage him to call the police immediately.
A social worker is meeting with a client who is severely hearing impaired. What would be the BEST way for the social worker to communicate with this client?
By hiring a professional interpreter.
Carastrophic
Catastrophizing is when clients expect disaster to strike no matter what. This is also referred to as "magnifying or minimizing." Clients hear about a problem and use "what if" questions (e.g., "What if tragedy strikes?" "What if it happens to me?"). For example, a client might exaggerate the importance of insignificant events (such as a mistake or someone else's achievement), or inappropriately shrink the magnitude of significant events until they appear tiny (e.g., a client's own desirable qualities or someone else's imperfections).
Paula, a social worker, is working at a community mental health center that serves a low-income population. Paula notices that there is abundant waste in the organization, such as its use of office supplies and its redundant processes and functions. Paula decides to do what she can to save the resources of the organization so that more community members can be served. Which of the following social work roles is Paula enacting?
Change agent
Reframing
Change what could be perceived as negative statements into positive ones
Second-order changes (Strategic Family Therapy)
Changes to the systematic interaction pattern so the system is reorganized and functions more effectively
Relabeling (Strategic Family Therapy)
Changing the label attached to a person or problem from negative to positive so the situation can be perceived differently; it is hoped that new responses will evolve
dysfunctional families
Characterized by either pattern of rigid enmeshment or disengagement
Non-Substance-Related Disorders: Gambling Disorder
Characterized by persistent and recurrent gambling behavior that is maladaptive and causes disruption in the person's life as indicated by four more: needs to gamble with increasing amounts of money to achieve the desired excitement, is restless or irritable when attempting to cut down our stop, has made repeated unsuccessful attempt to cut back or stop, is often preoccupied with gambling, often gambles when feeling distressed, returns another day in hopes of winning after losing money, lies to conceal the excitement of involvement, has jeopardized or lost a significant relationship or job because of gambling, or relies on others for money to relieve the desperate financial situation caused by gambling.
Lithium
Check of blood level periodically, and for thyroid and kidney functions
Neurotransmitters
Chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another-
early latency/pre-operational thinking (ages 6-7)
Children are concerned with absolutes
Prognosis of Schizophrenia
Chronic Better = late & acute onset, presence of triggering event, female, good premorbid adjustment, brief duration of active-phase, family hx of mood disorder, and no family hx of schizophrenia
The client is a 25-year-old transgender person who recently started hormone therapy. The client has sought help because he has been feeling very anxious lately. What should be the social worker's FIRST step in approaching this case?
Clarify the source of the presenting problem by consulting with the client's doctor.
John Watson, the founder of behaviorism, conducted an experiment on an infant in which he paired a sudden, loud noise with the sight of a rat. Initially, the child showed fear of the loud noise, but no fear of the rat. Over time, the child learned to fear the rat even without hearing the noise. What is this experiment an example of?
Classical conditioning
Historionic Personality Disorder
Cluster B. Overly dramatic. Theatrical in manner. Vain, self centred, seductive, seek approval, attention seeking, suggestible and view world in black and white. Speech is vague and exaggerated. Higher rate of women have it.
cognitive distortions
Cognitive distortions, which were first theorized by Aaron Beck, are simply ways that the mind convinces clients of something that is not really true. These inaccurate thoughts are usually used to reinforce negative thinking or emotions—telling clients things that sound rational and accurate, but really serve only to keep them feeling bad about themselves. For instance, a client might tell himself or herself, "I always fail when I try to do something new; I therefore fail at everything I try." This is an example of "black-or-white" (or polarized) thinking. The client is only seeing things in absolutes—that if he or she fails at one thing, he or she must fail at all things. Cognitive distortions are at the core of what many social workers using cognitive behavioral techniques try to help a client learn to change. By learning to correctly identify these negative thought patterns, a client can then answer the negative thinking back, and refute it. By refuting the negative thinking over and over again, it will slowly diminish over time and be automatically replaced by more rational, balanced thinking. There are many cognitive distortions.
Catastrophising
Cognitive error where you exaggerate a minor setback and turn it into a major disaster
Non-verbal communication
Communicating without the use of words.
American Indians
Communication indirectness, still, quite, silence, listening and nonverbal, avoid eye contact to show respect to higher person- traditional healer
Aggressive to animals, destroy, steal, violate riles
Conduct disorder
Social work ethics best define as
Conduct standards based on value
The client started taking antidepressant medication two months ago and reports that her mood has improved quite a bit. When asked by the social worker to describe why she has come in, the client reports that she no longer wants to have sex, and that her husband is upset by this. Based on what is known so far about this case, what should the social worker do in response to what the client has shared?
Confer with the prescribing physician about the client's medication.
Electra complex
Conflict during phallic stage in which girls supposedly love their fathers romantically and want to eliminate their mothers as rivals
approach-approach conflict
Conflict that results from having to choose between two attractive alternatives
The goal of individual alcoholism treatment
Confront denial and help them face reality
divorced middle-aged client had been juggling work responsibilities with efforts to care for his elderly mother, but he then placed his mom in a nursing home three months ago. In a session with his social worker, the client says, "I should visit my mom more often, but I get so busy with work. I feel bad about that because I know she's lonely and won't be around much longer." In response to this, the social worker says, "You've said several times in our sessions that you think you should spend more time with your mom, but you're not doing it. I can't help but wonder whether the feelings you've described having about moving your mom to the nursing home are making it difficult for you to visit her there. What do you think about that?" What technique has the social worker used?
Confrontation.
Narccistic personality disorder
Constant attention and admiration. Exaggerate their achievement and talent
Making a car out of toy blocks and putting it together
Constructive - cognitive play
Pre-experimental
Contains Only intervention. The least robust
Traumatic Brain Injury
Coordination and balance
stress inoculation therapy
Coping skills
Poor choice for group therapy
Crisis, suicidal, compulsively, needs for attention, actively psychotics, and paranoid
A social worker meets with a 35-year-old client who has a history of heavy alcohol use and is experiencing symptoms of moderate depression. The client is currently using alcohol on a daily basis to the extent that he is intoxicated on most days. What is the BEST way for the social worker to approach treatment in this case?
Deal with the alcohol use before addressing the depression
During the first interview with a family, the social worker learns that the parents are very upset because they have found out that their 15-year-old son is gay. They say that they heard from a friend that reparative therapy might make him straight, and they ask the social worker to provide this. What should the social worker do?
Decline to provide this therapy.
Which of the following is not a guiding principle for the evidence-based practice of motivational interviewing?
Defining the client's presenting problem and goals
The political parties in the United States have differing philosophies on social welfare and the role of the government. Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate?
Democrats favor expansive social welfare programs, support the existing Social Security system structure, and have a long-term goal of government guaranteed universal medical care rights, while Republicans seek to restrict and limit social welfare spending, seek to modify the current Social Security system structure and prefers to leave access to medical care to the private sector (except for Medicare and Medicaid programs.
Ego-alien or Ego-dystonic
Denoting aspects of a persons personality that are viewed as repugnant, unacceptable, or inconsistent with the rest of the personality.
depressed symptoms
Depleted serotonin
A client says, "I'm not sure if I'm ready to start college yet." The social worker responds, "So, you've decided you don't really want to go to college." What type of reflection error has the social worker made?
Depth
In social work research, what is the next step after describing the data needed?
Describing analytical methods
IQscore and adaptive functioning
Determine intellectual disability
A social worker who specializes in child development has decided to start a therapy group for adolescents. Which of the following client factors is MOST important to consider in selecting members for this group?
Developmental level.
Lantus (insulin glargine)
Diabetics
Educational Supervision
Directed toward helping staff learn what they need to know to carry out their job responsibilities- competency
A 50-year-old client reports having a sexual problem that developed recently. The social worker asks for more information about the problem, but the client is embarrassed and doesn't share any details. It turns out that the client is going through menopause and, therefore, experiencing reduced levels of estrogen and progesterone. This fact suggests that the client's sexual problem is MOST likely to be which of the following?
Discomfort during intercourse.
A client who has been in therapy with a social worker for several months begins asking him many questions about his personal life. The social worker also observes that the client has begun dressing more nicely for her sessions. What is the BEST way for the social worker to respond to this?
Discuss therapeutic boundaries with the client.
dyskinsesia
Distortion of voluntary movement with involuntary muscular activity
Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
Disturbance of affect: expression of emotion Blunting: severe reduction in the intensity of affect expression Flat affect: no signs of emotional expression Inappropriate affect: (ex. schizophrenic starts laughing when talking about someone's death) Avolition: decreased engagement in purposeful, goal-directed actions
A social worker has been conducting research on the effectiveness of a new treatment program for veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which of the following questions would best guide the research study?
Do veterans experience improvement in their PTSD symptoms as a result of participating in the program?
Micus brief
Document that aims to advise a court submitted by a party not involved in litigation
Social work services via the internet
Doesn't protect confidentiality very well
Ego-syntonic vs ego-dystonic
Don't realize they have a problem( no guilt) vs Does realize it's a problem (guilt) (OCPD vs OCD)
Lawrence Shulman coined the phrase ____________ communication to describe any disclosure by a client of important or difficult information just as a session is about to end.
Doorknob
Psychanalytic Psychotherapy techniques
Dream, resistance, transference, and free association
Kurt Lewin's Force Field Analysis
Driving and restraining (restricting)
Forced Field Analysis
Driving and straining
Stimulants
Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, methamphetamine, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
formative evaluation
During the process
According to Beck, depressed person doesn't see the positive aspect of his/her situation because
Dysfunctional schema
What phase of human development does senescence begin?
Early adulthood
Penelope approach to intervention
Eclectic ; the use of different theories with different client rather than only one
hallucinogens examples
Ecstasy, LSD, Marijuana
primary prevention
Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
anorexia nervosa
Ego syntonic
In what group of people is a balance of independence and safety especially important
Elderly people
Pretend techniques
Encourages family member to pretend
throughput
Energy integrated into the system
Throughput
Energy that is integrated into the system so it can be used by the system to accomplish its goals
During which step in the problem solving process the working alliance initiated
Engagement
The change process
Engagement, assessment, intervention, evaluation
7 steps in the planning process
Engagement, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, termination, follow up
After being battered by her husband, a middle-age woman seeks medical attention from an emergency room. The next day, the woman seeks individual therapy from a social worker recommended by emergency room personnel. What should the social worker focus on FIRST with this woman?
Establishing safety and providing information.
summative evaluation
Evaluation conducted after instruction to assess students' final achievement. Result
formative evaluation
Evaluation conducted before or during instruction to facilitate instructional planning and enhance students' learning.
For most children, which of the following develops last?
Exhibits stranger anxiety. Speaks two-word sentences. Exhibits separation anxiety. Enjoys pretend play
Most robust
Experimental research due to its design, intervention, comparison group, random assignment, observation group
A social worker is working in individual therapy with a 10-year-old boy. The guidance counselor at the boy's school calls the social worker, requesting advice on how to deal with a recent incident at school in which the boy was involved. What is the social worker's BEST course of action?
Explain that she cannot discuss any client until she has written permission from the client or the client's parents.
social worker is meeting with a client who sought help because she is worried about her 4-year-old son who's been wetting the bed and having tantrums lately. The client gave birth to her second child six months ago. What should the social worker do FIRST?
Explain that the bedwetting and tantrums are typical behavior when a new sibling is born.
Psychdynamic Theory
Explain the origin of personality; emphasize unconscious motive and desire as well as the importance of childhood experience in shaping personality
After identifying the major problem for current crisis, what's next?
Explore clients feelings
Bowen
Extended family systems that are current and intergenerational. Genograms and ecomaps
hyperthydroidism
Extreme anxiety and sudden onset
Which of the following is an example of recommended nonverbal communication?
