Imaging Production

In digital imaging, KV selection has an effect on 1. photon energy 2. penetration 3. image contrast

1 and 2 only

Special considerations that can require increase from typical technical factors include: 1. excessive BMI 2. skeletal sclerosis 3. osteomalacia

1 and 2 only

Subject contrast is related to: 1. differential tissue absorption 2. atomic number of tissue being traversed 3. proper regulation of milliampere seconds

1 and 2 only

The effect of scattered radiation on the x-ray image include the following: 1. it produces fog 2. it decreases contrast resolution 3. it increases grid cutoff

1 and 2 only

Which of the following circuit devices operate(s) on the principle of self-induction? 1. autotransformer 2. choke coil 3. high-voltage transformer

1 and 2 only

Which of the following units is/are used to express resolution? 1. line-spread function 2. line pairs per millimeter 3. line-focus principle

1 and 2 only

the x-ray photon detector in direct-capture systems is 1. a semiconductor 2. a-Se 3. CsI

1 and 2 only

Resolution in CR increases as 1. laser beam size decreases 2. monitor matrix size decreases 3. PSP crystal size decreases

1 and 3 only

As digital image matrix size increases 1. pixel size decreases 2. resolution decreases 3. pixel depth decreases

1 only

Causes of grid cutoff, when using focused reciprocating grids, include the following? 1. inadequate SID 2. X-ray tube off-center with the long axis of the lead strips 3. angling the beam in the direction of the lead strips

1 only

In electronic imaging, as digital image matrix size increase, 1. pixel size decreases 2. resolution decreases 3. FOV decreases

1 only

Analog-to-digital conversion is required in the following imaging system: A) CR B) DR C) SF D) direct conversion

CR

What feature is used to display RIS information on current patients? A) HIS B) MWL C) PACS D) DICOM

MWL

The fixed spatial resolution characteristic of direct digital systems is determined by the A) TFT DEL size B) sampling frequency C) laser scanner D) PSP thickness

TFT DEL size

What pixel size has a 512 x 512 matrix with a 20-cm field of view (FOV)? A) 0.07 mm/pixel B) 0.40 mm/pixel C) 0.04 mm/pixel D) 4.0 mm/pixel

0.40 mm/pixel

A grid usually is used in which of the following circumstances? 1. when radiographing a large or dense body part 2. when using high kilovoltage 3. when a lower patient dose is required

1 and 2 only

An image demonstrating many brightness levels, or shades of grays, with only slight difference between the levels/shades is said to possess. 1. long-scale contrast 2. low contrast 3. short-scale contrast

1 and 2 only

An increase in kilovoltage will have which of the following effects in digital imaging? 1. more scattered radiation will be produced 2. the exposure rate will increase 3. radiographic contrast will increase

1 and 2 only

Factors impacting spatial resolution in indirect digital (CR) imaging include 1. pixel pitch 2. sampling frequency 3. DEL size of the TFT

1 and 2 only

HVL is affected by the amount of 1. kVp 2. beam filtration 3. tissue density

1 and 2 only

Image detector spatial resolution is direct digital systems is 1. fixed 2. inversely related to the TFT DEL size 3. always variable

1 and 2 only

In radiography of a large abdomen, which of the following is/are effective way(s) to minimize the amount of scattered radiation reaching the image receptor (IR)? 1. use of close collimation 2. use of low mAs 3. use of a low-ratio grid

1 only

The difference between CR and DR include 1. CR uses IPs 2. CR has higher DQE and lower patient dose 3. CR images are displayed immediately

1 only

X-ray photon energy is inversely related to 1. photon wavelength 2. applied milliamperes (mA) 3. applied kilovoltage (kV)

1 only

Which of the following statements correctly describe the exposure indicator (EI)? (Select all that apply) 1. Exposure indicator reflects the amount of image receptor exposure to a digital image receptor 2. Exposure indicators can have an inverse relationship with image receptor exposure 3. Exposure indicators can be useful in determining patient exposure 4. Exposure indicators can be used to assess image qualilty

1, 2, 3, and 4

Acceptable method(s) of minimizing motion unsharpness is/are 1. suspended respiration 2. short exposure time 3. patient instruction

1, 2, and 3

Characteristics of DR imaging include 1. solid-state detector receptor plates 2. a direct-capture imaging system 3. immediate image display

1, 2, and 3

Factors impacting spatial resolution include 1. focal spot size 2. subject motion 3. SOD

