Imperialism Exam Review : Africa
Which of the following resulted from Europe's expansion overseas in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? (A) Europe's population size and industrial productivity declined. (B) European countries acquired colonies and dominated world trade. (C) The number of workers needed for European factories declined. (D) Mechanized agriculture spread worldwide.
(B) European countries acquired colonies and dominated world trade.
Which of the following was a new Western motive for overseas territorial expansion in the industrial era? (A) Missionary drive to convert non-Western peoples to Christianity. (B) Seizure of land to be put to use raising cash crops. (C) Need for raw materials for factory production. (D) Access to new markets for sale of Western manufactured goods.
(C) Need for raw materials for factory production.
Which of the following anticolonial movements would employ strategies for coexistence with Europeans, espoused in Source 1? (A) The Angolan independence movement (B) The Vietnamese independence movement (C) The Indian independence movement (D) The Haitian independence movement
(C) The Indian independence movement
The conquest referenced in the passage above involved a conflict between France and which of the following entities? (A) The Mughal Empire. (B) The Safavid Empire. (C) The Ottoman Empire. (D) The Songhai Empire.
(C) The Ottoman Empire.
Which of the following is true concerning imperialism in the period 1750 to 1914? (A) Europeans set up a number of settler colonies in Southeast Asia. (B) Imperialism prevented the integration of local economies into global trade networks. (C) Western Europe, the United States, and Japan were all imperialist powers. (D) Colonies became ready markets for Western manufactured goods.
(C) Western Europe, the United States, and Japan were all imperialist powers.
The apartheid system in South Africa can be described as (A) The political party that encouraged widespread democracy and participation throughout South Africa. (B) The economic system which industrialized South Africa and focused on the mining of diamonds and gold. (C) The collaboration between black and white South Africans in the effort to remove British colonial rule. (D) A series of restrictive laws enacted with the goal of maintaining the separate societies of black and white.
(D) A series of restrictive laws enacted with the goal of maintaining the separate societies of black and white.
In the early stages of European and American colonial expansion (A) Missionaries were always the first ones to arrive. (B) European and American women were seldom part of the settlement. (C) Westerners had to teach people how to trade. (D) Almost always there was cooperation from the local leaders.
(D) Almost always there was cooperation from the local leaders.
Kipling's poem received its rationale from which of the following nineteenth-century philosophies? (A) Conservatism. (B) Romanticism. (C) Liberalism. (D) Social Darwinism
(D) Social Darwinism
Which of the following was a significant effect of Western imperialism in the twentieth century? (A) The decline of migrations to industrialized countries (B) The development of nationalism among colonized peoples (C) The conservation of the environment in colonized areas (D) The systematic deterioration in public health conditions
(B) The development of nationalism among colonized peoples
The growth of rubber and palm oil production in Africa produced all of the following effects EXCEPT (A) Disruption of village life. (B) Training of the indigenous people to use and maintain new technologies. (C) Production concentrated around European needs and desires. (D) Malnutrition.
(B) Training of the indigenous people to use and maintain new technologies.
Which of the following is an accurate description of the relations between Belgium and the Congo in the 19th and early 20th centuries? (A) The two areas had an open trade. (B) The Congo won its independence from Belgium. (C) Belgium took advantage of the people and natural resources of the Congo. (D) Congo rulers fought bloody wars with the Belgian Royal Army.
(C) Belgium took advantage of the people and natural resources of the Congo.
Césaire's statement above was most likely made in response to (A) the growing superpower influence in Africa and Asia during the Cold War (B) the success of the Indian independence movement (C) European colonizers' claim that their rule had improved life in the colonies (D) leaders of the decolonization movement arguing for the adoption of parliamentary democracy after achieving independence
(C) European colonizers' claim that their rule had improved life in the colonies
In West Africa, cultural influences from the Americas were added to traditional African cultures by (A) Mercenary soldiers brought in by colonial powers. (B) Catholic priests from Brazil and former Spanish colonies. (C) Free blacks who returned to their West African homelands. (D) Slavers who were smuggling slaves into the United States.
(C) Free blacks who returned to their West African homelands.
Which of the following was NOT the result of colonialism in the period 1750 to 1914? (A) Sometimes imperialists built a plantation economy around a traditional crop of the colony. (B) Global migration increased because of imperialist recruitment of labor forces. (C) National identities among subject peoples were eliminated. (D) Global trade increased significantly
(C) National identities among subject peoples were eliminated.
Which of these factors played the greatest role in European interest in South Africa in the late 1800s? (A) The need for additional sources of African slaves. (B) The desire for new markets for European goods. (C) The discovery of diamonds and precious metal resources. (D) Political turmoil along the northern European trade routes.