Eyes at the same level as the client
Isolation of affect
Fact without feeling (la belle indifférence)
Type II error
Fail to deduct
Social worker knowledge is influenced by and influences others include
Family studies, medicine, psychiatry, sociology, education, and psychology
Family Theories
Family theory provides a theoretical and therapeutic base for dealing with family-related situations; it is also useful in understanding and managing individual problems by determining the extent to which such problems are related to family issues. A family systems approach argues that in order to understand a family system, a social worker must look at the family as a whole, rather than focusing on its members. People do not exist in a vacuum. They live, play, go to school, and work with other people. Most anthropologists agree that, next to their peculiar tendency to think and use tools, one of the distinguishing characteristics of human beings is that they are social creatures. The social group that seems to be most universal and pervasive in the way it shapes human behavior is the family. For social workers, the growing awareness of the crucial impact of families on clients has led to the development of family systems theory. Family systems theory searches for the causes of behavior, not in the individual alone, but in the interactions among the members of a group. The basic rationale is that all parts of the family are interrelated. Further, the family has properties of its own that can be known only by looking at the relationships and interactions among all
Risk factor for alcohol and other drug abuse
Family, social, psychiatric, behavioral
Bowen viewed society as
Family- emotional system complete with its own multigenerational transmission, chronic anxiety, emotional triangle, cutoffs, projection process, and fusion
Signmund Freud
Father of modern psychology. Developed idea that sub-conscious mind can determine behavior.
LGBT 3 phases
Feeling different, confusion and acceptance
High beck depression inventory score
First assess safety ASAP
Depression with suicide risk, panick attacks and seizures
Fluoxetine - Prozac
ego psychology
Focus on adulthood development
crisis intervention
Focus on here and now, time limited 4-6 weeks, directive, and active
overcompensate
Focus outward signs of superiority such as statues, wealth and power
Intelellectualization
Focusing on the facts and logic to avoid uncomfortable emotions
Dielectical behavior therapy DBT
For borderline personality disorder- exposing the client to stressors in a controlled situations, regulate emotions
Sacral
Four vertebrae in the lowest portion on the back
psychodynamic theory
Freudian theory that unconscious forces determine behavior- explain the origin of personality
Nexium
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
acquisition
Gathering financial resources
secular trend
Generational change from one to another
phenotype frequency
Genotype and environment
Families are seen as
Goal oriented
Individuals have blind faith in authority figures and see the world as divided simply into
Good and evil and right and wrong
Act Utilitarian
Government and private sectors responsibilities to the community
Cooptation
Granting special favors in exchange for a benefit. "Buying off" critics.
Healthy People
Have abroad social concern and want to contribute to the welfare of others
auditory
Having to do with the sense of hearing
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
He presented Four Cognitive Developmental Stages of experience and interaction with the environment: Sensorimotor Stage (birth to two years) Knowledge gained through active interaction with the environment Beginning awareness of cause and effect relationships Learning objects exist even when not in view Crude imitation of actions of others Pre-operational Stage (ages two to six years) Initially very egocentric Development of language and mental representations Classification of objects by a single characteristic at a time Concrete Operations Stage (ages six to 12 years) Understanding of conservation of volume, length, etc. Organization of objects into ordered categories Comprehension of rational terms (i.e., bigger than, above) Beginning use of simple logic Formal Operations Stage (over 12 years of age) Thinking becomes abstract and symbolic Development of reasoning skills and a sense of hypothetical concept
An Hispanic man with major depressive disorder is MOST likely to say that his symptoms include which of the following?
Headaches, sleep problems, and nervousness.
In ego psychology
Healthy behavior is under control of the ego
Diovan
Heart disease and failure
Social Planning
Heavily task oriented; involves people and outside planners-no leader and its done in the community. it is people centered not place centered
ego strength
Help maintain emotional stabilities and cope with external and internal stress
Supportive Supervision
Help reduce stress
ego strength
Helps maintain emotional stability and cope with internal and external stress
Mahler- object relations theory
Her belief was that the individual begins in a state of psychological fusion with the mother and progresses gradually to separation
ego psychology
Here and now
ego psychology
Here and now; how the client behave in relation, reality testing, coping abilities (ego strength), and capacity for relating to others
Lisinopril, metoprolol
High blood pressure
Metropolol (Lopressor)
High blood pressure and heart attacks
Rick, 19, is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. He works as a stocker at a large grocery chain. His careful attention to detail and follow-through have allowed him to be successful at his job, although he continues to live with his parents. What factors might increase Rick's risk of exploitation?
High social desire, lower intellectual ability, absence of friends, and higher independence from his parents.
It would be MOST appropriate to use a warm-up period with a client who is:
Highly defensive
Person-in-Environment
Historical roots in social work profession; A practice-guiding principle in social work that highlights the importance of understanding an individual and individual behavior in light of the environmental contexts in which that person lives and acts.
Common Prescription Medications
Hydrocodone: acetaminophen for pain Levothyroixine for hypothyroidism And thyroid cancer Lisinoprio / used to be under zestril and prinivil for high blood pressure and heart failure
A social worker diagnoses a client with bulimia nervosa and refers her to a medical doctor for physical evaluations. When the social worker later confers with the doctor, the doctor tells him that the client has developed a serious complication as a result of binge eating and purging. Medical tests found that the client is suffering from a severe potassium deficiency and is at risk for kidney failure and cardiac arrest. The client appears to have developed which of the following medical complications as a result of her eating disorder?
Hypokalemia.
The first form of reasoning young are able to perform
Hypothetico and deductive reasoning
According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the
ID
two-spirited person
Identify both masculine and feminine parts of his sexual gender spiritual identity
A social worker conducting the first interview with a client finds herself feeling angry at the client. What is the social worker's BEST course of action?
Identify the source of her anger.
Assess aftermath of natural disaster
Immediate needs, physical safety, food and clothing
As described in the DSM-5, the characteristic symptoms of substance use disorder can be categorized in terms of which of the following?
Impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria.
cognitive distortions
In adolescents- Inaccurate and irrational automatic thoughts or ideas that lead to false assumptions and misinterpretations; personal fable
polarized thinking
In polarized thinking, things are either "black or white." It is either perfection or failure—there is no middle ground. Clients place people or situations in "either/or" categories, with no shades of gray or allowing for the complexity of most people and situations. If a client's performance falls short of perfect, it is seen as total failure
castration anxiety
In psychoanalysis, the fear in young boys that they will be mutilated genitally because of their lust for their mothers.
Symbolization
In psychoanalytic theory, the process of primary process thinking in which one thing stands for another.
fixated
Inability to progress normally from one stage to another
experimental group
Include intervention, comparison and random assignment- most robust
socieoeconomic status
Income, education, occupation
The core component of the DSM-5 diagnosis of gender dysphoria is which of the following?
Incongruence between assigned and experienced/expressed gender.
positive reinforcement
Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.
negative reinforcement
Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: negative reinforcement is not punishment.)
Alfred Alder's Individual Psychology
Individual's main motivator is perfection, not pleasure
advantage of self monitoring
Inexpensive, practical, and therapeutic
Paradoxical directive
Instructing clients to continue their maladaptive behaviors with the goal of bringing awareness and change. ex. Couples bickering in couples therapy.. describing the problem in order to call attention to it and gain control over it- used in strategic family therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy
Internal mental process; social worker aim to develop opportunity to foster capacity and skills to improve learning
contract
Intervention or service plan
client's father dies from complications related to an untreated ulcer. The client, who doesn't have an ulcer, begins experiencing medical symptoms similar to those his father had. Which of the following defense mechanisms describes this situation?
Introjection.
The symptoms of PTSD are grouped in the DSM-5 in terms of which of the following clusters?
Intrusion, avoidance, cognition and mood, and arousal and reactivity.
Inhalant Intoxication
Involves behavioral or psychological changes as well as two or more: dizziness, and coordination, nystagmus, slurred speech, unsteady gait, depressed reflexes, lethargy, muscle weakness, blurred vision, tremor, cycle motor retardation, euphoria, and stupor or coma
Cannabis withdrawal symptoms
Irritability, aggression, anxiety, insomnia, lack of appetite, restlessness, depressed mood, abdominal pain, tremors, diaphoresis, fever, headache
Societal regression (Bowenian Family Therapy)
Is manifested by problems such as the depletion of natural resources
Bowen Family Therapy
Is not symptoms reduction- the focus of the social worker is interested in improving the intergenerational transmission process. There are eight concepts that are essential: Differentiation, emotional system, multigenerational, transmission, emotional triangle, nuclear family, family projection process, sibling position and societal regression
client self-determination
Is the principle that clients have a right to autonomy and freedom of choice to make their own decisions"
An individual with schizoid personality disorder is MOST likely to display which of the following?
Isolation
Moralistic Orientation
It doesn't hold the same value that other orientations have
new community program is MOST likely to be funded when:
It has support from key leaders in the community.
When is the decision to not undergo life-preserving treatment considered suicide?
It's never considered suicide
reaction formation example
Jane hates nursing. She attended nursing school to please her parents. During career day, she speaks to prospective students about the excellence of nursing as a career.
Jumping to conclusions
Jumping to conclusions is when clients know how others feel and why they act as they do without being told. For example, a client may conclude that someone is reacting negatively toward him or her, but doesn't actually bother to find out if it is correct. Another example is a client may anticipate that things will turn out badly, and will feel convinced that the prediction is already an established fact.
Conflict Theory
Karl Marx
Erik Erikson
Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development
Moral Development Theory
Kohlberg's theory that human moral development proceeds through clearly defined stages of moral reasoning- Pre-conventional level Stage 1: Punishment and obedience orientation - Physical consequences determine what is good or bad Stage 2: Instrumental relativist orientation - That which satisfies personal needs is good Conventional level Stage 3: Interpersonal concordance (good boy/nice girl) - What pleases or helps others is good Stage 4: Law and order orientation - Maintain the social order- Devotion to duty is good Post-conventional level Stage 5: Social law contract - Values agreed upon by society determine what is right Stage 6: Universal ethical principle orientation - What is right is a matter of conscience in accord with universal principles - Moral Level is assessed using the Heinz Story
Self Psychology
Kohut's theory that relationships create the structure of the self
expansive mood
Lack of restraint in expressing one's feelings, frequently with an overvaluation of one's significance or importance.
Freud latency stage
Latency (about six to puberty) - Socialization stage Freud felt this was the one stage where sexual desires are overshadowed by the child's need to adapt to his/her environment. Tending to avoid relationships with the opposite sex, the child is drawn to authority figures (teachers and coaches at school or scout leaders and little league coaches), further developing his/her superego
Mary Richmond
Leader and Founder of SW profession, advocated for us to get degrees or receive professional training. Also came up with 1) Strengths Perspective 2) P.I.E. Wrote "Social Diagnosis" 1917 1st SW book.
Mary Richmond
Leader and Founder of SW profession, advocated for us to get degrees or receive professional training. Also came up with 1) Strengths Perspective 2) P.I.E. Wrote "Social Diagnosis" 1917 1st SW book. He distinguished social work from other helping process
Piaget's learning theories
Leaning is related to internal mental process
Respondent Conditioning (Classical Conditioning)pavolv
Learning occurs as a result of pairing previously neutral conditioned stimulus with unconditioned involuntarily stimulants so that the conditioned stimulus eventually elicit the response normally elicit by the unconditioned stimulus
An information gathering process
Leaving abusive situation through the process of information gathering process
subpoena
Legal action- a court order requiring appearance and/or testimony
Vicarious Liability
Legal doctrine under which a party can be held liable for the wrongful actions of another party.
court order
Legal procedure
Crestor
Lipid Lowering Agent
In social work research, after the problem has been identified, what should a researcher do next?
Literature review
Eskalith, Lithobid
Lithium
Bipolar Medications
Live To Dream Always, Lithium Tegretol, Depakote, Abilify - kidney problems, liver problems, monitor blood work
Rothman's Model of Community Work
Locality Development; Social Planing; Social Action- strike
The client is a 66-year-old woman who retired several months ago and has been feeling anxious and upset. She reports feeling "at loose ends" and as though she has little to contribute to her family or community now that she's not working anymore. She feels like her sense of self depended on her job as a school principal and can't figure out how to feel whole again. Based on this information, the social worker would MOST suspect that the client is experiencing which type of social role functioning problem?