1, 2, and 3

Factors that can affect histogram appearance include 1. beam restriction 2. centering errors 3. incorrect SID

1, 2, and 3

Factors that can impact image resolution include 1. patient factors 2. focal spot size 3. SID

1, 2, and 3

Factors that can impact image resolution include 1. patient factors 2. focal spot size 3. SSD

1, 2, and 3

For the same FOV, as the matrix size increases 1. spatial resolution increases 2. image quality increases 3. pixel size decreases

1, 2, and 3

The advantages of HF generators over earlier types of generators include 1. smaller size 2. nearly constant potential 3. lower patient dose

1, 2, and 3

The following statement(s) regarding protective filtration is/are true: 1. protective filtration functions to reduce patient skin dose 2. protective filtration increases the x-ray beam overall average energy 3. protective filtration has no impact on receptor exposure

1, 2, and 3

The photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates used in CR are constructed in layers that inculde 1. light shield layer 2. support layer 3. electroconductive layer

1, 2, and 3

To be suitable for use in an image intensifier's input screen, a phosphor should have which of the following characteristics? 1. high conversion efficiency 2. high x-ray absorption 3. high atomic number

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following can be associated with mobile x-ray equipment? 1. wireless detector 2. meet chargeable batteries 3. HF output

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following can impact receptor exposure? 1. tissue density 2. pathology 3. beam restriction

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following can impact the signal reaching the digital image receptor? 1. tissue density 2. pathology 3. beam restriction

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following factors influence(s) the production of scattered radiation? 1. kilovoltage level 2. tissue density 3. size of field

1, 2, and 3

A fluoroscopic machine with a high-frequency generator was used to perform an upper gastrointestinal study. The technologist selected 70 kVp and 150 mA on the control panel. After the study was completed, the cumulative timer indicated that the x-ray beam was on for 1.5 minutes. How many heat units (HU) were generated during this study? A) 15,750 heat units B) 22, 050 heat units C) 945,000 heat units D) 1, 370, 250 heat untis

1, 370, 250 heat units

An exposure was made using 300 mA, 0.04 s exposure, and 85 kV. Each of the following changes will decrease the receptor exposure by one half except a change to: A) 1/50-s exposure B) 72 kV C) 10 mAs D) 150 mA

10 mAs

A satisfactory receptor exposure was obtained using 12 mAs and 400 mA. What exposure time would be required to produce the same receptor exposure using 1200 mA? A) 0.1 ms B) 1.0 ms C) 10 ms D) 100 ms

10 ms

Exposure factors of 90 kV and 3 mAs are used for a particular nongrid exposure. What should be the new milliampere seconds (mAs) value if a 12:1 grid is added? A) 86 B) 9 C) 12 D) 15

15

A trauma patient requires a radiograph of the pelvis. The exposure is made at 44 inches and the pelvis is 4.5 inches off the image receptor. If the actual pelvis measures 16 inches wide, what is the smallest image receptor size that would include the entire width of the imaged pelvis? A) 18 inches B) 17 inches C) 16.5 inches D) 18.5 inches

18 inches

A decrease in kilovoltage will result in 1. a decrease in image resolution 2. a decrease in photon energy 3. a decrease in receptor exposure

2 and 3 only

Compared with a low-ratio grid, a high-ratio grid will 1. allow more centering latitude 2. absorb more scattered radiation 3. absorb more primary radiation

2 and 3 only

Image brightness is controlled by 1. IR exposure 2. monitor functions 3. postprocessing functions

2 and 3 only

Image resolution improves as 1. scintillation increases 2. DEL size decreases 3. fil factor increases

2 and 3 only

In digital imaging, as the size of the image matrix increases A) FOV increases B) pixel size decreases C) spatial resolution increases

2 and 3 only

Potential digital image postprocessing include 1. PACS 2. annotation 3. inversion/reversal

2 and 3 only

Types of shape distortion include 1. magnification 2. elongation 3. foreshortening

2 and 3 only

Which of the following are methods of limiting the production of scattered radiation? 1. using moderate ratio grid 2. using the prone position for abdominal examinations 3. restricting the field size to the smallest practical size

2 and 3 only

Of the following groups of exposure factors, which will produce the most receptor exposure? A) 400 mA, 30 ms, 72-inch SID B) 200 mA, 30 ms, 36-inch SID C) 200 mA, 60 ms, 36-inch SID D) 400 mA, 60 ms, 72-inch SID