(C) The discovery of diamonds and precious metal resources.
One common way of recruiting workers in African colonies was through (A) Indentured servitude. (B) The use of slaves. (C) The use of a variety of taxes that had to be paid regardless of income, which forced the Africans to work for wages. (D) Emigration from European nations with too many people.
(C) The use of a variety of taxes that had to be paid regardless of income, which forced the Africans to work for wages.
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Social Darwinists made which of the following arguments? (A) All people should be treated equally. (B) Human evolution had reached the point where competition was no longer necessary. (C) Theories of natural selection could be applied to nations, races, and social classes. (D) Interracial marriage should be encouraged.
(C) Theories of natural selection could be applied to nations, races, and social classes.
During the 1800s, the Zulu (A) Converted to Islam. (B) Allied with British forces to conquer neighboring tribes. (C) United and militarized under a warlike chieftain. (D) Were conquered and enslaved by the Boers.
(C) United and militarized under a warlike chieftain.
Which of the following historical backdrops gives context to Auclert's commentary on women in Algeria? (A) Utopianism. (B) Communism. (C) Industrialism. (D) Colonialism.
(D) Colonialism.
How did the German experience in colonizing Africa differ from that of the British and French? (A) German colonies were the most politically and economically successful in Africa. (B) The Germans refrained from colonizing Africa. (C) The British and French treated natives more brutally than the Germans did. (D) German colonies were less desirable, lost money, and involved the Germans in brutal wars against the natives.
(D) German colonies were less desirable, lost money, and involved the Germans in brutal wars against the natives.
How did Great Britain gain control of the Suez Canal in the late nineteenth century? (A) It colonized Egypt in the same way that it had colonized India. (B) It built the canal itself and established a zone of influence in the canal's vicinity. (C) It seized the canal from Egypt in a short but bloody war. (D) It bought up shares in the company that owned the canal, then used its economic interest as a pretext to install a pro-British regime in Egypt.
(D) It bought up shares in the company that owned the canal, then used its economic interest as a pretext to install a pro-British regime in Egypt.
In South Africa, the British attempt to take control of Transvaal and the Orange Free State (A) Led to the defeat of the British army by the Zulus. (B) Succeeded only when malaria wiped out the resident population. (C) Met with support from the native tribes. (D) Led to the South African War.
(D) Led to the South African War.
As a result of Bismarck's Berlin Congress' plan to partition Africa (A) Germany controlled a substantial portion of Africa. (B) The United States entered the scramble for Africa. (C) The slave trade with Europe, North America, and South America was halted. (D) Only two African nations remained free at the beginning of the twentieth century.
(D) Only two African nations remained free at the beginning of the twentieth century.
The reasons for intense imperialism among European nations included all of the following EXCEPT (A) Industrialization generated the demand for new sources of raw materials. (B) The military need to establish strategic bases around the world. (C) There was a belief in the racial superiority of Europeans. (D) Population decline in European nations required new sources of labor.
(D) Population decline in European nations required new sources of labor.
Which of the following conclusions can best be supported by this map of the British Empire in 1910? (A) Indian independence was achieved from Britain by 1910. (B) British imperial power had been declining before 1910. (C) British influence was limited to the Americas by 1910. (D) The British Empire had spread throughout the world by 1910.
(D) The British Empire had spread throughout the world by 1910.
Which of the following would have been a motive of nineteenth-century European imperialism? (A) The desire to hem in Islam and prevent its growth in other parts of the world. (B) The desire to develop the industrial base of former colonies. (C) The desire to gain control of foreign companies. (D) The belief in the superiority of Western technology and Western culture.
(D) The belief in the superiority of Western technology and Western culture.
