India, China, Japan Imperialism
Why did Chinese resistance fail against imperialism? Why were they not interested in trading with the West?
Because everyone around them was more modernized, and were able to win wars with the tech. China never had interest in trading with the West
positive effects of imperialism in India
Britain connected India to the modern world through science, technology, medicine, and modern ideas (sewing, modernization), Railroads enabled India to develop modern economy and brought unity to regions, telephone and telegraph lines, dams, bridges, irrigation, canals, put an end to local rulers/ warfare, India's population and production of goods increased-population increased due to better usage of hygiene, increased amount of vaccinations&medicines available, larger food supply, encouraged traveling herders to settle down and become farmers, teaching them about crop rotation so their lands would be fertile, desire for unity, modern economy, public health improved, english language more commonly used and learned
Boxers
Poor peasants and workers who resent the privileges given to foreigners, Chines Christians who adapted foreign faiths, and who wanted change, society of Righteous and Harmonious faiths
Sphere of Influence
The domination by one country over another country. controls trade and investment, 1899 US declared open door policy, China's doors be open to any type of merchants, kept US trading rights and kept China free from colonization
Boxer Rebellion
campaign against foreign power, 1900 Boxers descended on Beijing supported European section. 19000 multinational forces defeated Boxers - rebelling against foreign control
Raj
British rule after India came under British crown (colony)
Sepoy
Indian soldiers
Taiping Rebellion
"great peace", civil movement, hongs movement
Imperialism
a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force
Salt March
12 March 1930-an important part of the Indian independence movement-a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India, and triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement. british put a high tax on salt, which the indians didn't agree with
What allowed the Chinese to (economically) be taken over by imperialists?
All the money from the opium tea, salt, tin, iron, and silver
Samurai
people in the chinese army
Treaty of Portsmouth
1905 Japan and Russia began peace negotiation, President Theodore Roosevelt helped draft the treaty, gave Japan captured territories and forced Russia to withdraw from Manchuria and stay out of Korea.
Annexation of Korea
1905, japan made korea a protectorate (own internal govt, under control of outside power), Japan brought advisers who took considerable power from Korean govt, 1910 Japan officially impose occupation of Korea, Japan had very harsh rule of Korea, resulted in strong Korean nationalism
British East India Company
A privately owned trading company with a private army, not much control, wealthy merchants, indirect control (government owned no shares
What changed in India because of the Sepoy Rebellion?
British took direct command in India in 1858
Why did Japan become an imperial power?
A. It needed colonies where it could sell its surplus goods. B. It wanted to create an empire so it could be like Western imperial powers. C. It required foreign workers in order to industrialize. D. It wanted to have more security, prestige, wealth, and power
Treaty of Nanjing
After Opium War, 1842, British got the island of Hong-Kong, 1844 US gained extraterritorial rights, foreigners were not subject to Chinese law, could do whatever they wanted - Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Commerce- 3 of the conditions were favorable to the Chinese. 9 of the conditions in The Treaty of Nanking were favorable to the British. the entire amount of $21,000,000 to be paid before December 31, 1845. all prisoners of war to be immediately released by the Chinese, Hong Kong was now occupied by the British for the next 155 years ending on June 1st, 1997, when the control will be returned to China
Amritsar Massacre
Around 10,000 Hindus and Muslims went to Amritsar in 1919 - The British commander believed that Hindus and Muslims were going against the ban so they opened fire on a crowd of unarmed Indian protesters. left a scar on the relation between india and britain - prelude to ghandis noncoorperation movement 1920-22
Why did the Opium Wars start?
Britain supplied China with almost 40,000 chests of opium, which China did not approve of because they did not want their people to continue to be addicted to it. smoking opium illegal in Britain, China wanted to stop trading with opium, 1839, was mostly at sea
What happened in the Taiping Rebellion
British and French launched attacks, 1864 it was shut down, 20 million died , taiping army took control of large areas of southeastern china, put family members and lieutenants in charge of the gov't and kingdom, resulted in weak centralization
What were the causes and effects of the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War?
China broke treaty and Japan sent troops to Korea to fight China in "Sino-Japanese War" --> Japan won and signed treaty with China, giving Japan it's first colonies (Taiwan and Pescadores Islands) Japan offered to recognize Russia's rights in Manchuria if the Russians would stay out of Korea, RUSSIANS REFUSED --> 1904 Japan launched a surprise attacked on Russians ships off the coast of Manchuria Japan drove Russian troops out of Korea and captured most of Russia's pacific fleet
Out of India, Japan, and China, what was the most effective response to imperialism?
Japan, because after they were imperialized by china, they were imperialists to others, first non-European country to industrialize
What was the result of the Opium Wars? Who won?
For one, 12 million people became addicted to Opium, which caused a great amount of trouble because the rulers of China didn't want to continue to buy the supply. Also, there was a trade deficit that did not allow China to provide foreign bodies with any goods except silver. Great Britain won the Opium War against China. Their victory created foreign spheres of influence in China, allowed Great Britain to take possession of Hong Kong, opened China to European influence and created a drug epidemic in southeastern Asia.