200 mA, 60 ms, 36-inch SID

Using a 48-inch SID, how much OID must be introduced to magnify an object 2 times? A) 8-inch OID B) 12-inch OID C) 16-inch OID D) 24-inch OID

24-inch OID

The AEC master "density controls" usually adjusts the x-ray beam intensity by what increment? A) 10% B) 15% C) 25% D) 35%

25%

Exposure factors of 2 mAs and 75 kV were used for a particular part. Which of the following changes would result in twice the exposure to the image receptor? A) 1 mAs B) 4 mAs C) 76 kV D) 64 kV

4 mAs

An x-ray image of the ankle was made at 40-inch SID, 200 mA, 50 ms, 70 kV, 0.6-mm focal spot, and minimal OID. Which of the following modifications would result in the greatest increase in magnification? A) 1.2-mm focal spot B) 36-inch SID C) 44-inch SID D) 4-inch OID

4-inch OID

Technical factors of 85 kV and 10 mAs are used for a particular nongrid exposure. What mAs correction should be made if an 8:1 grid is added? A) 20 mAs B) 30 mAs C) 40 mAs D) 50 mAs

40 mAs

Of the following groups of technical factors, which will produce the greatest receptor exposure? A) 200 mA, 50 ms, 36 SID B) 400 mA, 0.05 s, 72 SID C) 400 mA, 0.10 s, 72 SID D) 400 mA, 100 ms, 36 SID

400 mA, 100 ms, 36 SID

Which of the following groups of exposure factors will produce the greatest receptor exposure? A) 100 mA, 50 ms B) 200 mA, 40 ms C) 400 mA, 70 ms D) 600 mA, 30 ms

400 mA, 70 ms

A 5-inch object to be radiographed at a 44-inch SID lies 6 inches from the IR. What will be the image width? A) 5.1 inches B) 5.7 inches C) 6.1 inches D) 6.7 inches

5.7 inches

Which of the following anode angles will result in the lowest x-ray beam intensity? A) 6 degrees B) 9 degrees C) 12 degrees D) 20 degrees

6 degrees

A satisfactory radiograph was made using a 36-inch SID, 12 mAs, and a 12:1 grid. If the examination will be repeated at a distance of 42 inches and using a 5:1 grid, what should be the new milliampere seconds vale to maintain the original receptor exposure? A) 5.6 B) 6.5 D) 9.7 D) 13

6.5

To eject a K-shell electron from a tungsten atom, the incoming electron must have an energy of at least A) 60 keV B) 70 keV C) 80 keV D) 90 keV

70 keV

A particular radiograph was produced using 12 mAs and 85 kV with a 16:1 grid ratio. The radiograph is to be repeated using an 8:1 ratio grid. What should be the new milliampere seconds value? A) 3 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10

8

The primary coil of the high-voltage transformer receives A) AC B) direct current C) pulsating direct current

AC

The luminescent light emitted by the PSP is transformed into the image seen on the CRT (monitor) by the A) PSP B) scanner-reader C) ADC D) helium-neon laser

ADC

In which of the following systems does the radiographer select the anatomic part from the console menu? A) AEC B) APR C) TFT D) CCD

APR

The percentage of incoming x-ray photons that are identified and absorbed by the detector describes A) DEL B) FOV C) DQE D) TFT

DQE

For the same FOV, spatial resolution will be improved using A) a smaller matrix B) a larger matrix C) fewer pixels D) shorter SID

a larger matrix

The device used to change AC to unidirectional current is A) a capacitor B) a solid-state diode C) a transformer D) a generator

a solid-state diode

The processing algorithm represents the A) pixel value distribution B) anatomic part and projection C) image gray scale D) screen speed

anatomic part and projection

How is SID related to exposure rate and receptor exposure? A) as SID increases, exposure rate increases and receptor exposure increases B) as SID increases, exposure rate increases and receptor exposure decreases C) as SID increases, exposure rate decreases and receptor exposure increases D) as SID increases, exposure rate decreases and receptor exposure decreases

as SID increases, exposure rate decreases and receptor exposure decreases

Which of the following pathologic conditions would require an increase in technical factors? A) pneumoperitoneum B) obstructed bowel C) renal colic D) ascites

ascites

Reduction in x-ray photon intensity as it passes through material is termed A) absorption B) scattering C) attenuation D) divergence