The maps of Africa above best explain which of the following about African history in the twentieth century? (A) Why Islam has continued to spread in sub-Saharan Africa following decolonization (B) Why most African states achieved independence within a few years of one another (C) Why some former colonial powers have continued to intervene in the internal affairs of their former colonies after independence (D) Why African state-building efforts have been hindered by the persistence of political boundaries inherited from the colonial era
(D) Why African state-building efforts have been hindered by the persistence of political boundaries inherited from the colonial era
The reference to "local wars" in Source 2 most likely refers to which of the following strategies of European colonizers in Africa between 1750 and 1900? (A) Instigating intertribal wars so that tribes would sell slaves to European merchants (B) Making alliances with certain tribes in order to dominate other tribes (C) Selling machine guns and other advanced weapons to certain tribes in order to form solitary states to negotiate with in place of multiple tribes (D) Spreading Christianity to stoke religious wars across Africa
(B) Making alliances with certain tribes in order to dominate other tribes
Césaire's interpretation of the nature of precolonial societies is most directly influenced by which of the following? (A) The capitalist principle that markets will self-regulate (B) The Marxist idea that early societies were classless (C) The Social Darwinist concept of the survival of the fittest (D) The totalitarian concept of the primacy of group interests over individual interests
(B) The Marxist idea that early societies were classless
Which of the following best describes British motivation to establish overseas colonies? (A) British manufacturing was dependent on raw materials produced overseas. (B) Britain sought new markets for its manufactured goods and technology. (C) Missionaries sought to convert colonized peoples to Christianity. (D) In the 19th century, European powers competed amongst each other for new overseas territory
(A) British manufacturing was dependent on raw materials produced overseas.
Which of the following was true of sub-Saharan Africa in the early nineteenth century? (A) Competition among African tribes had led to the beginning of national identity among some African groups. (B) Islam had taken over as the only religion in sub-Saharan Africa. (C) Famine and drought had forced most Africans to move into coastal cities. (D) Only areas already under European control experienced real industrial development.
(A) Competition among African tribes had led to the beginning of national identity among some African groups.
Auclert suggests that which of the following was a fear held by French officials? (A) Education can lead a person to challenge an unjust system. (B) Religious diversity would lead to instability. (C) The French would interact with native girls. (D) The Algerian education system was doomed for failure.
(A) Education can lead a person to challenge an unjust system.
Which of the following was an impact of modernization efforts in Egypt? (A) Egypt accumulated tremendous debt to European nations such as England and France. (B) A Western-style democratic government was installed, although voting rights were not extended to women. (C) State-built infrastructure and public investment in industrialization enabled Egypt to withstand European imperialism. (D) A liberalization movement among the working and middle class began to remove Muhammad Ali from power.
(A) Egypt accumulated tremendous debt to European nations such as England and France.
Which of the following describes a negative short-term effect of the European colonization of Africa? (A) Famines occurred when African farmers were forced to grow crops for export. (B) Europeans built infrastructure such as roads and railways in the lands they colonized. (C) Missionaries from Europe built schools for native populations. (D) Africa experienced a general improvement in medical care under European rule.
(A) Famines occurred when African farmers were forced to grow crops for export.
Which of the following statements about East Africa in the 1800s is inaccurate? (A) No major slave markets operated in East Africa. (B) At one point, more than 40 percent of the population was made up of slaves. (C) Arabs had gained a great deal of political influence. (D) Swahili was the regime's dominant language for trade and interaction.
(A) No major slave markets operated in East Africa.
The position of Native Americans and Africans in both sources can be attributed to which of the following disadvantages? (A) Superior European technology (B) Superior European numbers (C) Superior European forms of government (D) Superior European knowledge of local terrain
(A) Superior European technology
Which of the following sites was home to the greatest fusion of Arab, African, and Indian cultures in the nineteenth century? (A) Zanzibar. (B) Macau. (C) Alexandria. (D) Bombay (Mumbai).
(A) Zanzibar.
The two sources invoke supernatural forms of resistance to Europeans on account of which of the following? (A) The superior divine connection between the natives and their deities compared with that of the Europeans (B) A feeling of helplessness on account of previous defeats (C) Societies organized on pacifist principles (D) Societies based on shamanist governance
(B) A feeling of helplessness on account of previous defeats
Which of the following scientific concepts had the greatest role in providing a justification for imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? (A) Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease (B) Charles Darwin's theory of evolution (C) Albert Einstein's theory of relativity (D) Marie Curie's theory of radioactivity
(B) Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
Arab merchants (A) Refused for religious reasons to trade with Hindus from across the Indian Ocean. (B) Dominated the East African slave trade until the late 1800s. (C) Contributed very little to the spread of Islam to Africa. (D) Monopolized the growing trade in South African diamonds.
(B) Dominated the East African slave trade until the late 1800s.
The oldest permanent communities of African Christians are found in present-day (A) Congo. (B) Ethiopia. (C) South Africa. (D) Nigeria.
(B) Ethiopia.
The Cape Colony in South Africa was important to the British because (A) It was their only major trade port in sub-Saharan Africa. (B) It was a strategic supply station for ships traveling between Great Britain and India. (C) Great Britain gained control of the slave trade in this part of Africa. (D) It had already developed basic industry under the Dutch.
(B) It was a strategic supply station for ships traveling between Great Britain and India.
