Industrial Reviloution

6. Describe three ways the Industrial Revolution changed life.

1. The economy of the U.S. shifted from agriculture (farming) to manufacturing. 2. Manufacturing shifted from homes to factories. 3. Urbanization; people started to move away from rural areas to urban areas. 4. Women and children worked in factories and getting a steady pay. 5. Products were made faster and cheaper, meaning that the consumer can now buy the products at a lower price. 6. Machines take the place for human labor, meaning that people lost jobs. 7. Pollution increased; machines cause more pollution.

Eli Whitney

: American inventor, who invented interchangeable parts

Samuel Slater

: Englishman, who left England and came to the United States and brought plans for the first factory to be built in the U.S.

capitalist

: a person who invests in a business to make a profit

interchangeable parts

: identical, machine-made parts for a tool or instrument

Robert Fulton

: inventor who improved on Fitch's steam engine and was one of the 1st to successfully power a boat by steam engine (Clermont)

Spinning Jenny

: machine developed in the 1760's that could spin several threads at once; invented by James Hargreaves

Erie Canal

: man-made water route that connected the Great Lakes to the Hudson River

urbanization

: movement of population from farms to cities

2. How did Americans improve roads during this time?

Americans improved roads in many ways: 1. corduroy roads- made traveling through swampy or muddy areas easier 2. turnpikes- private companies paved roads and made them wider 3. built bridges to cross dangerous river.

Frances Cabot Lowell

Boston merchant, who found a way to improve on British textile mills; brought the spinning and weaving of cloth into one factory

How did canals effect transportation

Canals allowed parts of the country (West) to directly have a route to the eastern coast to ship their products to the rest of the world. By doing so, this allowed them to ship more quickly and efficiently, which saved time. By having them save time, it also saved money; which means that the product would be cheaper for the consumer.

3. Why did the United States have to try and rely on making their own goods in the early 1800's?

In the early 1800's, the United States did not have a good relationship with Britain, who cornered manufacturing. With the War of 1812, the United States had to try and come up with their own manufactured products. This led to Americans willing to pay for the plans for factories and textile mills, which led to Samuel Slater coming to the U.S.

5. What was the impact of the invention made by Eli Whitney?

Interchangeable parts made a huge impact during the Industrial Revolution. Factories started to be built and products were made a lot quicker and cheaper. Small workshops were now turning into factories.

5. What was the impact of the Erie Canal?

It was a huge success. The cost of shipping decreased dramatically. It helped make New York City the center of trade. It also led to other states to build canals because of its success.

1. What were the eight territories that became states in the years between 1792 and 1819? Name the state and year that they became a state in the Union

Kentucky (1792), Tennessee (1796), Ohio (1803), Louisiana (1812), Indiana (1816), Mississippi (1817), Illinois (1818), and Alabama (1819)

Dewitt Clinton

New York Governor who gets credit for building the Erie Canal

Moses Brown

New York merchant capitalist, who bought the rights to Samuel Slater's plans for the first factory; built first factory in the U.S. in Rhode Island

6. What was the overall effect on the U.S. because the U.S. improved transportation?

Overall, the United States prospered because of the improved infrastructure. With the faster, easier, and cheaper way to transport goods, it allowed for the products to be sold at a lower price. This all contributes to the growing prosperity of the United States at the time.

2. How did the Industrial Revolution come to the United States?

The Industrial Revolution came to the U.S. because Samuel Slater, a factory worker in England, memorized the plans for an Arkrights's factory and came to the U.S. Moses Brown, a capitalist, paid for the plans and opened the first factory in Rhode Island (Pawtucket, RI). Then factories spread throughout the north and so did the Industrial Revolution.

1. When and where did the Industrial Revolution start and how did it start there?

The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain in the mid-1700's. It started there because British inventors developed new technologies that transformed the textile (cloth) industry. James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny and then Richard Arkright invented a machine that could hold 100 spindles of thread.

7. How did the building of factories encourage the growth of cities?

When factories were built, people then migrated to where there were jobs. Factories opening up provided an opportunity for farmhands, small farmers, and women and children to get a job to help support their families. It also meant that more people would have an opportunity to move to the cities as well; restaurants, theatre, shops, etc.

3. How did the steam engine effect transportation?

With the steam engine powering boats, it allowed not only people to transport quickly from place to place; it also allowed farmers in the West to transport their products from place to place a lot quicker and cheaper. It also allowed merchants to move their products at a quicker pace and sell their products at a lower price.

4. Why were women and children hired to work in factories?

Women and children were hired to work in factories because they could be paid much less than a male adult. Children were also hired because of their size; they could fit easier in between all the machines.

canal

artificial channel filled with water to allow boats to cross a stretch of land

National Road

first road to be funded by Congress; ran from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling, Virginia

John Fitch

inventor who improved on the steam engines built in Britain; 1st American to try and power a boat by steam engine

factory system

method of producing goods that brought the workers and machinery in one place

Industrial Revolution

period of time in world history in which machines replace hand made products and we move from human and animal power to machine made power

turnpike

road built by a private company that charges a toll to use it

corduroy road

road made of logs; usually put in place where it is muddy or swampy