Loss
blood alcohol level of .05 is associated with which of the following?
Lowered inhibitions, impaired judgment, some incoordination.
Arthur has had a long history of substance abuse. Finally, after experiencing many consequences and engaging in therapy, he decided to enter inpatient treatment. The inpatient treatment was a success, and Arthur was happy to graduate from the program. Now, after three weeks out of inpatient treatment, Arthur finds himself tempted to use again and fears he will do so. Arthur is in which stage of change?
Maintenance
Group
Major helping agent
Synthroid, Levoxyl
Man made thyroid hormone to treat hypothyroidism
The policy of deinstitutionalization has been a contributing factor to homelessness among people with mental illness primarily because of which of the following?
Many people with mental illness don't receive adequate discharge planning before their release from a hospital.
family system approach
Many relationships within the family; each affects the other and is affected by others
Antidepressants: MAOIs Monoamine Oxidase Inhibiters
Marplan, Parnate, Nardil side effects: HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS when taken with tyramine containing foods- dietary restrictions photo sensitivity potentiate alcohol AVOID wine, pickled products, herring, aged cheeses, bologna, pepperoni, salami, bananas, raisins, beer, sour cream What if patient is on lasixs as an antidiuretic who is told to eat bananas=conflict=monitor closely Take a GOOD assessment monitor output takes 4 weeks to work TEACHING with client that it takes time to work Do not take with CNS stimulants or cold medicines (teach: list of correct cold meds) MAOI's with thyramine foods hypertensive crisis: severe headache , palpitations, stiff neck, diaphoretic intracranial hemorrhage
hierarchy of needs
Maslow' pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
D-needs
Maslow's term for deficiency needs that arise out of a lack.
parallel forms reliability
Measures the consistency of different instruments drawn from the same content data
Strategic Aliance
Meeting one person from the family to make the changes for that person
Direct pressure on dissenters
Members are under pressure not to express arguments against any of the group's views
Achievement in work sphere
Men get their greatest sense of self esteem and satisfaction
Superego
Merge at 5 years old
Median
Middle number
coping modeling
Model demonstrates coping strategies for overcoming common obstacles the client has in engaging in a behavior. Fear then mastery
coping modeling
Model demonstrates coping strategies for overcoming common obstacles the client has in engaging in a behavior. Fear thin mastery
Bandura modeling therapy
Modeling therapy is based on the idea that a person suffering from a psychological disorder can correct his/her problems by observing someone else dealing with similar issues. While developing his theory, Bandura conducted experiments on herpephobics, people with a phobic fear of snakes. In his experiments, the herpephobics stood by and observed while an actor pretending to have a fear of snakes approached a cage with a snake inside. The actor went through a series of steps, first withdrawing from the cage in fear, then using calming self-talk to gradually conquer his phobia and eventually removing the snake itself from the cage. Bandura found the therapy to be overwhelmingly effective. Many clients were able to extinguish their fears after just one round of observation, despite knowing the person they were watching was an actor.
Anti-manic drugs
Mood stabilizers /bipolar ;depakene (valproic acid), lamictal, lithium, tegretol and topamex
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Moral development takes place in stages and awareness of other people increases at each stage. Help professional understand the level of which a person understands, accepts, and integrate ethics, law, and rights
nuclear family
Mother, father and children living as a unit
In which of the following groups is spirituality the most animistic, with the belief that spirits are found in nonhuman objects?
Native Hawaiians
During natural disaster
NeedsAssessment, activating command structure, resource assessment, and resource deployment
encounter
Negative and positive experience
Stereotyped views of out-groups
Negative views of "enemy" make effective responses to conflict seem unnecessary
neuropathic pain
Nerve system- abnormal processing of pain message; burning, shooting in nature. Cymbalta is good for it
Tourette syndrome
Neurodevelopment disorder
DSM5
No axes - categories
Quasi-Public Organization
Non profit organization whose main purpose is to fulfill governmental determined goal, that mainly receive support from public agencies and are under control of government through board and executive staff appointments
Latent communication
Non spoken words- not invisible; the underlying meaning
Matacommunication
Non verbal communication; body language and vocalization
Preencounter
Not conscious and aware of culture
Contraindications
Not recommended or not safe
Which of the following phases of Margaret Mahler's object relations theory corresponds most to a sense on the part of the child that the mother is a separate entity?
Object constancy
Marget Mahler
Object relation theory 1- normal autism: infant 0-1 month detached and self absorbed 2- normal symbiotic: 1-5 months aware of mother but not sense of individuality ( infant and mother are one) 3- separation /individualizations : 5-9 months 4- practicing; 9-15 months crawling and walking 5- rapprochement: 15-24 months anxiety and fear 6- object constancy: 24-38 months mother is separate entity; law self esteem and insecurity
Which of the following is NOT categorized as an anxiety disorder in the DSM-5?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
What are the core ethical principles that social work researchers must take into account when conducting research on human subjects?
Obtain informed consent, minimize harm, protect confidentiality, avoid deception and give participants withdrawal rights.
According to psychoanalytic theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with
Oedipus complex
When may a social worker conduct research that does not use consent procedures?
Only when consent is not feasible, and when a rigorous review has found it to be justified because of its scientific value.
Naltrexone
Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs
hydrocodone/acetaminophen
Opioid/ pain medication
Use of which of the following substances is NOT likely to produce a substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder?
Opioids.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Organic brain syndrome resulting from prolonged heavy alcohol use, involving confusion, unintelligible speech, and loss of motor coordination. It may be caused by a deficiency of thiamine, a vitamin metabolized poorly by heavy drinkers.
Acting out
Outburst to cover up true feelings (emotion is covered, not redirected).
A social worker�s client, 24, is a paraplegic who has been in a wheelchair after suffering a near-fatal accident as a child. She continually talks about how she doesn�t feel "seen" by other people, rather they see her as a "person in a wheelchair." She lives with her parents and collects disability insurance. She says she would like to be more independent and get a job, but states that, "Nobody will hire me because I can't walk."
Overgeneralization
The mother of a teenage girl discovers that her daughter has stolen clothing and costume jewelry from the boutique where she works part time after school. Her father works in a tool factory; he often takes tools from the factory without permission and uses them in his home workshop. This situation is an example of which of the following?
Parental superego lacunae.
In the nineteenth century, friendly visits and charitable organizations were the main form of social work practice. What is this approach or orientation called?
Paternalistic orientation
Respondent or Classical Conditioning
Pavlov Learning occurs as a result of pairing previously neutral (conditioned) stimulus with an unconditioned (involuntary) stimulus so that the conditioned stimulus eventually elicits the response normally elicited by the unconditioned stimulus.
behaviorist perspective
Pavlov and skinner: Learning is viewed through change in behavior and stimuli in the external environment are the locus learning
Two most powerful predictors of violence
Peers and gang membership
Oppressed in America
People with disability
Hoarding Disorder
Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value
Which of the following suggests that a DSM-5 diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is more appropriate than a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa
Persistent restriction of energy intake.
Perspective that has historical roots in the social work profession
Person in environment
emancipated minor
Person younger than 18 years of age who lives independently, is totally self-supporting, is married or divorced, is a parent even if not married, or is in the military and possesses decision-making rights.
Which of the following is a cognitive distortion of adolescents
Personal fable
The Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory MMPI
Personality test psychopathology 550 statelets in which 16 are repeated
Oedious complex
Phalic stage; a boy's sexual desire toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for rival father Some psychoanalysts believe that girls experience a parallel Electra complex
Prolixin (fluphenazine)
Phenothiazine also called neuroleptic used for schizophrenia
What are three significant forms of nonverbal communication to assess when working with clients from cultures that differ from one's own?
Physical distance, facial expression, volume of speech.
Developing a contract
Planning
Classic status of culture, racial, and ethnic identity
Preencounter, encounter, immersion, and internalization
A child does not like broccoli. His parents tell him that he must eat his broccoli before he watches television. The parents have used which of the following?
Premack principle.
An 11-year-boy was removed from his parents' custody because of chronic, severe neglect. The social worker has been working with the boy and his parents for some time in therapy. The parents have not made any progress at all; they have missed many sessions and resisted the social worker's efforts to draw them out. The local child protective agency determined last week that it will give the boy's foster parents the right to adopt him within the next two months. Under these circumstances, what should the social worker do?
Prepare the boy for not returning home to his parents
Which of the following should be a goal for Autism?
Promote the child's social development
Beta Blockers
Propranolol, Metoprolol, Atenolol, and Esmolol
Hierarchy of ethical principles
Protection of life, principles of equality and inequality, autonomy and freedom, confidentiality
Fluoxetine
Prozac
Which theory is concerned with how internal processes (e.g., needs, drives, emotions) motivate human behavior?
Psychodynamic theory
Psychosomatic complaints
Psychological symptoms manifested as physical symptoms; nausea, chest pain, headaches; "hallucinations" is not psychosomatic
Which part of clinical case records should be kept separate from other records?
Psychotherapy notes
schizophreniform disorder
Psychotic disorder involving the symptoms of schizophrenia but lasting less than 6 months.
Clinical setting the most likely statically significant research design to evaluate program
Quasi experimental
once pharmacological treatment has been initiated, intervention for client in the acute phase of schizophrenia should usually emphasize which of the following goals?
Reducing stressful relationships, events, and environments and promoting relaxation.
During a meeting with a social worker, a client discloses that he is taking his wife's medication for depression. He explains that he feels better when he does so and has been taking the medication for over a year. When asked what kind of medication he takes, the client says, "It's Prozac, but sometimes I also take my wife's Xanax." The client is also on Clonidine which was prescribed by his physician for high blood pressure. Regarding the client's medication use, what is the BEST action for the social worker to take?
Refer the client to a psychiatrist.
man telephones a social worker to schedule an appointment. The man says he wants couple's counseling to work on communication difficulties that he and his husband have been having. The social worker is not comfortable working with gay individuals because of personal biases. What should the social worker do?
Refer the man to another qualified therapist.
physician refers a terminally ill woman to a social worker. The physician says that the woman would like help writing her will, and the woman confirms that this is what she wants. What should the social worker do?
Refer the woman to an attorney.
Ignacio, a social worker in private practice, is seeing his client Laura. Laura has a broad array of issues she brings to therapy, and she struggles to see problems and solutions clearly. At this session, Laura brings up her depression and states that she feels overwhelmed and hopeless. After listening, Ignacio asks if Laura has been through similar situations before and if she was successful in navigating those crises. Which technique is Ignacio using?
Reframing
Family policy to alter behavior in prefect manners
Regulatory
cause of burnout
Relapse of chronic patient
Margaret Mahler object relation theories
Relationship are rooted from early attachment with mothers. Object refers to people, part of people or physical item that symbolically represent either a person or part of the person 1- normal autism ; 0-1 months- detached and self absorbed 2- normal symbiotic; 1-5 months- aware of mother but not a sense of individuality- the infant and mother are one 3- separation/ individuation; 5-9 months using mother as a part of orientation 4- practicing; 9-15 months- crawl and walk freely more distant from mothers 5-rapprochement; 15-24 months- anxious and fear of abandonment in the toddler 6- object constancy; 24-38 months deficiencies in positive internalization can lead to low self esteem and issue in adulthood- mothers are separated entity
White Americans
Religion is private, bible based and capitalism
NOS (not otherwise specified)
Removed - not in DSM5
Echolalia
Repeating back words
DSM5 changes
Replaces Axis IV with significant psychosocial and contextual features Mental retardation now intellectual disability- intellectual development disorder Social pragmatic communication disorder is new condition that has impaired social verbal and non verbal communication Unspecified communication disorder Schizophrenia subtypes deleted NOS deleted Anxiety symptoms added to bipolar and depressive disorder- anxiety distress Dysthymia removed now is persistent depressive disorder New- premenstual dysthoric disorder Trichotillomania and Hoarding disorder - new under obsessive compulsive and related disorder Reactive attachment disorder now is separate disorder that used to be subtype Adjustment disorder removed now is stress response syndrome
Superego (Freud)
Represents the conscience, holds rules, values for socially acceptable behavior
Two classes of behavior
Respondent; involuntary behavior, and operant; voluntary behavior
structural family therapy
Restructuring is based on observing and manipulating in interaction within therapy sessions- enactment of situation
Which of the following is the BEST description of accommodation, as described by Piaget?