attenuation

The term used to describe the number of bits per pixel, which has a significant effect on grayscale, is A) voxel B) bit depth C) histogram D) TFT

bit depth

All of the following statements regarding digital imaging are true, except A) window level adjustments are associated with image brightness B) brightness is related to IR exposure C) image visibility is a function of IR exposure D) brightness and density are not interchangeable terms

brightness is related to IR exposure

Because of the anode heel effect, the intensity of the x-ray beam is greatest along the A) path of the central ray B) anode end of the beam C) cathode end of the beam D) transverse axis of the IR

cathode end of the beam

An exposure was made using 200 mA, 50-ms exposure, and 75 kV. Each of the following changes will effectively double radiographic receptor exposure, except A) change to 0.1 ms exposure B) change to 86 kV C) change to 20 mAs D) change to 100 mA

change to 100 mA

The term windowing describe the practice of A) varying the automatic brightness control B) changing the image brightness and/or contrast scale C) varying the FOV D) increasing resolution

changing the image brightness and/or contrast scale

In order for electric current to flow, the conducting material must be configured into a connecting loop. This is known as a/an: A) circuit B) alternating circuit C) direct circuit D) cycle

circuit

Direct radiography (DR) systems typically use a thin-film transistor (TFT). This device functions to: A) collect the electrical charge B) convert x-ray photons into light C) collect light and convert it into electrons D) convert the electrical signal into a digital signal

collect the electrical charge

The x-ray interaction with matter that is responsible for the majority of SR reaching the IR is A) the photoelectric effect B) compton scatter C) classical scatter D) thompson scatter

compton scatter

The process of "windowing" of digital images determines the image A) spatial resolution B) contrast C) pixel size D) matrix size

contrast

Grid absorption of the useful beam is termed A) cleanup B) cutoff C) focusing D) compensation

cutoff

If it is desired to reduce the receptor exposure by one-half, which of the following would best accomplish this? A) decrease kV by 50% B) decrease kV by 15% C) decrease kV by 25% D) decrease the grid ratio

decrease kV by 15%

Consider this scenario: While performing a cross-table lateral cervical spine, you decrease the SID from 72 inches to 60 inches. How will this modification affect the spatial resolution in the image? A) decrease spatial resolution B) increase spatial resolution C) no change in spatial resolution

decrease spatial resolution

If the lateral projection of an asthenic chest is being performed and the outer photocells are selected, what is the likely outcome? A) decreased IR exposure B) increased IR exposure C) scattered radiation fog D) motion blur

decreased IR exposure

Which of the following changes will minimize size distortion? (select all that apply) 1. decreased OID 2. decreased FSS 3. increased SID 4. increased collimation

decreased OID increased SID

The main difference between the direct-capture and indirect-capture DR is that A) direct capture/conversion has no scintillator B) direct capture/conversion uses a PSP C) in direct capture/conversion, light is detected by CCDs D) in direct capture/conversion, light is detected by TFTs

direct capture/conversion has no scintillator

The main difference between the direct-capture and indirect-capture DR is that A) direct capture/conversion has no scintillator B) direct capture/conversion uses a photostimulable phosphor C) in direct capture/conversion, light is detected by CCDs D) in direct capture/conversion, light is detected by the TFTs

direct capture/conversion has no scintillator

Ionizing radiation intensity decreases as A) distance from the source of radiation decreases B) distance from the source of radiation increases C) frequency increases D) wavelength decreases

distance from the source of radiation increases

Source-to-image distance (SID) refers to the: A) distance from the collimator to the image receptor B) distance from the target to the patient C) distance from the collimator to the patient D) distance from the target to the image receptor

distance from the target to the image receptor

Essential functions of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) include: 1. distribution of digital images 2. retrieval of digital images 3. display of digital images 4. storage of digital images 5. voice-activated dictation 6. creation of digital images

distribution of digital images retrieval of digital images display of digital images storage of digital images

