Immunity Review
A client is diagnosed with psoriasis, and the nurse is providing health teaching concerning skin care at home. Which recommendation does the nurse include in the teaching?
"Apply moisturizing lotion several times a day."
Which client has the highest risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection?
A client who shares equipment to snort or smoke drugs
A child is found to be allergic to dust. The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for the parents. What should the nurse include in the plan?
Damp-dusting the house will help limit dust particles in the air
Which bacteria colonies are commonly found in a client's large intestine?
Escherichia coli are bacteria that are part of the normal flora in the large intestine.
Which sexually transmitted disease is caused by a virus?
Genital warts are caused by a sexually transmitted virus. Bacteria cause syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydial infections.
A nurse has just administered an immunization injection to a 2-month-old infant. What instructions should the nurse give the parent if the infant has a reaction?
Give acetaminophen for fever; call the healthcare provider if the child exhibits marked drowsiness or seizures.
A client who abused intravenous drugs was diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) several years ago. What does the nurse explain to the client regarding the diagnostic criterion for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
Has a CD4+T-cell lymphocyte level of less than 200 cells/µL (60%)
A nurse is reviewing several charts. Which condition is an autoimmune disorder?
Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder, wherein the immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Addison's disease is caused by adrenal insufficiency. Cushing's syndrome is caused by increased body levels of cortisol. Sheehan's syndrome is hemorrhage-associated hypopituitarism after delivery of a child.
The nurse suspects that a client with inhalation anthrax is in the fulminant stage of the disease. Which symptom supports the nurse's conclusion?
Hematemesis
Which type of immunoglobulin is present in tears, saliva, and breast milk?
IgA immunoglobulin is present in tears, saliva, and breast milk
During the neurologic assessment of a client with a tentative diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome, what does the nurse expect the client to manifest?
Increased muscular weakness
A teenager with allergies is using oxymetazoline nasal spray. What effect should the nurse assess the client for if more than the recommended dose is taken?
Increased nasal congestion
Which complication of anaphylactic shock in the adolescent client is most important for the nurse to detect early?
Laryngeal edema with severe acute upper airway obstruction may be life threatening in anaphylactic shock and requires rapid intervention.
Which autoimmune disease affects the central nervous system?
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system
Which preparations use toxoids but not live viruses? Select all that apply.
PEDIARIX and DAPTACEL
Which viral infection will cause the nurse to observe for warts?
Papillomavirus
What does the nurse explain to a client that a positive diagnosis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is based on?
Positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot tests
Which parameter should the nurse consider while assessing the psychologic status of a client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
Presence of anxiety should be considered while assessing the psychologic status of a client with AIDS. Sleep patterns and severity of pain are related to the assessment of activity and rest, a physical status. Cognitive changes are related to the assessment of neurologic status.
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving azathioprine, cyclosporine, and prednisone before receiving a kidney transplant. What does the nurse identify as the purpose of these drugs?
Reduce antibody production
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute Guillain-Barré syndrome. Which assessment is priority?
Respiratory exchange
Which diseased condition associated with the client's heart is an example of an autoimmune disease?
Rheumatic fever is a heart disorder that is an example of an autoimmune disease.
A nurse is teaching a client about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What are the various ways HIV is transmitted? Select all that apply.
Sharing syringe needles, Breastfeeding a newborn, and Anal intercourse
The primary healthcare provider prescribes one unit of packed red blood cells to be administered to the client who suffered a hip fracture. Several minutes after the start of the infusion, the client reports itching. Upon further assessment, the nurse observes hives on the client's chest. Which action should the nurse take next?
Stop the transfusion immediately.
A nurse is counseling the family of a child with AIDS. What is the most important concern that the nurse should discuss with the parents?
Susceptibility to infection
An injured client with an open wound is brought to the hospital. The doctor asks the nurse to administer a tetanus toxoid injection. Which standard of the nursing practice as defined by the American Nurses Association does the nurse follow?
The nurse will administer the tetanus as per the doctor's regime. The American Nurses Association identifies this standard of nursing practice as implementation.
Why would a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) be prescribed diphenoxylate hydrochloride?
To manage diarrhea
Which is a leukotriene antagonist used to manage and prevent allergic rhinitis?
Zileuton is a leukotriene antagonist used to manage and prevent allergic rhinitis.
Which cytokine is used to treat multiple sclerosis?
β-Interferon