Restructuring of cognitive schema to account for new information.
social worker conducting a longitudinal study collects data about her subjects' past status on the variables of interest. What type of study is this?
Retrospective.
*ASD Medications:* _______________: Decrease symptoms of aggression, self-injury, tantrums, impulsivity, social skills
Risperidone-risperdal
ADHD medications
Ritalin, Concerta, Adderal ( stimulants/dopamine) Straterra (norepinephrine)
A social worker asks both members of a married couple in conflict to argue for their partner's position. This is an example of:
Role Reversal
Focus on attachment
Romance
It is understood in a family that subjects related to sexuality are never to be discussed in front of the father because they upset him. This arrangement is an example of family
Rules
social worker meets with a client who is disabled and unemployed. The client has never had a job and has almost no money. Based on this information, the social worker should recommend that the client apply for which of the following?
SSI.
antidepressant medications
SSRI's celexa or citalopram, fluoxetine or prozac, sertaline, Luvox, lexapro or zoloft. SE's are Nausea, headache, agitation, anxiety, sexual dysfunction. do not use with st johns wart because increases the risk of seretonin syndrome. weight gain increases.
Integrity of the profession
SW Profession - Should work towards the maintenance and promotion of high standards of practice, - Should uphold values, ethics, knowledge and mission
Prescribing indecision
SW encourage family to take time making decision rather than rushing into any decision
An adult client would be MOST likely to give which of the following reasons for leaving group therapy prematurely?
Scheduling conflicts.
Supportive therapy effective for
Schizophrenia
A high-school senior is brought in for evaluation by his mother who is concerned because the boy is hearing voices and has withdrawn from his friends and family. He has no other symptoms. What is the MOST likely diagnosis for this boy?
Schizophreniform disorder
Positivist School
School of thought emphasizes to understanding the needs for treatment as an approach to crime prevention
If the patient is not in inpatient facility
Self monitoring
11-month-old baby becomes very upset when his mother leaves the room for a few minutes. This MOST likely reflects which of the following?
Separation anxiety.
Social work value associated with "doing the right thing"
Service
Cost effectiveness
Service that meet agency services targets at the lowest possible cost and still meet agency and clients goal
70-year-old man is concerned because he doesn't feel much desire to have sex with his wife. The man married his wife a year ago after being a widower for 25 years. The man's physician has determined that the man is healthy and he's not on any medications. When assessing this case, it would be useful to know that which of the following has been found to be a very good predictor of sexual activity in late adulthood, especially for men?
Sexual activity earlier in life
Best known applications of behavior modification
Sexual dysfunction, phobic disorders, compulsive behaviors (overeating, smoking), autism/MR
Paraphlic disorders
Sexual fantasies
Folie a deux
Shared delusion. A person may develop delusional system as a result of close relationship with person who already has established system.
Folie a deux
Shared delusion. A person may develop delusional system as a result of close relationship with person who already has established system. Madness for two
When the social worker supervisor initiate structure into the supervisory experience
She is defining, directing and outlining her own role and the role of subordinates
Solution Focused Therapy
Short-term, strengths-based treatment model that emphasizes empowerment to allow client to take action him or herself Describing the problem Developing well-formulated goals Working cooperatively to idetify solutions to problems End of session feedback Evaluation of client progress Techniques: miracle question, exception-finding, presuppositional questions, compliments, listening skills, empath, scaling questions
father of psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
multiple baseline design
Single-subject design
symbolic modeling
Social Learning Technique: Presentation of desired behaviors via audio or videotape, through written materials, or by observing another
Social policy emerges from governments, voluntary organizations and the will of the people. The policy that is instituted determines how resources are distributed. The differences between collectivism and individualism can be described in what ways?
Social policy influenced by individualism seeks to remove restrictions on personal freedom while the collectivist philosophy predicates that individual choice will necessarily be limited by the needs of the whole.
In kind assistance
Social programs, such as medical aid, that provide help that has a cash value, even though the help is not received in the form of cash; food stamp, Medicaid, public housing, etc
Strategic Family Therapy
Social worker initiates what happens during therapy, designs a specific approach for each person's presenting problem and takes responsibility for directly influencing people. It is active, brief, directive and task centered. Presenting problem is viewed as symptom
Family therapy approach
Social worker treat the family as unified whole.
Which of the followingdifferences between a therapist and client is generally considered to be the MOST difficult to overcome in forming a therapeutic alliance?
Socioeconomic status.
Which social work practice model uses a "miracle" question to help a client envision what type of future he/she wants to obtain?
Solution focused
conversion disorder
Somatic- A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found.
Borderline PD
Splitting, marked impulsivity, suicide ideation and instability
Stages of Substance Abuse Treatment
Stabilization, Rehabilitation/habilitation, Maintenance
Stages of Treatment for substance abuse
Stabilization, rehabilitation, maintenance
cognitive therapy
States that unconscious thinking is the basis for most human behavior and emotional experience
Structure family therapy
Stress the importance of family organization for the functioning of the group and the wellbeing of its member . Social worker engage the family in an effort to restructure it.
The client is a 12-year-old boy who has been diagnosed with a tic disorder. His parents are concerned and ask the social worker how they can help their son control his symptoms. They ask her whether stress plays any part in their son's tic disorder. What should the social worker tell them?
Stressful events can exacerbate (worsen) the symptoms of a tic disorder.
According to Sigmund Freud, human behavior was
Strongly determined by past experiences and mental forces of which people are largely unaware
Sven is a school social worker, and it has been brought to his attention that one of the students has been acting out so much that her teachers can't manage her. Sven and other colleagues sit down to make a behavioral intervention plan. Which of the following would be found in this plan?
Suggestions on how to decrease the future behavior
During the initial interview, a client reports a loss of appetite, sleep difficulty, and spells of sadness and weeping. What should the social worker assess FIRST?
Suicide potential.
A national survey finds that, while most people are in favor of integration in the workplace, the majority also oppose affirmative action. This finding is BEST explained by which of the following?
Symbolic racism theory.
Three measures that can be viewed at certain intervals to determine if and how much progress the client has made
Symptoms of mental illness, well-being of a client, and functioning of client
A person with wernicke-korsakoff
Syndrome of memory problems that can be treated by administration of thiamine
exploitation
Taking advantage of a weaker group
Introjection
Taking in and "swallowing" the values and standards of others
5 years old
Talking while playing - normal development
A social worker helps a client acknowledge the target problem, develop and select problem-solving actions, and resolve anticipated obstacles to accomplishing these actions. The social worker also uses guided practice to prepare the client to carry out actions between sessions. What model is the social worker using?
Task Centered
rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
Teaching self defeating
Live Supervision
Technique of teaching therapy whereby the supervisor observes sessions in progress and contacts the therapist to suggest different strategies and techniques- clinical interview
Cycle of vilence
Tension building, the battering accident, attempt contrition
identity diffusion
The adolescent has not yet experienced an identity crisis, explored alternatives or committed to an identity
Acculturation
The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.
Adler: Compensation
The attempt to shed normal feelings of inferiority
How do you find the median
The average of the two middle numbers
Kurt Lewin
The behavior equation- peer pressure
ethncentrism
The belief that one's ethnic group is superior to others. This can be seen by the ancient Chinese referring themselves as the "Middle Kingdom" or referring to others as "barbarians"
validation therapy
The caregiver accepts values and beliefs of the resident with dementia, even though they may differ from reality
generally speaking, the psychological adjustment of children with chronic illness is MOST dependent on which of the following?
The child's level of functional impairment.
A social worker is meeting with a client who complains of anxiety and stress. The client worries that he won't graduate because he has to work every weekend and several evenings during the week. He says that he sometimes feels panicky, like his heart is racing too fast. The social worker refers the client for a medical evaluation, and the client agrees to go see a doctor. The social worker discovers that the client is age 17, but has a declaration of emancipation. Which of the following is true in this situation?
The client can consent for himself to both the medical evaluation and the mental health treatment.
sister-sister
The closest types of siblings relationship in early, middle and adulthood
Comorbidity
The coexistence of two or more disorders.
Premack Principle
The concept, developed by David Premack, that a more-preferred activity can be used to reinforce a less-preferred activity.
gender wage gap
The difference between the earnings of women who work full-time year-round as a group and those of men who work full-time year-round as a group.
dope sick
The experience of negative symptoms due to withdrawal from medication, typically opiates-heroin
idea of reference
The false impression that outside events have special meaning for oneself.- thinking others are talking about you
The parents of an 11-year-old girl are going through a divorce and are worried about how she will react to this. The father meets with a social worker to get information and advice. He asks about typical reactions to divorce by children in his daughter's age group. What should the social worker tell him?
The girl probably won't feel responsible for the divorce but may feel that her parents' marriage can be fixed.
Act Utilitarian
The government and private sectors responsibilities toward the community
family structure
The invisible set of functional demands organizing interactions among family members. Boundaries and rules determine who does what, where, and when are the crucial in three ways
A heterosexual couple seeks therapy because they fight too much. They say, "It's like we're two different species when we try to talk about things." Based on his knowledge of research on communication style and gender, the social worker would be MOST likely to suspect that which of the following is true about this couple's communication?
The man prefers talking about activities, while the woman prefers talking about feelings.
Benzodiazepines
The most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium, Ativan ( lorazepam), klonopin, and Xanax.
Erikson identifies identity formation as the key psychosocial task during adolescence. At age 17 or 18, this task begins to be replaced by which of the following?
The need to develop interpersonal closeness and solidarity
dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
The label "primary" when applied to a sexual dysfunction means which of the following?
The person's sexual problem has been present since his or her first sexual experiences.
child development
The physical mental and socioemtional changes that occur between birth- 18. Genetics and prenatal development Are usually included in the study of child development
Co-optation
The process by which individuals are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state, making them dependent on the state for certain rewards
accommodation
The process of partial or selective cultural change
accommodation
The process of partial or selective culture change
Self-detrmination
The right to personal autonomy and decision making
Role complementarity
The role is carried out in an expected way
On DSM5 all mental disorders are listed in
The same axes
Ethongraphy
The study of an entire social setting through extended systematic observation. Descriptive method used to understand culture through direct observation
family homeostasis
The tendency of families to resist change to maintain steady state.
Echolalia
The uncontrollable and immediate repetition of words spoken by another person
Echolalia
The uncontrollable and immediate repetition of words spoken by another person- repeating noises and phrases- Catatonia, Autism, schizophrenia and other disorders
Countertransference
Therapist has transference reaction to the patient
Which of the following should be the social worker's main goal when conducting the first session with a client?
To allow the client tell their own story with their own words
The aim of individual therapy
To develop more adaptive lifestyle by overcoming feelings of inferiority and self centered ness and to contribute toward others
strategic alliance
To meet with one member of the family alone to help the client
What is the main point of reliability testing in psychological testing
To minimize error
Uses process recordings
To observe, self observation and increase self awareness
Which of the following describes an important goal Title XX of the Social Security Act Amendments of 1974?
To provide social services to low-income people in a more economical way.
social worker meets with a client who is an inmate in the local prison. The client is a transgender person who started hormone therapy shortly before he was incarcerated. The client tells the social worker that the prison doctor has been refusing to give him the hormones and that no one at the prison is paying attention to his complaints about this. What is the social worker's role in this case?
To work for and with the client to ensure that he receives the medical care he is entitled to.
Which of the following is neurodevelopment disorder
Tourette's syndrom
Charlotte is a social worker practicing in a hospital. She meets her client Fransisco, who has been admitted for a bullet wound sustained in the community. Though she had originally sympathized with him, upon hearing that he is a drug dealer she takes a different view and has an intensely negative attitude toward him. Which of the following values best describes what Charlotte is exhibiting?
