Imperialism Test
What was the American rallying cry following the sinking of the USS Maine?
"Remember the Maine"
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Open door policy with China was meant to.....
Expand trade interests.
Which of the following is a result of American imperialism?
USA becomes a world power.
Which of the following was true of Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders?
-They helped capture San Juan Hill in the Spanish-American war. -It's recruits included cowboys, miners, college students, New York policeman, athletes, and Native Americans. -The Rough Riders were the first United States Volunteer Calvary.
William McKinley
25th president of the United States (1897-1901). Under McKinley's leadership, the United States went to war against Spain in 1898 and thereby acquired a global empire, which included Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Theodore Roosevelt
26th president of the United States (1901-09) and a writer, naturalist, and soldier. He expanded the powers of the presidency and of the federal government in support of the public interest in conflicts between big business and labour and steered the nation toward an active role in world politics, particularly in Europe and Asia. "Big Stick" Diplomacy objectives were to keep Europe out of Latin America (Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine) and use force to defend American Interests in Latin America.
William Taft
27th president of the United States (1909-13) and 10th chief justice of the United States (1921-30). As the choice of Pres. Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him and carry on the progressive Republican agenda, Taft as president alienated the progressives—and later Roosevelt—thereby contributing greatly to the split in Republican ranks in 1912, to the formation of the Bull Moose Party (also known as the Progressive Party), and to his humiliating defeat that year in his bid for a second term. "Dollar" Diplomacy objective was to protect American business interests in Latin America.
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States (1913-21), an American scholar and statesman best remembered for his legislative accomplishments and his high-minded idealism. "Moral" Diplomacy objectives were to support democratic governments in Latin America and to oppose oppressive or Undemocratic governments.
Annexation
A formal act whereby a state proclaims its sovereignty over territory hitherto outside its domain. Unlike cession, whereby territory is given or sold through treaty, annexation is a unilateral act made effective by actual possession and legitimized by general recognition.
Frederick Jackson Turner
American historian best known for the "frontier thesis." The single most influential interpretation of the American past, it proposed that the distinctiveness of the United States was attributable to its long history of "westering."
Alfred Mahan
American naval officer and historian who was a highly influential exponent of sea power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He believed that sea power was the key to both military and economic expansion. Published The Influence of Sea Power on History.
William Randolph Hearst
American newspaper publisher who built up the nation's largest newspaper chain and whose methods profoundly influenced American journalism. Competed with Pulitzer with their newspapers. Used Yellow Journalism.
Interventionists
Believed it was our duty to intervene in foreign countries, wars, anything that would increase our power and allow us to "share our gifts".
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following?
Declared the United States to be the "policeman" of the Western Hemisphere.
William Jennings Bryan
Democratic and Populist leader and a magnetic orator who ran unsuccessfully three times for the U.S. presidency (1896, 1900, and 1908). His enemies regarded him as an ambitious demagogue, but his supporters viewed him as a champion of liberal causes.
Taft's foreign policy "substituted bullets for ................"
Dollars
Why was the Panama Canal so important?
Faster trade route to get from the Atlantic to the Pacific and vice versa.
Emilio Aguinaldo
Filipino leader and politician who fought first against Spain and later against the United States for the independence of the Philippines. Believed the U.S would give the Philippines its independence after the Spanish-American War. He led a 3 year rebellion, using guerilla warfare, to fight against the U.S for the freedom the Filipinos hoped for.
Dollar Diplomacy
Foreign policy created by U.S. Pres. William Howard Taft (served 1909-13) and his secretary of state, Philander C. Knox, to ensure the financial stability of a region while protecting and extending U.S. commercial and financial interests there. The objective was to protect American Business interests in Latin America.
Roosevelt Corollary
Foreign policy declaration by U.S. Pres. Theodore Roosevelt in 1904-05 stated that, in cases of flagrant and chronic wrongdoing by a Latin American country, the United States would intervene in that country's internal affairs. US will use military powers to enforce the Monroe Doctrine. Reaffirmed the desire of the United States to keep Europe out of Western Hemisphere.
Why did the USA want to annex Hawaii?
Hawaii was in a strategic location for a Naval base, refueling station to Asia, and a coaling station.
Big Stick Diplomacy
In American history, policy popularized and named by Theodore Roosevelt that asserted U.S. domination when such dominance was considered the moral imperative. The objective was to keep Europe out of Latin America. Use force to defend American interests in Latin America.
Protectorate
In international relations, the relationship between two states one of which exercises some decisive control over the other.
Moral Diplomacy
It is a new way to deal with other nations by only giving support to those with similar values and beliefs.' You see, Wilson believed that if the U.S. placed an economic strain on certain undemocratic countries, they would begin to shift their values and transform into democratic nations.The objective was to support democratic governments in Latin America. Oppose oppressive or Undemocratic governments.