What was the goal of the Taiping rebellion
Hong Xiuguan began the heavenly kingdom of Great peace, where Chinese people would share the countries vast wealth, "Taiping" - Great peace, army of 1 mil people, captured Nanjing 1853 to declare capital
Treaty of Kanagawa
In Tokyo, Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, representing the U.S. government, signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade and permitting the establishment of a U.S. consulate in Japan
"jewel in the crown"
India was reassured for it's raw materials, India was the most valuable, treasured of all British colonies - India's 300 million people were a large market for British made goods
Russo-Japanese War
Japan's victory over China changed Balance of power in Asia - two biggest powers in Asia now - Russia and Japan (they are enemies)Japanese was fought over Manchuria, 1903 Japan offered to recognize Russia's rights in Manchuria if the Russians would stay out of Korea, RUSSIANS REFUSED 1904 Japan launched a surprise attacked on Russians ships off the coast of Manchuria Japan drove Russian troops out of Korea and captured most of Russia's pacific fleet
Meiji Restoration
Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform or Renewal, restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 they westernized to be able to take over countries the political revolution that returned control of the country to direct imperial rule under the emperor Meiji, beginning an era of major political, economic, and social change known as the Meiji period (1868-1912).
Meiji Era
Meiji emperor realized the best way to counter Eastern influences was to modernize-Studied Western ways and adopted Germany's strong centralized government - used constitution as a model for their own Also admired British navy and Germany's army, American's system of universal public education Industrialization - First railroad line in 1872 (Tokyo - port of Yokohama, 20 miles and in 1914 more than 7,000 miles of railroad coal, tea, silk, ships & ship building, sources to industrialize Industrialization - 1st railroad line 1872, port of Yokohama) 20 mi, 1914 more than 7,000 mi of railroad
Opium Wars
Opium trade left China with a corrupt economy. China and Britain fought in the Opium Wars, British started exporting opium from India and into China, a powerful drug from the poppy plant that 12 million people became addicted to. China had outdated ships- britain had steam gun ships
Nationalist Groups - Muslim League & Indian National Congress
Ram Mohun Roy wanted reforms and adoption of Western Ways- modernization and westernizations, Indian National Congress in 1885 and the Muslim League in 1906 Partition of Bengal - too large for administrative purposes to British divided it into muslim and Hindu section
Indian & Pakistan Partition
Resentment by Muslim and Hindu to British partition. British change the policy to redraw boundaries in favors of Indians wishes, shows the Indians that unity works
Extraterritorial rights
Rights which guaranteed foreign residents could follow the laws of their own government rather than those of the host country
What was the outcome of the Boxer Rebellion
United States and the other imperial powers won and beat back the Boxers and massacred a number of the Boxers
Commodore Matthew Perry
a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854 and is often associated with the Open Door Policy. concerned with education of naval officers, helped develop an apprentice system that helped establish the curriculum at the United States Naval Academy. w/ advent of the steam engine, became a leading advocate of modernizing the U.S. Navy and came to be considered The Father of the Steam Navy in the US
Rowlatt Acts
a violation of of civil rights because these laws allowed the government to jail protesters without trial - led to the amritsar massacre February 1919, legislation of British India passed the acts- allowing certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial.
negative effects of imperialism in India
cash crops - famine, racism threatened traditional indian life, british held both the political and economic power in India which ruined their initial economy, britain restricted Indian - owned industries, such as cotton textiles economic hardship, british were upset by the indain desire for self rule and nationlism, loss of self sufficiency,
Sino-Japanese War
fought between Qing Dynasty China and Meiji Japan, primarily over control of Korea. June 1894, China broke treaty and Japan sent troops to Korea to fight China in "Sino-Japanese War", Japan won and signed treaty with China, giving Japan it's first colonies (Taiwan and Pescadores Islands)
Qing Dynasty
late Qing dynasty, (1644-1911/12), the last of the imperial dynasties of China.the population grew from some 150 million to 450 million, many of the non-and an integrated national economy was established. - a part of the attack against the taiping - no strong centrilization, the dowager empress cixi, opium addiction caused unhappy people to rebel against them
Why and how did Japan modernize and westernize in the Meiji Restoration?
modernized so they wouldn't get colonized, used lots of other countries ways for many different things to create an ideal society - sphere of influence
Open Door Policy
statement of principles initiated by the United States (1899, 1900) for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity, to Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia, the Open Door policy was received with almost universal approval in the United States, and for more than 40 years it was a cornerstone of American foreign policy.
Sepoy Rebellion (Sepoy Mutiny)
the cartridges used to shoot in shotguns were greased with pork fat and beef - foods people of the hindu and muslim religion could not eat. On May 10th, 1857, 85-90 people in the company (sepoys) rebelled, refused to accept the cartridges. British (EIC) won
Civil disobedience
the deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law, commands of a government, or occupying internal government, and nonviolence as the means to achieve independence. ghandi performed this
Mohandas K. Gandhi
was the preeminent leader of Indian independence movement in British-ruled India. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa, is now used worldwide. He is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for "father", papa in India)