The radiation dose received by the digital detector for each image is indicated by the A) mA meter B) exposure indicator C) kV selector D) histogram

exposure selector

The term voxel is associated with all of the following, except A) bit depth B) volume element C) measured in Z direction D) field of view

field of view

All the following affect the exposure rate of the primary beam, except: A) milliamperage B) kilovoltage C) distance D) field size

field size

The use of optimum kV for small, medium, and large body parts is the premise of A) fixed kV, variable mAs technique chart B) variable kV, fixed mAs technique chart C) fixed mAs, variable body part technique D) fixed mAs, variable SID technique

fixed kV, variable mAs technique chart

Which of the following factors have an impact on image contrast? (select all that apply) 1. grids 2. kVp 3. filtration 4. collimation

grids kVp filtration collimation

Diagnostic x-rays generally associated with A) high frequency and long wavelength B) high frequency and short wavelength C) low frequency and long wavelength D) high frequency and short wavelength

high frequency and short wavelength

The process used to identify the useful exposure values in the digital image is called: A) histogram analysis B) rescaling C) look-up table adjustments D) quantization

histogram analysis

The term pixel is associated with all of the following, except A) two dimensional B) picture element C) measured in xy direction D) how much of the part is included in the matrix

how much of the part is included in the matrix

If a PSP has been stored, unused, for 48 hours or more, it should be erased prior to use to avoid A) phantom image formation B) image fog C) aliasing artifact D) image distortion

image fog

Using a fixed milliampere seconds and variable kilovoltage technical factors, each centimeter increase in patient thickness requires what adjustment in kilovoltage? A) increase 2 kV B) decrease 2 kV C) increase 4 kV D) decrease 4 kV

increase 2 kV

When using automatic exposure control (AEC), which of the following can be employed to reduce patient motion while maintaining proper image receptor exposure? A) decrease back-up timer settings B) increases mA settings C) decrease kVp setting D) increased grid ratio

increase mA setting

Increasing the field-of-view will have what affect on the pixel size? A) no effect B) increase pixel size C) decrease pixel size

increase pixel size

Using a short (25-30 inches) SID with a large (14 x 17 inches) IR is likely to A) increase the scale of contrast B) increase the anode heel effect C) cause malfunction of the AEC D) cause premature termination of the exposure

increase the anode heel effect

In which of the following examinations should 70 kV not be exceeded? A) upper GI (UGI) B) barium enema (BE) C) intravenous urogram (IVU) D) chest

intravenous urogram (IVU)

The relationship between wavelength and energy is correctly described as A) directly related B) inversely related C) directly proportional D) inversely proportional

inversely related

An algorithm, as used in x-ray imaging A) is a geometric formula B) produces specific exposure factors C) is a series of variable instructions D) produces predetermined exposure factors

is a series of variable instructions

Foreshortening of an anatomic structure mean that A) it is projected on the IR smaller than its actual size B) its image is more lengthened than its actual C) it is accompanied by geometric blur D) it is significantly magnified

it is projected on the IR smaller than its actual size

Which of the following components is used to release information stored in a photostimulable phosphor (PSP) for processing? A) laser light B) infrared light C) ultraviolet light D) white light

laser light

Which of these processes is used to display the digital image with the ideal brightness and contrast A) histogram analysis B) rescaling C) look-up table adjustments D) quantization

look-up table adjustments

Which of the following scenarios will produce LOW image contrast? (select all that apply) 1. high kVp 2. low kVp 3. use of a high grid ratio 4. use of a low grid ratio 5. large radiation field size 6. small radiation field size

low kVp use of a low grid ratio large radiation field size

What type of contrast would result from using high kVp values PRIOR to image processing? A) low scale contrast B) high scale contrast C) kVp has no effect on contrast

low scale contrast

Which of the following would be caused by increased diagnostic filtration? (select all that apply) 1. lower patient dose 2. higher patient dose 3. lower contrast 4. higher contrast 5. decreased exposure to the image receptor 6. increased exposure tot he image receptor

lower patient dose lower contrast decreased exposure to the image receptor

Image receptor exposure is affected by: (select all that apply) 1. mAs 2. focal spot size 3. collimation 4. filtration

mAs collimation filtration

All of the following are related to spatial resolution, except A) milliamperage B) focal spot size C) SID D) OID

milliamperage

All of the following statements regarding automatic exposure control are true, except A) AECs function to produce consistent and comparable receptor exposure B) ionization chambers are located between the x-ray table and the IR C) AECs will compensate for tissue thickness and density differences D) minimum reaction time is the longest exposure time possible with a particular AEC

minimum reaction time is the longest exposure time possible with a particular AEC