Speak softly and carry a big stick meant what?
Negotiations always carried the threat of military force.
Wilson encouraged foreign governments that worked with the USA to do what when it comes to foreign diplomacy?
Nurture constitutional governments and be like the USA.
Boxer Rebellion
Officially supported the peasant uprising of 1900 that attempted to drive all foreigners from China. "Boxers" was a name that foreigners gave to a Chinese secret society known as the Yihequan ("Righteous and Harmonious Fists"). The group practiced certain boxing and calisthenic rituals in the belief that this made them invulnerable.
What was an example of annexation during imperialism?
One of the most notable instances of American imperialism was the annexation of Hawaii in 1898, which allowed the United States to gain possession and control of all ports, buildings, harbors, military equipment, and public property that had belonged to the Government of the Hawaiian Islands.
Theodore Roosevelt serves as President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. During his presidency, the United States acquired.....
Panama Canal
Which country rebelled against the US after the Spanish American War?
Philippines
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
Policy of US opposition to any European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
What are the differences between diplomacy philosophies of the Progressive Presidents?
President Woodrow Wilson's new freedom program which included a low tariff and antitrust regulation were influenced by the progressive movement. He also established a central banking system with the Federal Reserve Act. These were different from the policies of Presidents Roosevelt and Taft because they were more idealistic.The most important political leaders during this time were Theodore Roosevelt, Robert M. La Follette, Charles Evans Hughes, and Herbert Hoover. Some democratic leaders included William Jennings Bryan, Woodrow Wilson, and Al Smith. This movement targeted the regulations of huge monopolies and corporations.
What arguments did interventionist and non-interventionists use concerning American Imperialism?
Proponents of non-interventionism must concentrate on the importance of remaining vigilant and prepared, if and when a response is called for. A defensive stance is perfectly rational and indeed the only morally acceptable and conducive means of promoting and providing for peaceful solutions. Believed interfering in the affairs of foreign nations relations should be avoided. While interventionism has become nearly habitual through all the modern precedents of coercive public policies, it cannot be justified by them. Might not make right, nor is it a prescription for the U.S to operate as a global police force. Believed it was their duty to intervene in foreign countries, wars, anything that would increase our power and allow us to "share our gifts".
The idea that the stronger nations should survive, while the weaker ones should be conquered.
Social Darwinism
What were motivating factors for American imperialism in the 20th century?
Spread democracy and increase trade in foreign markets.
Open Door Notes
Statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900 for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity. The U.S. did not want to colonize China, just to trade with them.
Alfred Mahan would argue this was important for expansion and economic growth.
Strong naval force
Which of the following was NOT a reason for the start of the Spanish American War?
The Cuban's revolt towards the Rough Riders.
How did the Spanish-American War influence American expansion interests and solidify the nation's new position as an empire?
The Spanish-American War of 1898 ended Spain's colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere and secured the position of the United States as a Pacific power. U.S. victory in the war produced a peace treaty that compelled the Spanish to relinquish claims on Cuba, and to cede sovereignty over Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the United States. The United States also annexed the independent state of Hawaii during the conflict. Thus, the war enabled the United States to establish its predominance in the Caribbean region and to pursue its strategic and economic interests in Asia.
How did the United States unknowingly help Japan become a world power?
The United States introduced new technologies and opened trade with Japan.
The white man's burden is illustrated in this picture. What was the white man's burden?
The belief that imperialism was necessary to civilize people of color around the world.
Neutrality
The legal status arising from the abstention of a state from all participation in a war between other states, the maintenance of an attitude of impartiality toward the belligerents, and the recognition by the belligerents of this abstention and impartiality.
What factors led to an increase in American Imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th century?
The reasons were because of Economic, Political, Religious, Exploratory. Economic- Desire to make money, expand and control foreign trade, acquire raw materials and cheap labor, etc.. Political- Motives were based on nations desires to gain power, expand territory, to exercise military force, etc.. Religious- Desire to spread Christianity, to Protect European missionaries in other lands, European values and moral beliefs, etc..Exploratory- Desires to explore uncharted territory, to conduct scientific research, conduct medical searches for the causes and treatment of diseases, etc..
Yellow journalism
The use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation. The phrase was coined in the 1890s to describe the tactics employed in the furious competition between two New York City newspapers, the World and the Journal. Journalism based on sensationalism and crude exaggeration.
William Seward
U.S. politician, an antislavery activist in the Whig and Republican parties before the American Civil War and secretary of state from 1861 to 1869. He is also remembered for the purchase of Alaska in 1867—referred to at that time as "Seward's Folly."
This was a root cause of American involvement in Cuba.
Yellow journalism