Universalism
A client often says things like, "That just doesn't feel right to me" and "I can't get a handle on things." According to neurolinguistic programming (NLP) theory, what should the social worker do to build rapport with this client?
Use words that reflect the client's preferred sensory mode.
A veteran comes in requesting counseling for adjustment issues. He lost a leg last year while serving overseas, and wears a prosthetic. He has been having trouble getting along with his family, drinking too much and is having a hard time finding a job. "I'm pretty much just a worthless cripple," he says. What is the BEST response by the social worker?
When I look at you I see a person."
IDENTITY FORCLOSURE - the status in which the adolescent seems willing to commit to some relevant roles, values, or goals for the future. Adolescents in this stage have not experienced an identity crisis. They tend to conform to the expectations of others regarding their future (e. g., allowing a parent to determine a career direction) As such, these individuals have not explored a range of options.
When an adolescent has not experienced a crisis but has adopted an identity (occupation, ideology) imposed by others, identity foreclosure has occurred
According to the DSM, when is deviant behavior viewed as indicative of a mental disorder?
When it is a symptom of a dysfunction in the individual
A client was date-raped a week ago. When would it be MOST appropriate to refer this client to a support group?
When the acute trauma reaction has subsided.
Administration of practical services
When the social worker give the client resources to choose from that is paid by the community
When can it be considered appropriate to not inform participants in a study that they are being studied
When there is a discontinuity of research participants, i.e., the researcher is studying numerous subjects over a course of time in a naturalistic setting
Census recognizes 6 ethnic and racial categories
White American, American Indian / Alaska native, Asian, African American, and native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders
The social worker perception of the client problem should be well formed
Within 2-3 contacts
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Without health, safety, and basic needs being met, a client cannot meet his higher level needs
context
Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.
Friendly Visitors
Workers associated with the Charity Organization Society movement. Volunteer friendly visitors would be assigned to needy families. Visitors were urged to be friendly but firm; their primary functions were to correct the character flaws of the poor and to inspire them to strive for independence and the moral life.
Each year, an agency starts its budget process from scratch and must justify every financial request it makes. What type of budget is being used?
Zero-based
Simvastatin
Zocor for high cholesterol
Scaffolding
Zone of proximal development ZPD by Lev Vygotisky Adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the child's current level of performance
Neurologic symptoms
___ of Vit B12 Defiency Anemia such as difficulty with gait, paresthesia, and ataxia,
action research
a change process based on systematic collection of data and then selection of a change action based on what the analyzed data indicate
Encopresis
a childhood disorder characterized by repeated defecating in inappropriate places, such as one's clothing
Encopresis
a childhood disorder characterized by repeated defecating in inappropriate places, such as one's clothing. After the age 4.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
a childhood disorder marked by excessive anxiety, even panic, whenever the child is separated from home or parent
psychodynamic sigmund freud
a client is seen as a product of his past and treatment involve dealing with the repressed materials in the unconscious
polarized thinking
a cognitive error based on an all-or-nothing framework. There are no gray areas in polarized thinking
motivational interviewing
a collaborative, person-centered form of guiding to elicit and strengthen motivation for change
factious disorder
a condition in which an individual acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick
factious disorder
a condition in which an individual acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick- previously called munchausen syndrom by proxy; someone false claim that another person has physical or psychological signs or symptoms of illness or cause injury to another person
Munchausen syndrome
a condition in which the "patient" repeatedly makes up clinically convincing simulations of disease for the purpose of gaining medical attention
Down Syndrome
a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21- mental retardation
Trichotillomania
a disorder characterized by the repeated pulling out of one's own hair
Trichotillomania
a disorder characterized by the repeated pulling out of one's own hair- moved in DSM 5 from impulsive control to obsessive compulsive disorder
nonorganic failure to thrive
a disorder in which infants stop growing due to a lack of stimulation and attention as the result of inadequate parenting
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
a disorder in which the individual voluntarily repeats nonfunctional behaviors, such as rocking or head banging, that can be damaging to his or her physical well-being
delirium tremens
a disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol
Conduct Disorder (CD)
a disorder that involves severe antisocial and aggression behaviors that inflict pain on others or involve destruction of property or denial of the rights of others
inhibition
a feeling that makes one self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way- loss of motivation to engage in activity
dialectical behavior therapy
a form of therapy used to treat borderline personality disorder
DBT (dialectical behavior therapy)
a form of therapy used to treat borderline personality disorder that combines elements of the behavioral and cognitive treatments with a mindfulness approach based on Eastern meditative practices
self-help groups
a group composed of people who have similar problems and who meet together without a therapist or counselor for the purpose of discussion, problem solving, and social and emotional support
Bandura's Social-Learning Theory.
a group of children were shown a video of a young woman physically and verbally abusing a bobo doll, a 5-foot tall blow-up punching bag. The woman yelled, kicked and beat the doll with a hammer while the children watched. After viewing the video, the children were left in a playroom with a bobo doll and several small hammers while observers watched through a two-way mirror in the next room. As he predicted, the children imitated the behaviors they had witnessed in the video - beating, hammering and yelling aggressively at the doll. After a series of experimental variations, Bandura outlined several factors that lead children to model behaviors of others. Collectively these came to be known as Bandura's Social-Learning Theory.
Schizophrenia
a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
federation
a group of states with a central government but independence in internal affairs.
amicus curiae brief ("friend of the court" brief)
a legal brief, filed by an individual or a group that is not a party in the case, written to influence the Court's decision
TQM (Total Quality Management)
a management philosophy that focuses on satisfying customers through empowering employees to be an active part of continuous quality improvement
Symbolic Interactionism
a micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions
Marijuana (THC)
a mild hallucinogen causing enhanced sensation, relief of pain, distortion of time, relaxation, but could adversely cause disrupted memory or lung damage from smoke
mastery model
a model that displays no fear-competent throughout
Prescribing the symptom
a paradoxical technique that forces patient either to give up symptom or to admit that it is under voluntary control- used fir resistance
secular trend
a pattern of change occurring over several generations
anaclitic depression
a pattern of depressed behavior found among very young children that is caused by separation from one's mother the second half of the first year of life
anaclitic depression
a pattern of depressed behavior found among very young children that is caused by separation from one's mother-second half of the first year
psychosocial moratorium
a period during which individuals are free from excessive obligations and responsibilities and can therefore experiment with different roles and personalities- Achebe stable identity in adolescents
histrionic personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and preoccupation with being the center of attention; emotional shallowness; overly dramatic behavior
histrionic personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and preoccupation with being the center of attention; emotional shallowness; overly dramatic behavior. Behavior that are ground to gain prestige and power
schizoid personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion
schizoid personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion- idea of reference
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
a personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types- 4 letter code
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
a personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types- self report
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
a personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types-Assesses along the number of dimensions such as extra version/ introversion or sensation/intuition the results are 4 letter code
Cocaine
a powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
psychosis
a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions
somatization disorder
a psychological disorder involving combinations of multiple physical complaints with no medical explanation
eating disorder not otherwise specified
a residual diagnostic category for people who have eating disorders that do not match the classic profile of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa
major affective disorder
a serious mood disorder; includes unipolar depression and bipolar disorder- flight of ideas, hallucination and grandiosity
Dementia
a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes
mastery modeling
a technique for acquiring new behaviors by observing others and/or with their assistance- competence is demonstrated throughout the process
linguistic competence
a term coined by linguist Noam Chomsky to refer to the mastery of adult grammar- cover information that is easily understood by diverse audience
Feminist developmental theory
a theory base developed by women that stresses the ways in which women think, reason, and act in accordance with a sense of interdependence, intimacy, nurturance, connectedness and relatedness to others; this has been referred to as women's "voices," "ways of knowing," "standpoints," and "talk."
cognitive restructuring
a therapeutic approach that teaches clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs
cognitive restructuring
a therapeutic approach that teaches clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs. SW ask client to journalizing to keep track with their thoughts and emotions
Tourrette's Disorder
a tic disorder involving multiple motor and vocal tics, believed to be caused by a complex interaction of genetic and neurobiological factors as well as environmental events
flooding
a treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a feared object and made to see that it is actually harmless
bipolar 1 disorder
a type of bipolar disorder marked by full manic and major depressive episodes
bipolar 2 disorder
a type of bipolar disorder marked by mildly manic (hypomanic) episodes and major depressive episodes
stress inoculation therapy
a type of cognitive therapy that trains clients to cope with stressful situations by learning a more useful pattern of self-talk- coping skills
operant conditioning
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher- Skinner
Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher- operant is voluntary
classical conditioning
a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
quasi-experiment
a type of research design where a comparison is made, as in an experiment, but no random assignment of participants to groups occurs
The Heinz story is to Kohlberg's theory as
a typing test is to the level of typing skill mastered.
Tourette syndrome
according to DSM5 it's a complex neurodevelopment- neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics, grunts, and compulsive utterances that sometimes include obscenities
oepidus complex
according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father- phalic stage
Oedipus complex
according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father-during phalic stage
unconcious
according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.
unconscious
according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.
self-actualization
according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
social worker advocate
act on direct behalf of individuals and group to fight for their rights
propositional thought
adolescents' ability to evaluate the logic of propositions (verbal statements) without referring to real-world circumstances
civic associations
advance their own view of community's best interest
Postmorbid
after disease onset
Congruence
agreement, harmony
Which of the following combinations of drugs, taken at the same time, is considered the MOST lethal
alcohol and barbiturates
Problem drug use among adolescents is MOST linked with:
alienation.
self-concept
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"
relational aggression
an act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person's relationship or social standing
delirium
an acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech.
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)- ambivalence
eclectic approach
an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves
binge eating disorder
an eating disorder in which people overeat compulsively-unpleasant feelings during and after eating. eating uncomfortably full-occurred at least twice a week for 6 months
Undoing
an ego defense mechanism whereby a person unconsciously cancels out an unacceptable desire or act by performing another act
Empowerment Theory
an element in the change process that generalist social workers use to increase the change possibilities by helping people and groups access resource to gain control over their lives
Delusion of grandeur
an exaggerated belief about one's importance, wealth, power, or talents. Someone believe they are god
time out
an extinction process in which a person is removed from the situation that provides reinforcement for undesirable behavior, usually by being placed in a quiet corner or room away from possible attention and reinforcement opportunities- negative punishment techniques
primary intervention
an intervention that occurs before the onset of the disease
token economy
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
Shaping
an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
An adult exhibits a long-term and persistent pattern of passivity, dependency, and manipulativeness. From a psychoanalytic viewpoint, this person would be described as having:
an oral character type.
The symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder are categorized in three groups in the DSM-5. These groups are:
angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness.
A client is extremely thin, fears becoming fat, has a distorted perception of his body shape, and has been engaging in binge-eating and purging behavior. What DSM-5 diagnosis is indicated for this client?
anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type.
Which of the following diagnoses cannot be given to an individual who is under the age of 18 years?
antisocial personality disorder
Cluster B personality disorders
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, dramatic, emotional & erratic B=borderline
Selective Mutism
anxiety disorder
harm reduction strategies
any policies or programs that are designed to reduce the level of harm associated with substance use and abuse without requiring the cessation of use
mental status exam
appearance and behavior, thought processes, mood and affect, intellectual functioning, sensorium
Behaviorist Approach
approach developed by B.F. Skinner that placed the emphasis for behavior and directed activity directly on the environment rather than on any internal needs or instincts; social worker change the external environment to bring about the desired change -locus is external
Social worker/counselor
are able to identify and clarify problem, explore resolution strategies, select appropriate strategies, and develop capacity to resolve problems.
Authoritarian parents tend to produce children who:
are dependent, passive, and submissive.
