Infant & Child Development Chapter 6

Who was Genie?

A child who survived years of abuse and neglect as a child and never fully developed language skills

A child lacks the mental capacity to solve a two-digit by two-digit multiplication problem. Which example below serves as a representation of scaffolding?

A teacher helps the child learn the first step in the multiplication problem, which allows the child to then solve the next step.

When might a child experience a "vocabulary growth spurt"?

After a few months of growth in vocabulary, around 18 months of age

Which statement best reflects what researchers have learned about infant-directed speech?

Babies prefer to listen to infant-directed speech relative to adult-directed speech

Which statement best reflects a dynamic system theory perspective?

Children have multiple, innate abilities that interact to explain language development

Chomsky believed that children are innately endowed to learn language. From the options, which provides support to back Chomsky's claim?

Children show creative uses of language and an ability to generate an infinite number of sentences they never heard

A mother who spoke both English and Spanish while her baby was just a newborn can expect which of the following?

Her baby will show equal preference for both languages.

What aspect of Early Head Start is provided to families that may specifically promote infants' and toddlers' language development?

High-quality care

Which statement best explains the semantics of language as an interconnected system of words?

Learning a word like "ball" related to other words such as "bounce", "round", or "kick"

which development reveals a child's growing skills in pragmatics?

Learning social conventions and norms around language use

According to the chapter, in order to encourage _______, parents were at one point recommended to _______ rather than _______ to their deaf children.

Oral language, talk, sign

A parent has placed two young children in front of a computer to watch videos in hopes of educating them. According to research what limitations may there be?

The lack of social interactions and contingency in videos and other screens hinder growth and learning

semantic development refers to

The meaning of words and word combinations

Young children raised in homes with professional parents may show more language development and larger vocabularies compared to children raised at or near poverty levels. What do researchers Hart and Risley suggest is a possible explanation for these differences?

The researchers estimate that young children in poverty have heard over 30 million fever words in their first years of life that peers in homes with more resources

Which is true about the language development of children who hear two languages from infancy?

Their course of development in each language mirrors the course of monolingual children.

Why do children begin using prepositions, conjunctions, and articles at a later age of 2-3?

They require children to have a foundation of both nouns and verbs.

Which feature has not been studied as an example of infant-directed speech?

Whispers

Infants can use nonverbal methods—their own and those of others—to

all of the above

Infants begin to babble and vocalize when their parents interact with them. About what age will infants begin to produce canonical syllables or babbles?

as young as 6 months

At what age does infant gaze start?

by 18 months

Which is not a scaffolding strategy?

connecting to background knowledge

Which theory attempts to explain how children develop the ability to draw meaningful associations among various related words and concepts?

connectionist theory

Which is the most accurate summary of the case of Genie and what it taught scientists about critical period theory?

it provided evidence that might support the theory, but several confounding factors rendered the evidence inconclusive

Which will impact how phonemes combine into words?

language

which will impact how phonemes combine into words?

language

Chomsky suggested that children are innately endowed with the ability to learn language, which he attributed to

language acquisition device

According to the reading, infants who have hearing disabilities tend to display what amount of canonical babbling relative to hearing infants?

less frequent

An infant knows the word for an animal (doggie!) and rejects a new name for the same animal (puppy). This behavior suggests a bias of

mutual exclusivity

Which represents the order in which infants typically learn different types of words?

nouns, then verbs

What percentage of deaf children in the U.S. are born to hearing parents who do not know American Sign Language?

over 90 percent

The channeling of language preference and perception to one's native tongue is an example of

perceptual narrowing

In the real-life example of the word apple, _______ can describe why infants are able to detect the likelihood of being ap being paired with ple?

statistical learning

Tanya (18 months old) is presented with the sentence, "the dog is blinking the cat." Tanya knows the words fly and cow and through her understanding of the grammatical structure points to a picture of a dog that is licking a cat. This illustrates how _______ aids young children in the learning of new words.

syntactic bootstrapping

Which is the set of rules that govern the ordering of parts of speech for children that form meaningful sentences?

syntax

A toddler wants to leave the house and go somewhere by saying "go car?" repeatedly to his mom. This kind of speech is known as

telegraphic speech