immune system

What is non-specific immunity?

- Provides a rapid response to foreign invaders. - First line of defense. - Generalized response. - Mechanical (skin) and chemical (hydrochloric acid in the gastric mucosa)

what is specific immunity

Immunity against a specific and particular antigen

what is genetic immunity

Immunogenetics or immungenetics is the branch of medical genetics that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics. ... Alternatively, genetic variations can also help to define the immunological pathway leading to disease.

What are lymphocytes?

white blood cells

what are primary and secondary response

The primary immune response occurs when an antigen comes in contact to the immune system for the first time. ... The secondary immune response occurs when the second time (3rd, 4th, etc.) the person is exposed to the same antigen

specific immunity third line of defense

The third line of defense is specific resistance. This system relies on antigens, which are specific substances found in foreign microbes. Most antigens are proteins that serve as the stimulus to produce an immune response. ... The activation of T-cells by a specific antigen is called cell-mediated immunity.

What are B lymphocytes (B cells)?

They mature in the bone marrow. They are associated with humoral immunity - involving antibodies that are present in body fluids or 'humour' such as blood plasma.

What are T lymphocytes (T cells)?

WBC's that are synthesized in bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland

what are natural killer cells

a lymphocyte able to bind to certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without the stimulation of antigens, and kill them by the insertion of granules containing perforin.

What are interferons?

a protein released by animal cells, usually in response to the entry of a virus, which has the property of inhibiting virus replication.

What is a phagocyte?

a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.

What is cell-mediated immunity?

an immune response that does not involve antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.

What is a vaccine?

an injection that contains a weaker version of the disease

Antigens

antigens are structures specifically bound by antibodies or a cell surface version of Ab ~ B cell antigen receptor. The term antigen originally described a structural molecule that binds specifically to an antibody only in the form of native antigen.

what is the study of the immune system

immunology

First line of defense in non specif immunity

includes physical and chemical barriers that are always ready and prepared to defend the body from infection. These include your skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, 'friendly' bacteria and white blood cells called neutrophils.

Immunotolerance

is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in given organism.

what is accuried immunity

is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth

active immunity

is the induction of immunity after exposure to an antigen. Antibodies are created by the recipient and may be stored permanently

What is inflammation?

localized tissue response to injury

what is naturally acquired immunity

occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response. Artificially acquired active immunity can be induced by a vaccine, a substance that contains the antigen.

second line of defense

resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized way without targeting specific individuals: Phagocytic cells ingest and destroy all microbes that pass into body tissues. For example macrophages are cells derived from monocytes (a type of white blood cell).

What is passive immunity?

short term immunity using antibodies produced outside the body

immediate hypersensitivity reactions

A reaction characterized by a heightened or an inappropriate immune response to common antigens.

What is a fever?

Abnormally high body temperature

artificially accuried immunity

Active artificially acquired immunity refers to any immunization with an antigen. ... Passive artificially acquired immunity refers to the injection of antibody-containing serum, or immune globulin (IG), from another person or animal.

what are allergens

An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body. Such reactions are called allergies

What are antibodies?

An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.also are proteins

diffrence between immunity and non specif immunity

speciaifty and memory

what are protective proteins

Antibody, also called immunoglobulin, a protective protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance, called an antigen. Antibodies recognize and latch onto antigens in order to remove them from the body.

b cell activation and antibody mediated immunity

B-cells are activated by the binding of antigen to receptors on its cell surface which causes the cell to divide and proliferate. Some stimulated B-cells become plasma cells, which secrete antibodies. Others become long-lived memory B-cells which can be stimulated at a later time to differentiate into plasma cells.

What do antibodies do?

Bind to antigens on pathogens to disable and clump them together ready for phagocytosis

what is an algeric reaction

the immune system overreacts to a harmless substance known as an allergen. ... In some people, substances such as pollen, certain foods, latex, mold, pet dander, dust mites or insect stings are allergens that trigger the production of antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE).

What is antibody-mediated immunity?

the mechanism of adaptive immunity that involves antibody production and the destruction of foreign antigens by the activities of B cells, T cells, and macrophages

what are complement proteins

Complement is a system of plasma proteins that can be activated directly by pathogens or indirectly by pathogen-bound antibody, leading to a cascade of reactions that occurs on the surface of pathogens and generates active components with various effector functions.

whats a delayed allergic reaction

Delayed or late-phase allergic reactions generally occur 2 - 6 hours after exposure (and even longer in some people). ... In the case of allergic asthma, a delayed allergic reaction can cause other problems, such as loss of sleep due to nighttime asthma attack

autoimmune diseases

Diseases caused when the immune system loses tolerance for self and turns against certain molecules in the body. ex would be rhuemtoid arteris

what is T cell activation and cell mediated immunity

Helper T cells in the immune response: A helper T cell becomes activated by binding to an antigen presented by an APC via the MHCII receptor, causing it to release cytokines. Depending on the cytokines released, this activates either the humoral or the cell-mediated immune response.