Immune System and Organization
Disorders of the immune system that are caused by a decrease in immune function include __________.
AIDS
Which of the following are lymphocytes?
B cells, T cells and NK (natural killer) cells
Which of the following statements about MHC molecules is true?
During their development in the thymus, only T cells bearing receptors that would bind MHC molecules-foreign antigen complexes are permitted to survive.
which cell type involved in adaptive immunity express membrane receptors for antigens?
Memory
immune responses are characterized by _____.
Memory, diversity, and specificity
Which of the following statements about exercise and the immune system is true?
Moderate exercise results in a more effective immune system than a sedentary lifestyle.
Which of the following are utilized by both humoral and nonspecific immunity to attack antigens?
Phagocytosis and the complement system
which of the following is not a type of autoimmune disease
SCID
Which of the following produce(s) passive immunity?
The injection of antibodies, the passage of IgG antibodies across the placenta, and treatment of rabies with the injection of antibodies against the rabies virus
which of the following is a chemical barrier to pathogens
acid in the urinary test
Helper T cells directly or indirectly activate __________.
all answers are correct
In order for an organ or tissue transplant to be successful, __________.
all answers are correct
Molecules released during inflammation include __________.
all answers are correct
Sites where foreign particles and microorganisms can be trapped, and where they can be destroyed by lymphocytes and macrophages, include __________.
all answers are correct
The phenomenon of clonal selection can be illustrated by which of the following concepts?
all answers are correct
which of following statements about MHC molecules is true?
almost all body cells express class I MHC molecules
complement activation protection from infection by four different methods. Which of following is not mechanisms of complement activation?
antibody production by B cells
Put the events underlying inflammation in the correct order: a) Recruited leukocytes phagocytize the invaders. b) Local macrophages engulf foreign matter. c) Nearby capillaries dilate and become more permeable. d) Foreign matter is contained. e) Additional leukocytes migrate into the region.
b, c, d, e, a
Put the steps of phagocytosis in the appropriate order: a) exocytosis of bacterial debris b) degradation c) attachment d) internalization
c, d, b, a
Interleukins are cytokines that enhances the body's response to infection directly by several methods. Which of the following below is not an effect of interleukin release?
decrease body temperature
which of the following are phagocytes
eosinophils
which cell type induces cytotoxic T cells to kill?
helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells __________.
kill target cells directly by inducing them to lyse, attack cells only after receiving a signal from a helper T cell and induce apoptosis in target cells
Autoimmune diseases include __________.
lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
The actions of complement include __________.
lysis of bacteria, opsonization and binding to antibodies
During an allergic reaction __________.
mast cells are degranulated and histamine is released
The phenomenon of acquired immunity is due to the presence of ___________ cells.
memory
which of the following statements about exercise and the immune system is true?
moderate exercise result in a more effective immune system that does secondary lifestyle
which of the physical barriers can trap foreign matter and potential pathogens
mucus membrane
Molecules called interleukins enhance the body's response to infection directly by __________.
raising body temperature, inducing B and T cell proliferation and increasing neutrophil release from bone marrow
which of the functions of heparin release during a local inflammation response
the act as an anticoagulant
which of the following is an example of clonal selection?
the production of antibodies by B cells after exposure to a particulars viral flu strain
what is the function of histamine release during a local inflammation response?
the stimulate vasodilation and increased capillary pore permeability
what is a function of cytokine release a local inflammation response
to serve as a paracrine and autocrine messenger
which of the following scenarios produces passive immunity
treatment of rabies with the injection of rabies virus antibodies
A person with type B blood __________.
will possess antibodies to type A blood, although he or she has never been exposed to type A lood, can receive type O blood in a transfusion and can donate blood to someone with type AB blood