Modality worklists are used to: A) navigate through patients B) schedule procedures C) put orders in the computer systems D) store images once completed

navigate through patients

The electronic term used to describe anything that interferes with visualization of the x-ray image is A) scintillation B) MTF C) postprocessing D) noise

noise

Geometric blur can be evaluated using all the following devices, except A) star pattern B) slit camera C) penetrometer D) pinhole camera

penetrometer

Which of these devices converts light photons into electrons in a cassetteless imaging receptor? A) thin-film transistor (TFT) array B) scintillator layer C) photodiode D) amorphous selenium (a-Se)

photodiode

The component of a CR IP that records the radiologic image is the A) emulsion B) helium-neon laser C) photostimulable phosphor D) scanner-reader

photostimulable phosphor

The component of a CR image plate (IP) that records the radiologic image is the A) emulsion B) helium-neon laser C) photostimulable phosphor D) scanner-reader

photostimulable phosphor

The distance between the center of one pixel to the center an adjacent pixel is termed A) picture element B) volume element C) pixel pitch D) bit depth

pixel pitch

The function of shuttering is to A) remove bright, unexposed areas outside collimated field B) prevent overexposure C) prevent underexposure D) substitute for, or supplement, collimation

remove bright, unexposed areas outside collimated field

An algorithm, as used in x-ray imaging, is a A) geometric formula B) specific exposure factors C) series of variable instructions D) predetermined exposure factors

series of variable instructions

Elongation is a type of A) size distortion B) shape distortion C) geometric blur D) quantum noise

shape distortion

Misalignment of the tube-part-IR relationship results in A) shape distortion B) size distortion C) magnification D) blur

shape distortion

Which of these variables affects the spatial resolution recorded in the radiographic image? (select all that apply) 1. source to image distance (SID) 2. kilovoltage peak (kVp) 3. milliampere-second (mAs) 4. object to image distance (OID)

source to image distance (SID) object to image distance (OID)

Which of the following statements is/are correct about the line-focus principle? (select all that apply) 1. The actual focal spot is always smaller than the effective focal spot 2. the actual focal spot is always larger than the effective focal spot 3. the effective focal spot is always larger than the actual focal spot 4. the effective focal spot is always smaller than the actual focal spot

the actual focal spot is always larger than the effective focal spot the effective focal spot is always smaller than the actual focal spot

For medicolegal reasons, radiographic images are required to include all of the following information, except A) the patient's name and/or identification number B) the patient's birth date C) a right- or left-side marker D) the date of the examination

the patient's birth date

Foreshortening can be caused by A) the radiograph object being placed at an angle to the the IR B) excessive distance between the object and the IR C) insufficient distance between the focus and the IR D) excessive distance between the focus and the IR

the radiographic object being placed at an angle to the IR

Dynamic range is defined as: A) the range of exposures that produce quality images at an appropriate patient factor B) the range of exposures that can be captured by a detector C) the number of x-ray photons striking the image receptor D) the sharpness of structural lines recorded in the radiographic image

the range of exposures that can be captured by a detector

The fill factor of the direct radiography (DR) image receptor is: A) the thin-film transistor (TFT) portion of the image receptor B) the sensitive portion of the detector element compared to the non-sensitive portion C) the fill dimensions of the direct radiography (DR) image receptor D) the storage capacitor portion of the direct radiography (DR) image receptor

the sensitive portion of the detector element compared to the non-sensitive portion

Focal spot blur is greatest A) directly along the course of the central ray B) toward the cathode end of the x-ray beam C) toward the anode end of the x-ray beam D) as the SID is increased

toward the cathode end of the x-ray beam

Which of the following mistakes listed are most likely to result in a histogram error artifact? (select all that apply) 1. using incorrect collimation 2. using an incorrect patient identification number 3. processing a posteroanterior (PA) chest radiograph as a lateral chest 4. processing a knee radiograph as a chest

using incorrect collimation processing a posteroanterior (PA) chest radiograph as a lateral chest processing a knee radiograph as a chest

The two main characteristics of AC are A) constant amplitude and periodic change in flow B) bidirectional amplitude and periodic flow C) periodic amplitude and undirectional flow D) varying amplitude and periodic reversal of direction

varying amplitude and periodic reversal of direction

The changes between the images shown in figure 4-7 represent changes made to A) pixel size B) matrix size C) window width D) window level

window width

The output phosphor of most modern image intensifiers is comprised of: A) calcium tungstate B) cesium iodide C) cesium and antimony D) zinc cadmium sulfide

zinc cadmium sulfide

The output phosphor of most modern image intensifiers is comprised of: A) zinc cadmium sulfide B) cesium iodine C) sodium iodide D) calcium tungstate

zinc cadmium sulfide