Opioids (narcotics)
are prescribed for moderate to severe pain. They are associated with respiratory depression and adverse effects of nausea, vomiting, constipation, itching, urinary retention, and altered mental processes. Sedation is an adverse effect of opioids that always precedes respiratory depression.
paraphallic disorder
are recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors that are distressing or disabling and that involve inanimate objects, children or nonconsenting adults, or suffering or humiliation of oneself or the partner with the potential to cause harm.
Relabeling
assigning more positive words or phrases to the physical reactions and feelings associated with speech anxiety
Theory x
assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above.
Theory y
assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity.
belief in the inherent morality of the group
assumption that the group members are thoughtful and good; therefore, the decisions they make will be good
The parents of 4-year-old boy report that, even as a baby, he didn't like to be held, which they attributed to colic. They report that he still doesn't like to be touched and that he doesn't like to play with other children and "seems to be in his own world" much of the time. When not engaged in an activity (he only likes playing with cars and dominos), the boy rocks constantly and has a hard time sitting still, but he can focus for hours when he's lining up his toy cars or dominos. The boy's cognitive development and language acquisition have been normal, but he does seem to have some trouble reading social cues. Which DSM-5 diagnosis should be considered FIRST for this boy?
autism spectrum disorder
Cluster C personality disorders
avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive, anxious or fearful -C=OCD
The primary role of a social worker is to:
be a resource
Differentiation
becoming specialized in structure and function
Ego dystonic
behavior dis-n-sync with the ego (guilt) ego alien
gender-nonconforming behavior
behavior that does not fit with expectations for their sex
respondent behavior
behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus- stimulus elicit the response it's involuntary such as anxiety
John B. Watson
behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat. behavior could be learned
Dimensions of Person
biological, psychological, spiritual, psychosocial
Bipolar 1 vs Bipolar 2
bipolar 1: severe mania with bouts of intense depression and may be psychotic bipolar 2: hypomania with intense depression, still able to function at work/social
strange situation test
caregivers left infants alone with stranger and return a while later 9-18 months
The geographic region that is served by a social agency is known as the agency's:
catchment area.
adult development
changes that take place within individuals as they progress from emerging adulthood to the end of life
sublimation (defense mechanism)
channeling socially unacceptable impulses into constructive, even admirable, behavior
narcissistic personality disorder
characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and a need for constant attention or admiration
Malingering
characterized by the intentional creation of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms
Idealization
child borrows strength from others and identifies with someone more capable
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
chronic mental impairments produced by heavy alcohol use over a long period of time
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
chronic mental impairments produced by heavy alcohol use over a long period of time- memory problem. Treatment is the administration of thiamine
rational emotive behavior therapy RET
client confronts irrational thoughts using the ABC's (activating event, beliefs & thoughts, consequences) Hint: developed by Albert Ellis Cognitive oriented therapy in which the social worker seeks to change the clients irrational beliefs by argument, persuasion, and rational re-evaluation and by teaching the client to counter self- defeating thinking with new non distressing self statement
Contraindications for group
client in crisis, suicidal, compulsive need for attention, actively psychotic, paranoid
a major problem with managed care HMO mental health services is
client needing longer term supportive services are rarely able to receive care
covert modeling
clients are asked to use their imagination, visualizing a particular behavior as another describes the imaginary situation in detail.
systematic desensitization
clients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear in a stepwise manner. Anxiety producing stimulant is paired with relaxation producing response so that eventually an anxiety producing stimulus produces a relaxation response
client is taking medication to control the symptoms of a mental disorder. Because of the potential side-effect of a serious blood disorder, she is required to have a blood test every week. The client is MOST likely taking which of the following medications?
clozaril
magical thinking
cognitive feature of preoperational children; unconstrained by adult understandings of reality, they may believe, for example, that it is possible to turn into a racecar
Three domains of development
cognitive, affective, psychomotor
reciprocal determination
coined by Bandura's observation that the individual's behavior and the social learning environment continually influence one another.
African Americans
communications seen as highly opinionated, direct, with respect a crucial component
A study's dependent variable is measured on a nominal scale. Therefore, the researcher can, at most, do which of the following with the data?
compare frequencies
Pica
compulsive eating of nonnutritive substances such as clay or ice
Ethology
concerned with the adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history
borderline personality disorder
condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control
role conflict
conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses
double bind communication
conflicting messages sent when verbal messages and body language don't agree
According to Sigmund Freud
conscious and unconscious processes are different
Reliability
consistency of measurement
Ego-syntonic traits
consistent with a person self perception
Guardian ad litem
court appointed guardian to represent a minor or unborn child in litigation
Extinction (operant conditioning)
decreases in the frequency of a behavior when the behavior is no longer reinforced
Rationalization
defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions
Turning against self
defense to deflect hostile aggression or other unacceptable impulses from another to self
Hypothydroidism
deficiency of thyroid secretion leading to fatigue, depression, sensitivity to cold and a decreased metabolic rate
Hypokalemia
deficient potassium in the blood
A DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia requires the presence of two or more active-phase symptoms during a one-month period with at least one symptom being ____________ plus continuous signs of disturbance for least six months.
delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech
Splitting
demonstrating an inability to reconcile negative and positive attributes of self or others
Splitting
demonstrating an inability to reconcile negative and positive attributes of self or others borderline personality disorder
Splitting
demonstrating an inability to reconcile negative and positive attributes of self or others- borderline disorder
5 stages of grief
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Grieving Stages
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Zoloft, Prozac, Paxil, Celexa, Lexapro
depression
Exogenous depression
depression caused by external events or psychosocial stressors
compassion fatigue
described as physical, emotional, and spiritual exhaustion resulting from seeing patients suffer, leads to a decreased capacity to show compassion or empathize with suffering people
Ego-syntonic
describes personality disorders, a person believes that their behaviour is correct (in contrast, ego-dystonic - person sees the illness as something thrust upon them that is intrusive)
decompensation
deterioration of existing defenses
preaffiliation (forming)
development of trust in group
Specific learning disorder.
difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities
The DSM-5 diagnosis of social (pragmatic) communication disorder is characterized by:
difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication
Apraxia
difficulty with motor activites
Amphetamine intoxication
dilated pupils, inc. libido, perspiration, respiratory depression, CX pain, psychosis
A 5-year-old boy is in foster care and enrolled in a therapeutic nursery school. He and his older sister were removed from their home after they were found wandering in the park asking people for food. Their parents were both found to have a drug problem. While observing the boy at school, the social worker notices that he impulsively approaches strangers, tends to be overly familiar with people he has just met, and quickly becomes attached to any adult who pays attention to him. Before assigning a DSM-5 diagnosis of ______________ to this boy, the social worker will want to confirm that his symptoms are attributable to ______________.
disinhibited social engagement disorder; early neglect or deprivation
somatoform disorders
disorders characterized by physical symptoms for which no known physical cause exists
allocation
distribution or resources, internally or externally
advanced directive (living will)
document specifying the type of care wanted by the maker in the event of an incapacitating or terminal illness
therapy group member with high denial and high somatization is MOST likely to:
drop out early.
Most infants speak their first word between the ages of 10 and 15 months. Studies investigating language development have shown that children's first words often refer to:
dynamic objects that move or change.
secondary intervention
early detection of disease or risk factors and intervention during an asymptomatic phase
If a social program is found to have achieved the best possible results using the least amount of resources possible, this would be evidence of its:
efficiency
Ego-dystonic
ego alien- the client is bothered bu their behavior and feel guilty
Which of the following is MOST difficult to identify in a preschool-age child?
emotional abuse
psychodynamic theory
emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as forces that determine behavior and the importance of childhood experiences to shape personalities
A client seeks therapy because she is feeling inadequate and unable to change her life for the better. The social worker helps her change from having an external locus of control over the circumstances in her life to having an internal locus of control. This is an example of:
empowement
The problem solving process
engagement, assessment, planning, intervention, evaluation, termination
Sex traffickers often use a process called "grooming" to gain control over their victims. Social workers who work with at risk populations like runaways, undocumented immigrants and LGBT youth rejected by their families need to be aware of the signs of grooming so that they can intervene in the process. The progression of gaining power through this process involves:
ensnaring, creating dependence, taking control and total dominance.
Clerambault syndrome
erotomanic delusion - belief that someone, usually famous, is in love with you
When asked by the social worker why he has come in, a client says he has low self-esteem and a lack of direction in his life and wants that to change. In the first interview with this man, which of the following should be the social worker's primary objective?
establish rapport
Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
evaluates the baby's reflexes, muscle tone, state changes, responsiveness to physical and social stimuli, and other reactions
nonnormative influences
events that are irregular: they happen to just one person or a few people and do not follow a predictable timetable. Katrina hurricane
negative entropy
exchange of energy and resources between systems that promote growth and transformation
n terms of emotional development, a key task in middle childhood is the development of "emotional competence," which is BEST described as the ability to:
experience, express, and understand emotions.
According to DSM-5, someone who initiates sexual contact with children is:
experiencing a paraphilia regardless of how troubled the individual may be
sexual aversion disorder
extreme and irrational fear of sexual activity- it's no longer in DSM5 . The revision include sex specific sexual dysfunction
Dependent Personality Disorder (Cluster C)
extreme dependency in close relationship, urgent seek for another when relationships end
eating disorders
extreme, harmful eating behaviors that can cause serious illness or even death
The overall goal of social worker authenticity with a client is to:
facilitate client growth
communication techniques
facilitation, silence, reflection, empathy, clarification, confrontation, interpretation, explanation, summary
information
facts provided or learned about something or someone.
Information processing block
failure to perceive and evaluate potentially useful new information
Delusions
false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
Hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus-perceptions like experiences that occur without an external stimulus
agoraphobia
fear of open spaces
A client who is a single mother of three young children has sought assistance because she's having difficulty finding work to support her family. She has few job skills and is running out of money. The client is recently divorced, and her ex-husband has left the state. He has not been sending child support payments. The client would like help applying for TANF, and wonders if she's eligible for this assistance. The social worker explains that the program uses a means test to determine eligibility. Means eligibility depends primarily on which of the following?
financial well-being
preconventional morality
first level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by the consequences of the behavior- before age 9. Obeys our of fear of punishment. Obedience/ punishment. Conforms to rules to receive rewards
According to the DSM-5, a major depressive episode is a period marked by at least _____ symptoms of depression and lasting for ____ weeks or more.
five , two
A social worker's client becomes verbally aggressive toward the social worker during a session. In response, the social worker offers no resistance and acknowledges to the client that she has legitimate reasons for being angry. What technique is the social worker using?
fogging
As a result of numerous abuse of human subjects such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and radiation experiments in the Cold War, the National Research Act of 1974 established laws that outline ethical principles regarding research using human subjects. Institutional Review Boards (IRB) are now required by any institution conducting research on human subjects. An IRB may only approve research:
for which the risks to subjects are balanced by potential benefits to society
Mental Health Parity Act
forbids health plans from placing lifetime or annual limits on mental health coverage that are less generous than those placed on medical or surgical benefits
Gestalt therapy
form of directive insight therapy in which the therapist helps clients to accept all parts of their feelings and subjective experiences, using leading questions and planned experiences such as role-playing, the chair, here and now
Group Development
forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
Stages of Group Development
forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
qid
four times a day
LEAST relevant to consider when assessing a client's ego functioning?
gender
Psychodrama
group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family and social roles with other patients
As described in the DSM-5, the five core symptoms of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders are
hallucinations, negative symptoms, grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior, delusions, and disorganized speech
covert discrimination
harmful treatment of members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups that is hidden and difficult to document
narcissistic
having to do with extreme self-adoration and a feeling of superiority of everyone
Cephalocaudal
head to toe
myocardiopathy
heart muscle disease causes depressions
the client is a 12-year-old girl who was injured in an accident one year ago. The girl was paralyzed from the waist down and now uses a wheelchair. Many of the students at her school have been teasing and isolating her in the classroom and on the playground. The focus of the social worker's intervention plan should be on:
helping the client adapt to and cope with her disability
community organizing
helps community groups to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies for reaching the goals they collectively have set
Neurotransmitters serotonin
helps control many functions, such as mood, appetite, and sleep sexual behavior, connected to delusions, hallucinations and withdrawn behavior in schizophrenia
child with oppositional defiant disorder is LEAST likely to exhibit which of the following?
high degree of physical aggression toward peers.
