Industrial Age

Jacob Riis

A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890.

Tenement

A building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation or safety

political machine

A party organization that recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives (Money, Jobs, and Housing) and is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity

Boom

A period of rapid economic growth

Poll Tax

A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote

literacy test

A test given to persons to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

Labor Unions

An organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions

Business counters verse the Unions

Blacklist - list of people denied certain services or access Strikebreakers - people hired to replace original workers for less $ Yellow dog contract - workers promise never to join labor union strike *** company police/spies + govt troops***

Theodore Roosevelt and Civil Rights

Invited Booker T. Washington to dinner once but not again because he did not think he would be re-elected

Why did the 14th Amendment not apply in this court case? (Plessy v Ferguson)

It was because segregation treated races differently but not unfairly which led to the separate but equal becoming the law of the land

Political Machine New York City

Known as Tammany Hall - Run by William Tweed - (Boss Tweed) - Helped immigrants to help secure votes and control

Jim Crow Laws

Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights

Problems of early labor unions

Low wages and unsafe working conditions

Inventions and Inventors

Mass production of steel - Henry Bessmeer Steam engine - Thomas Necomen Natural resources - John Adam

Mark Twain and the Gilded Age

On the outside it looked like it was a good time period but on the inside there was lots of corruption with government and business.

W.E.B. DuBois

Opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a "Talented Tenth". Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP.

Sweatshops

Places where workers labored long hours under poor conditions for low wages

Bust

Rapid decline in economy

Robber Barons

Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above original price.

tactic of labor unions

Strike - do not go to work - Boycott - stop buying/using particular goods/services R.R - Picket - protest outside work

Goal of the KKK and technique used

Their goal was to prevent black people from enjoying basic civil rights. They lynched, tar - and - feather raped, and caused a lot of other harm to intimidate African - Amercians

Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller

Wealthy Entrepreneurs - Carnegie - Steel Industry Rockefeller - Oil

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

philanthropist

a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.

Slums

an overcrowded, dirty area of a city where the housing is usually in very poor condition

'Natives' and immigrants

believed that the immigrant did not belong in America and thus treated them with discrimination, racism and more often than not, violence. They felt that the immigrants were taking their job

Tombstone Vote

casting dead people's vote in a current election ( current election turnout exceeds 100% of town population)

Laissez-faire

encourages business to be creative in how they make money by enforcing minimum government regulation

Fear of Socialism

fear that if the U. S. Government tries to help end the Great Depression by taking over businesses or putting people to work for the government

Grandfather Clause

if your ancestors voted prior to 1867, you did not need to pass a literacy test or pay a poll to vote

Social Darwinism

only the "strong business will survive" meaning the business with a good product and are making a lot of money will survive. This relates to the business practice because it shows what business will survive and what business will fail

How did population increases affect industrialization

raised living standards and made business owners wealthy

Jane Addams

the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes

Disfranchise

to take the right to vote away from an individual or group