Immunity PrepU

A patient develops gastrointestinal bleeding from a gastric ulcer and requires blood transfusions. The patient states to the nurse, "I am not going to have a transfusion because I don't want to get AIDS." What is the best response by the nurse?

"I understand your concern. The blood is screened very carefully for different viruses as well as HIV."

A client with rheumatoid arthritis informs the nurse that since he has been in remission and not having any symptoms, he doesn't need to take his medication any longer. What is the best response by the nurse?

"It is important that you continue to take your medication to avoid an acute exacerbation."

During a mumps outbreak at a local school, a patient, who is a school teacher, is exposed. She has previously been immunized for mumps. What type of immunity does she possess?

Acquired immunity

A nurse has given a child's scheduled vaccination for rubella. This vaccination will cause the child to develop which of the following?

Active acquired immunity

Which of the following is the most severe form of hypersensitivity reaction?

Anaphylaxis

The nurse is caring for an older client admitted to the health-care facility with a new onset of confusion and a low-grade fever. Which age-related changes might contribute to decreased functioning of the immune system?

Decreased kidney function

A client is undergoing testing to determine the overall function of her immune system. Which test will best identify the functioning of the client's cellular immune system?

Delayed hypersensitivity skin test

A 38-year-old client has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease. During the health history assessment. the nurse learns that the client works as an aide at a facility that cares for children infected with AIDS, does moderate cardiovascular exercises every other day, takes no medication, has no allergies, and eats mainly a vegetarian diet with fish and chicken one to two times each week. Which factor is the most important consideration in determining the status of the client's immune system?

Gender

A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a community presentation on smoking cessation. Based on current research regarding the effects of cigarette smoking on the immune system, which alterations in immune function can be attributed to smoking and should be included in the teaching presentation? Select all that apply.

Increased white blood cell count Decreased T-cell function Decreased natural killer cells Increased risk of infection

A neonate exhibited some preliminary signs of infection, but the infant's condition resolved spontaneously prior to discharge home from the hospital. This infant's recovery was most likely due to what type of immunity?

Nonspecific immunity

The nurse is completing a focused assessment addressing a client's immune function. What should the nurse prioritize in the physical assessment?

Palpation of the client's lymph nodes

A patient with a recent diagnosis of HIV infection has expressed to the nurse that he is motivated to learn as much about his disease as possible. The patient has heard and read about the role of the different T cells, but is unclear of their roles in the immune response. Which of the following roles of T cells should the nurse identify? Select all that apply.

Stimulating the immune system Secreting cytokines Directly attacking antigens Activating other T cells

What are the primary participants in the immune system?

T- and B- cell lymphocytes

An older client doesn't understand why advancing age increases susceptibility to illness. What will be included in the nurse's explanation? Select all that apply.

The body's number of T-cell lymphocytes decreases with age. The amount of antibody produced in response to most foreign antigens decreases with age.

A nurse is preparing a presentation about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for a local community group. What would the nurse include in the presentation about HIV transmission? Select all that apply.

The risk of acquiring HIV through the transfusion of blood products is almost nonexistent. The amount of HIV contained in body fluids on exposure is associated with the risk for infection. HIV can be found in seminal fluid, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. Sharing of infected equipment used to inject drugs increases the risk for infection.

Why would it be important for the nurse to question the client about sexual practices, history of substance abuse, and his lifestyle during the interview process?

To determine if the client has practices that put him at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A nurse has been administering seasonal influenza vaccinations to the residents of a long-term care facility. One resident has refused the vaccinations, stating that he believes the vaccination to be a cause of influenza infection rather than a protection against it. The nurse's response to this resident should encompass which of the following facts about vaccination?

Vaccination prompts the body to produce antibodies against influenza.

Lymphoid tissues, which perform a function within the immune response, are found throughout the body. While the thymus gland, tonsils and adenoids, spleen, and lymph nodes are lymphoid tissues, where else in the body can lymphoid tissues be found? Select all that apply.

intestines lungs

Client is presenting an anaphylactic response to unknowingly ingesting nuts at a family celebration. What action is of primary importance upon admission?

maintain airway

A client has recently been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, and is also receiving further testing for disorders of the immune system. The client works as an aide at a facility caring for children infected with AIDS. Which factors will hold significant implications during the client's assessment? Select all that apply.

work environment history of immunizations and allergies use of other drugs