A client complains of feeling depressed and unable to function or get along with his wife. He is guarded and reluctant to describe his symptoms. The social worker uses a mental status exam (MSE) to collect information about the client's present functioning. In the course of using the MSE, the social worker asks the client questions that require him to explain certain proverbs. The social worker has asked about these proverbs in order to assess what aspect of the client's mental status?
higher cognitive functioning
A client seeks therapy because he wants help improving his relationships with others. If the social worker uses the problem-solving practice model with this client, she will focus on:
his motivation, capacity, and opportunity to improve his relationships.
A man with narcissistic personality disorder attends a cocktail party with his wife. The man is MOST likely to be concerned about which of the following?
how his wife reflects on him
Heroin use during pregnancy has been associated with all of the following complications EXCEPT
hyperglycemia.
hypomania vs mania
hypomania: a milder form of elevated mood that are less severe and cause less impairment than full mania and (usually) don't require hospitalization
aphasia
impairment of language, can occur due to a stroke, dementia, or psychosis
Preconscious
in Freud's theory, the level of consciousness in which thoughts and feelings are not conscious but are readily retrieveable to consciousness
preoperational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic- magical thinking
sensorimotor stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
concrete operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events- abstract thinking, play games with rules,
concrete operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events- play games with rules, thinking is reversible, logical implications, abstract thoughts
formal operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts- planning for he future, assume adult rules and responsibility
formal operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts- planning for the future, think hypothetically, assume adults rule and responsibilities
Unconditional Stimulus (US)
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response.
Resistance
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Transference
in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
Acalculia
inability to perform calculations
prospagnosia
inability to recognize faces
aphasia
inability to speak
separation/termination (adjourning)
independence from the group
ego-systonic
individual perceives his or her behavior as correct, normal or in harmony with their goals.
self-appointed mindguards
individuals who protect the group from adverse information
Purpose of social work interview
informational, diagnostic, or therapeutic ( and may serve more than one purpose)
A social worker is working in individual therapy with a client who is known to use alcohol and several other drugs. The client arrives at a session one day exhibiting manic-like symptoms. These symptoms indicate that the client is MOST likely experiencing which of the following?
inhalant intoxiaction
Private Institutions
institution supported or controlled by private individuals or non-governmental agencies
Immigrants face many stressors before, during and after resettlement. The immigration process can involve separation from family members, physical stressors, exposure to unfamiliar customs and physical environments, and possibly trauma. The stresses involved in immigration can exacerbate or cause mental health and family difficulties. Immigrant families most often seek mental health treatment for:
intergenerational acculturative conflicts.
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine
tardive dyskinesia
involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors
Tourrette Syndrome
involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words
Tourette syndrome
involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words-curses
body dysmorphic disorder
involves excessive preoccupation with an imagined defect in physical appearances
manifest communication
involves spoken words
historical research
involves studying the past
in a private social agency, the board of directors:
is responsible for programmatic and financial operations.
Levels of cognition
knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
Suprasystem
larger system
Humanistic (Maslow)
learning is viewed as a clients activities aimed to fulfill his or her full potential and the locus of learning is to meet cognitive and other needs. Social worker aim develop the whole person
Cognitive (Piaget)
learning is viewed through internal mental processes (including insight, information processing, memory, and perception) and the locus of learning is internal cognitive structures.
supportive groups
less intense than psychotherapy, focus on coping for pt. and family
social worker broker
link the individuals and groups to resources and services.
retrospective
looking back at past things
During a session, a client says that he's mad at his neighbor and plans to slash the tires of his neighbor's car as soon as possible. What should the social worker do in this situation?
maintain the client's confidentiality.
Unlike bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder MUST include which of the following
major depressive episodes
A mother is concerned about her 9-year-old daughter because the girl seems shy. She does well at school but rarely has friends over to play. Mom has encouraged her to get involved in afterschool activities but the girl has been reluctant to choose one. In conceptualizing this case, the social worker draws on his knowledge of child development including Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Erikson's theory suggests that, in order to avoid feelings of inferiority, this school-age child needs to:
master important social and academic skills.
A client, age 22, recently graduated from college and landed a job at a company in her hometown. She lived at home while in school and has just moved into her own apartment. She's feeling anxious and worried that she'll fail at her job; she's already made a couple of mistakes that her supervisor chalked up to inexperience. Her parents call her every day wanting updates on her life, and she's feeling like they don't want her to grow up. The client says she feels like crying all the time and doesn't know if she can cope with being an adult. This information suggests that the client is MOST likely experiencing which of the following?
maturational crisis.
A new mother is excited because her 5-week-old baby smiled when she picked him up. At this age, a baby's smile:
may be a "social smile" in response to his mother's face
Paternalistic
may require the social worker to lie to their client for the client own good
content validity
measures to which degree all of the desired data domains are covered.
short half life
medications leave the body quickly (4-8 hours)
Antipsychotics (neuroleptics)
medications that alleviate or diminish the intensity of psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions- schizophrenia and mania
confused
mental health exam
ambivalence
mixed feelings or emotions
coping model
model who initially struggles ( fearful) with a task but successfully overcomes obstacles
symbolic modeling
modeling involving something other than a live human, for instance, a film, television, instructions, reading material, or a demonstration
experimental group
most robust-use intervention / comparison group and random assignment
neurosis
nerve condition characterized by anxiety and phobias- negative feelings from the past
Emotional Triangle
network of relationships among three people
client has a long history of heavy alcohol use. Although he has been sober for three months, he is now exhibiting symptoms of cognitive impairment. It would be MOST important to refer this client to which of the following?
neurologist.
sexual aversion disorder
no longer in DSM5-the revision include sex-specific sexual dysfunctions; 6 months duration or up
Federal Rape Shield Law
no reputation and opinion evidence EVER in cases of rape
Diana is a 34 year-old client who has been diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder. She has a great deal of trouble regulating her emotions, and is constantly in turmoil in her personal relationships. The social worker is recommending that she enroll in a clinic that specializes in Dialectical Behavior Therapy for help in learning to manage her out-of-control emotions and interpersonal difficulties. In Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), the core skills of mindfulness are to be able to:
observe without judgement, describe by separating the experience from reality and to participate by being fully present in the moment non-judgmentally.
ethnographic
observing social interactions in real social settings- semi structured interview format. The interviewer become the learner instead of the subject matter expert
group polarization
occur during group decision making when discussion strengthens and dominant point of view and result in a shift to a more extreme position than any of the member would adopt on their own
Undue Influence
occurs when one party to a contract is in a position of trust and wrongfully dominates the other party
The Heinz story
one method used by Kohlberg to assess the level and stage of moral development in an individual; the individual's reason for the decision (rather than the decision itself) could be used to assess moral development. In Europe, a woman was dying of a rare form of cancer. Doctors believed there was only one drug that could save her. Her particular local druggist was charging $2,000 for a small dose of this drug, although it only cost him $200 to make. The woman's husband, Heinz, could only manage to collect $1,000 for the drug. He pleaded with the druggist to sell it to him for less, but the druggist refused. Desperate, Heinz decided to break into the druggist's store and steal the drug to keep his wife alive.
When using the DSM-5, the diagnosis of delusional disorder requires the presence of:
one or more delusions for at least one month.
Stages of Community-Based Decision Making
orientation, conflict, emergence, reinforcement
sciatica
pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve, caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots
tic douloureux (trigeminal neuralgia)
painful, sudden, spasmodic, involuntary contractions of the facial muscles supplied by the trigeminal nerve
Cluster A personality disorders
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, odd & eccentric Type A
A client says, "I don't want to get so wrapped up in my relationship with my boyfriend that I lose my ability to make my own decisions." The social worker responds by saying, "Your independence is important to you." What skill has the social worker used?
paraphrase
Hallucinations
perceptions that have no direct external cause
As described in the DSM-5, _______________ is the likely diagnosis for an adult who has experienced a depressed mood for most of the day on most days for over two years.
persistent depressive disorder
Invivo Desensitization
person is gradually exposed to something he fears- least to most
Rorchach inkblot test
personality test that uses 10 inkblots as the ambiguous stimuli- projective rest
tactile
pertaining to the sense of touch
Capitation is a payment method for health care services. When capitation is used:
physicians receive a fixed dollar amount over a designated period of time to cover the medical needs of a fixed number of patients.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization. Deficiencies need; physiological, safety, social and esteem Growth need; self actualization
informational power
power derived from control over information
referent power
power deriving from one's personal attraction
referent power
power that comes from subordinates' and coworkers' respect, admiration, and loyalty
reward power
power that comes from the ability to provide rewards or favors
expert power
power that is based on the special knowledge, skills, and expertise that a leader possesses
Kohlberg's stages of moral development
preconventional, conventional, postconventional
Head Start Program
preschool education programs for low income families
pseudo mutuality
pretending all is perfect- mask
premorbid
prior to the onset of an illness
State legislators can be involved in decisions related to which of the following?
privilege
identification with the aggressor
process of adopting the characteristics of individuals we find threatening
Endogenous
produced from within; due to internal causes
exogenous
produced from without; due to external causes
Lou Gehrig's disease
progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles.
Many developing countries have established national, regional or local Institutional Review Boards (IRB). What is the primary goal of Institutional Review Boards?
protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects.
Projection
psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
reaction formation
psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings.
Displacement
psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet
To understand what influences their clients' development and behavior, social workers often use a multidimensional framework that includes three main dimensions. Which dimension is concerned with social regulation and early attachment?
psychological
personality disorders
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
Secondary Trauma
reaction to dealing with other people's situations
public institution
receive funding from the state or other governmental entities and are administrated by public boards.
For a DSM-5 diagnosis of panic disorder, the individual must have experienced:
recurrent unexpected panic attacks.
Watson and Skinner
redefined psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior". They further suggested that behavior is influenced by learned associations, through a process called conditioning.
if you done have experience in the area
refer them to someone who have experience
comorbid
refers to the presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person
active listening
reflecting
olfactory
relating to the sense of smell
gustatory
relating to the sense of taste
Rumination Disorder
repeated regurigitation, rechewing of food w/o the apparent nausea or disgust.
A social worker is given two days to prepare and submit a report to the court about a client's progress. The social worker's supervisor needs to review the client's record before the report can be sent to the court. The social worker's BEST course of action is to:
request an extension
information processing
responses to information that are mediated through one's perception and evaluation of knowledge received
shaping behavior
rewarding approximations of desired behaviors
cognitive inflexibility
rigid thinking, difficulty generalizing and considering alternatives. " I'm not good at anything not matter how hard I try"
Role discomplementarity
role expectations of others differs from one's own
Harm Reduction Model
safe, feasible, and cost effectiveness
conventional morality
second level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's norms of behavior
conventional morality
second level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's norms of behavior. Good boy/good girl orientation . Obey laws rules are rules
Internalization and commitment
secure sense of identity and comfortable socializing
social worker activist
seek institutional change on behalf of disadvantage group
A social worker would be MOST likely to suspect that a new client's motivation is low if the client:
seems indifferent to her problem.
Federal programs such as Food Stamps, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and payments for adoption assistance and foster care are examples of ________________ programs.
selective eligibility
A social worker practices mindfulness therapy, and is seeing several clients who seem to be benefiting from it. Mindfulness based therapy involves which two basic components?
self-regulation of attention; an accepting orientation toward the present moment characterized by curiosity and acceptance.
