Indigenous Histories, Cultures and Struggles

This Inca emperor ruled at the time of the Spanish conquest of Peru. He was captured and executed by the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro in 1533.What was his name?

Atahualpa

This famous Mayan site in Mexico features a massive pyramid known as "El Castillo". It is located on the Yucatan Peninsula and was a major center of Mayan civilization from the 9th to the 13th century. What is this site's name?

Chichen Itza

What is the name of the books that were written in Nahuatl in the pre-colombia and the early colonial period? These books detailed the history and cultures of indigenous peoples of mesoamerica. While the Spanish destroyed many of these, approximately 500 have survived.

Codex or Codicies

The ancient Mayan calendar system was used by the Maya civilization from the 3rd century BCE to the 9th century CE. This calendar is based on a system of cycles and intervals, and it was used for astronomical and religious purposes, as well as for keeping track of time. What is the name of the ancient Mayan calendar system?

Long Count calendar

What 15th Century Incan estate located on a mountain ridge, nearly 8,000 feet high in Cusco region of southern Peru? For hundreds of years, Spaniards and other Europeans did not know about its existence. In 1983 it was declared a World Heritage Site by the United Nations.

Machu Picchu

He was the ninth ruler of the Aztec Empire, which existed in central Mexico from the 14th to the 16th century. He is best known for his encounter with the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes in 1519, which led to the downfall of the Aztec Empire. What was the name of this Aztec ruler at the time of the Spanish conquest of Mexico?

Moctezuma II

This famous Aztec ruler was known for his military conquests and his massive palace complex in Mexico City. He ruled the Aztec Empire from 1502 until his capture and eventual death at the hands of the Spanish conquistadors in 1520. What was the name of this famous Aztec ruler?

Moctezuma II

This ancient city in Mexico was built by the Zapotec civilization and features impressive stone buildings and plazas. It was a major political and religious center of the Zapotec people and was inhabited from about 500 BCE to 750 CE. What is this ancient city's name?

Monte Alban

This famous archaeological site in Peru features a large collection of mysterious, geometric lines carved into the desert floor. It was created by the Nazca culture between 500 BCE and 500 CE, and their purpose is still a subject of debate among archaeologists. What is the name of this famous archaeological site?

Nazca Lines

What is the name of the oldest known Mesoamerican civilizations? It was located in the contemporary Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco and flourished from 1500 B.C.E to 500 B.C.E.. This civilization had a profound impact on later mesoamerican civilizations.

Olmec

What Andean goddess is seen as the earth mother? She is a fertility goddess who oversees planting, harvesting and she embodies the mountains. She is important in the worldview of indigenous people of the Andes and embodies the four principles that includes water, earth, sun, and moon.

Pachamama

The Inca Empire was a vast and powerful civilization that existed from the 13th to the 16th century. The Incas were known for their impressive engineering feats, such as their elaborate road system and their terraced agriculture, as well as their rich cultural traditions, such as their language, Quechua, and their religious practices. The Inca Empire was centered in which modern-day country?

Peru

What god in Mesoamerican culture is known as the feathered serpent? He is the god of wind, air, and learning.

Quetzalcoatl

The Mapuche people are an indigenous group who have a rich culture and history that dates back thousands of years, and they are known for their resistance to colonialism and their ongoing struggles for autonomy and land rights. The Mapuche people are indigenous to which modern-day country?

Southern Chile and Argentina

This indigenous group in Brazil are known for their intricate body painting and ornate feather headdresses. They inhabit the Amazon rainforest in Brazil and have a rich cultural history that is closely tied to their environment. What is the name of this indigenous group?

The Kayapo people

This ancient civilization in Central America was known for their impressive pyramids and intricate hieroglyphs. They inhabited the region from about 2000 BCE to 1500 CE and were known for their advanced writing system, art, and architecture. What is the name of this ancient civilization?

The Maya civilization

Which is the largest indigenous people who live in the Caribbean coastal lowlands of Nicaragua and Honduras?

The Miskitos

This indigenous group in Colombia are known for their elaborate gold jewelry and other intricate metalwork. They inhabited the central highlands of Colombia from about 600 CE to the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. What is the name of this indigenous group?

The Muisca people

These people are the largest indigenous group in Mexico, and they have a long and complex history that dates back to pre-Columbian times. They are known for their impressive civilizations, such as the Aztecs and the Toltecs, as well as their rich cultural traditions, such as the Day of the Dead and their own language. What is the name of this indigenous group?

The Nahua people

This indigenous group in Mexico that is known for their colorful textiles and intricate embroidery. They are primarily located in central Mexico and have a rich cultural history that dates back thousands of years. What is the name of this indigenous group?

The Otomi people

These people are the largest indigenous group in the Andean region of South America, and they have a long and complex history that dates back to pre-Columbian times. They are known for their impressive civilizations, such as the Inca Empire, as well as their rich cultural traditions, such as their language, music, and textiles. What is the name of the largest indigenous group in the Andean region of South America?

The Quechua people

These people are an indigenous group who live in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil and Venezuela. They are known for their communal houses called malocas, which are large, circular structures made of wood and thatch. They have a rich culture and history that is closely tied to their environment, and they have faced many challenges in recent years due to mining, deforestation, and disease. What is the name of these indigenous people.?

The Yanomami people

These people are an indigenous group who live in southern Mexico, particularly in the state of Oaxaca. They are known for their vibrant textiles and handicrafts, as well as their impressive archaeological sites, such as the ancient city of Monte Alban. What is the name of this indigenous group in Mexico?

The Zapotec people

What Mexica/Aztec god was known as the god of rain? This god was also associated with fertility and water.

Tlaloc

What Mexica/Aztec goddess was known as the mother goddess? In Nahuatl, her name means "sacred mother." In the Spanish colonization, the shrine to her was destroyed and replaced with one to the Virgin Mary.

Tonantzin

This indigenous group in Bolivia who are known for their distinctive bowler hats and colorful clothing. They are primarily located in the highlands of Bolivia, Peru, and Chile, and have a rich cultural history that dates back to pre-Columbian times. What is the name of this indigenous group?

the Aymara people