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
NASW Code of Ethics
service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, competence
Social Work Values
service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, competence
which of the following sexual dysfunctions was deleted in DSM5
sexual aversion disorder
bing eating disorder
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa
binge eating disorder
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa- people are overweight
Excoriation Disorder
skin picking
Dysarthria
slurred speech
olfactory
smell
Albert Bandura
social learning theory
social learning theory -Bandura
social learning theory holds that behavior occurs as a result of the interplay between cognitive and environmental factors. People learn by observing others, intentionally or accidentally, in a process known as modeling. In groups, members learn from one another.
Peer group supervision
social worker meets to review cases and exchange expertise with no designated leader in the meeting
Psychodrama Groups
specialized groups in which members are encouraged to act out life experiences or situations for the purpose of learning and insight
Gottman Method
specific couples therapy approach healthy relationships are ones in which individuals know each others stresses/worries, share fondness/admiration, maintain sense of positiveness, manage conflict, trust one another, and are committed focuses on conflicting verbal communication in order to increase intimacy, respect, and affection removes barriers that create a feeling of stagnancy in conflicting situations creates heightened sense of empathy and understanding within relationship
Formal (as opposed to informal) linkages between organizations in a community are beneficial because they tend to improve service delivery and to provide greater:
stability.
preoperationsl (2-6)
stage characterized by egocentrism. starts trying to communicate to meet his needs. objects are singular and one dimensional. the child cant make reversible mental processes ANIMISTIC thinking: believe that objects have feelings . "bad table"- magical thinking, and imaginary friends. Thinking is centered can't see others point of view
contemplation stage
stage of change in which people are considering changing behavior in the next 6 months
contemplation stage
stage of change in which people are considering changing behavior in the next 6 months- ambivalent look at the pros and cons but no commitment
precontemplation stage
stage of change in which people are unwilling to change their behavior
precontemplation stage
stage of change in which people are unwilling to change their behavior, unaware, unable; stabling rapport and acknowledge
deontological theory
states that people should adhere to their obligations and duties when analyzing an ethical dilemma. They claim all actions are good or bad , right or wrong
Bandura: Self-Regulation
states we have the ability to control our behavior through a series of three main steps: Self-observation: Paying close attention to a specific behavior, how frequently it occurs, under what circumstances, etc. Self-judgment: Comparing ourselves with a standard either self-imposed or set by society, and then creating a goal for ourselves based on that standard • E.g., vowing to exercise three days per week Self-response: Rewarding ourselves each time we meet or surpass our standard, and punishing ourselves any time we don't
Reframing and relabeling
stating problem in a different way so a client can see possible solutions
socioeconomic status
status in society based on level of education, income, and occupational prestige
Homestasis
steady state
power and control
storming; struggles for individual autonomy and group identification
Subpoena vs. Court Order
subpoena is the legal action that requires a social worker to appear in court. court order is the legal procedure that requires a social worker to produce record for the court review.
Antipsychotics drugs
such as zyprexa and clozapine (clozaril)
According to the DSM-5, all of the following are considered symptoms of a manic episode, EXCEPT:
suicidal ideation
Undoing
symbolically negating or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable
role reversal
taking the role of another person to learn how one's own behavior appears from the other person's perspective
participant modeling
technique in which a model demonstrates the desired behavior in a step-by-step, gradual process while the client is encouraged to imitate the model
group polarization
tendency of group members to move to an extreme position after discussing an issue as a group
DSM5
the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
cognitive flexibility
the ability to switch focus as needed to complete a task
Centration (Piaget)
the act of focusing on one aspect of something. It is a key factor in the preoperational stage.
blaming
the act of pointing outwards when an issue causes stress
Acceptance
the action of consenting to receive or undertake something offered
positive punishment
the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring
object permanence
the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
social worker is assessing a school-age child who has been acting out in the classroom and defying her parents. She refuses to do her homework or chores. Her parents, who are second-generation immigrants from Korea, work long hours, and the girl's grandmother cares for her every day after school. The social worker is using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory to examine this child's development. When evaluating the "microsystem," the social worker will study:
the child's immediate environment and face-to-face relationships
A client is a member of the sandwich generation. In other words:
the client is a middle-aged adult who is caring for an elderly parent while also supporting his or her own children.
dual diagnosis
the client with both substance abuse and another psychiatric illness
A social worker is preparing to use a single-subject design to evaluate changes in her client's behavior. In this situation, the dependent variable is which of the following?
the client's behavior
A child living in the United States is exposed to both English and a second language between the ages of six months and 3 years and, as result, becomes fluent in both languages. If the child had not been exposed to the second language until after the age of 4 or 5, she would have had more trouble acquiring the second language. This provides evidence for:
the concept of sensitive periods
Social Justice
the defense of human dignity by ensuring that essential human needs are met and that essential human rights are protected for all people
person-environment fit
the degree to which the needs and resources of a person and the needs and resources of an environment complement each other
Erotomania
the delusional belief that a sexually desired but unattainable person is actually in love with oneself
institutional discrimination
the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society
age of majority
the designated age at which an individual is recognized as an adult
The primary element in determining "vicarious liability" is:
the disparity in training and experience.
delirium tremens (DTs)
the dramatic physical and psychological effects of alcohol withdrawal
Deontological
the duty to do the right thing, regardless of the result
defense mechanisms
the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
clinical orientation
the enhancement of ethical practices in social work for the benefit of all clients, emphasis on making ethical decision, and resolving professional obligation conflict
face validity
the extent to which a test item appears to fit the particular trait it is measuring
Validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
illusion of unanimity (groupthink)
the false sense of agreement within the group
castration anxiety
the fear in young boys that they will be mutilated genitally because of their lust for their mothers- begin to identify with the father
Researchers interested in the relationship between basic temperament and personality later in life have found that:
the impact of temperament on personality depends on the fit between temperament and characteristics of the social environment.
Agnosia
the inability to recognize familiar objects.
operant conditioning
the learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses
sensence
the natural physical decline brought about by aging- early adulthood
It would be MOST appropriate for a social worker to refer a client for psychological testing when:
the other means used to assess the client have failed to clarify her level of functioning
Enmeshment
the over involvement of all family members in the affairs of any one member
Enmeshment
the over involvement of all family members in the affairs of any one member- personal boundaries are unclear. Emotional level in which two people can feel each other emotions
Functional Behavior Analysis
the planned observation and determination of the antecedents and consequences of a behavior-identify the problem specifically and concretely.
Idealization
the practice of perceiving only the positives of a person and/or a relationship
psychological forces
the precocious, conscious, unconscious
community organizing
the process by which community groups are helped to identify common problems or change targets, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies for reaching their collective goals
cultural exchange
the process by which different cultures share ideas and ways of doing things
identification
the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos
negative entropy
the process of a system toward growth and development
cultural blindness
the process of ignoring differences in people and proceeding as though the differences do not exist
Modeling
the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
object relations theory
the psychodynamic theory that views the desire for relationships as the key motivating force in human behavior
Extinction
the removal of a reinforcer to reduce the frequency of a behavior
negative punishment
the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring
Behaviorism (Watson)
the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only
tertiary prevention
the stage in preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain
identity achievement
the status of adolescents who commit to a particular identity following a period of crisis during which they consider various alternatives
Epidemiology
the study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population- study relationship among diseases, behavior and populations
SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
the sudden, unexpected death of an infant less than 1 year of age that has no identifiable cause
normative influence
the tendency for people to conform in order to fit in with the group
Blaming the victim
the tendency to blame individuals for their victimization, typically motivated by a desire to see the world as a fair place
Overgeneralization
the tendency to interpret a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat and failure
social learning theory
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
social learning theory
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished- relaxation techniques and cognitive restructuring
Biofeedback
the use of an external monitoring device to obtain information about a bodily function and possibly gain control over that function for adhd and anxiety
behavior modification
the use of operant conditioning techniques to bring about desired changes in behavior
The religious orientation
the use of religious convictions to practice
Inhalants
the vapors of chemicals that are sniffed or inhaled to get a "high"
Social Development
the way in which individuals' interactions with others and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life- productive not counterproductive
Stanford-Binet Test
the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test- test cognitive abilities, provide verbal, performance and full scale score for children and adults
Social constructionist theory
theory states that women's and men's behavior is determined by the context in which they are in, which includes the norms or rules of a society
System Theory
theory that describes the interconnected elements of a system in which a change in one element affects all of the other elements
structural family therapy
therapist examines and discusses with the family the boundaries and structure of the family: who makes the rules, who sleeps in the bed with whom, how decisions are made, and what are the boundaries within the family; observing and manipulating interactions within family session
reparative therapy (conversion therapy)
therapy designed to change a person's homosexual orientation to a heterosexual orientation
family therapy
therapy that treats the family as a system- unified whole
how many common suicide in the 15-24 age bracket?
third leading cause of death
postconventional morality
third level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the person's behavior is governed by moral principles that have been decided on by the individual and that may be in disagreement with accepted social norms. Genuine interest in welfare of others. Individual rights and being morally right. Broad, universal ethical principle
Empowerment Model
this approach is encouraged when working with rape victims. The focus is on the victim gaining a sense of control and moving from "victim" to "survivor"
universal eligibility programs
those that provide benefits to everyone regardless of specific needs or circumstance
enmeshed families
those whose members are too heavily connected with one another
A DSM-5 diagnosis of acute stress disorder requires a duration of symptoms of:
three days to one month
Which of the following behavioral techniques involves the individual losing all opportunities for reinforcement for a short period of time?
time out
burn out
to become extremely tired or sick by working hard for a long time
Social Work Mission
to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty
Haptics
touch
Deinstitutionalization
transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care
structural family therapy
treatment in which therapists deeply involve themselves in family activities to change how family members arrange and organize interactions
Clomipramine
tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
it is never acceptable for social worker to solicit services from vulnerable clients
true
bid
twice a day
A diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder requires the presence of delusions and hallucinations for at least __________ without symptoms of a depressive or manic episode
two weeks
token economy
type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with tokens
Narcisstic Personality Disorder
type of personality disorder characterized by a grandiose sense of self
personal fable
type of thought common to adolescents in which young people believe themselves to be unique and protected from harm
Discrimination
unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members
cognitive dissonance
unpleasant mental experience of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beliefs
altruistic
unselfish, concerned with the welfare of others
When using the DSM-5, a social worker or other clinician would code which of the following when a client has symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a specific disorder and the clinician does not want to specify the reason why?
unspecified disorder
quasi-experiment
use intervention, and comparison. Do not use random assignments
antimanic drugs
used to treat bipolar disorder and include lithium and certain anticonvulsant drugs
intimacy (norming)
utilizing self in service of the group
independent variable
variable that is manipulated
Task Centered Approach
very concrete approach that uses specific techniques, such as contracts and homework assignments to help clients make the changes they want to by following discrete steps that are laid out along the way. 1-engagement 2-short term work 3-provide specific task 4-work together 5-termination
Hypokalemia causes
vomiting, NG suction, diuretics, not eating
Live modeling
watching a real person perform the desired behavior
role ambiguity
when role expectations are not clearly understood
face validity (content validity)
whether the test appears to measure what it is supposed to in a global sense
self-censorship
withholding information or opinions in group discussions
A type I error occurs when
you reject null when it is true
A client reports experiencing periods of extreme anxiety that have a sudden onset. Which of the following conditions should be considered FIRST?
· Hyperthyroidism.
projective identification
— a form of projection utilized by persons with Borderline Personality Disorder— unconsciously perceiving others' behavior as a reflection of one's own identity.
Mahler's Theory
• Initial state of infant - fusion or symbiosis with mother • Development represents a process of separation - individuation • These patterns form the core of adult patterns of relationships
cripple
손상시키다, maim, disable, ruin, injure, impair
Advair Diskus
COPD
Stimulants (ADHD)
adderall(amphetamine) concerta(methylphenidate) dexedrine(dextroamphetamine) metadate(methylphenidate) ritalin(methylphenidate)
Max Weber three component theory of stratification
wealth, prestige, and power
a social worker faced with a practice situation that may pose an ethical dillema. who should the social worker FIRST consult?
CONSULT THE CODE-professional code of ethics