Infection Control A

What is the difference between gram-postitive and gram-negative bacteria?

If stained by dye is gram-postitive. If not stained by dye is gram-negative.

In what organ of the body is tuberculosis most often found?

Lungs

A minute parasitic organism that causes disease such as hepatitis, colds, AIDS, herpes, and influenza is called?

Virus

Virus or Bacteria AIDS

Virus

Virus or Bacteria Hepatitis B

Virus

Virus or Bacteria Hepatitis C

Virus

Virus or Bacteria Herpes simplex

Virus

How often must an individual receive an influenza vaccine?

Yearly

Can employees decline the hepatitis B vaccine?

Yes

Should healthcare workers be vaccinated against influenza?

Yes

How long must the employer retain medical records concerning an employee's hepatitis B vaccination?

For the duration of employment plus 30 years

A division of plants that include olds is called?

Fungus

HIV or HBV A virus that affects the liver.

HBV

HIV or HBV The Symptoms include weakness, fatigue, nausea, and headache.

HBV

HIV or HBV A virus that infects immune system blood cells in humans.

HIV

List three diseases of major concern in dentistry that are caused by viruses.

Herpes, hepatitis, AIDS

What is acquired immunity?

A defense system that responds after an infection has occurred.

What is difference between aerobes and anaerobes?

Aerobes require oxygen to grow. Anaerobes grow in the absence of oxygen.

Bacteria that require oxygen to live called?

Aerobic

What does the term standard precautions mean?

All patients must be treated in the dental office as if infected with pathogenic microorganisms, using infection control procedures.

A protein substance produced by the body in response to an antigen is called a?

Antibody

A Substance that induces the body to form antibodies is called an?

Antigen

How often should the patient's medical history be updated?

At each appointment

Virus or Bacteria Tuberculosis

Bacteria

What mircroorganism causes tuberculosis?

Bacteria (bacilli)

What are the three classifications of microorganism of concern in dentistry?

Bacteria, viruses, and fungi

How can microorganisms be spread form one person to another?

Direct contact, Indirect contact, Droplet infection

How often should tetanus booster immunization be given?

Every 10 years or earlier if traumatic injury occurs

True or False Bloodborne pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms that can only be transmitted by direct contact with blood.

False

True or False Bloodborne pathogens may be transmitted through intact as well as non-intact skin.

False

True or False Dental health care workers can prevent contraction Tuberculosis by wearing a face mask during treatment of a patient with active TB.

False

True or False Hepatitis B vaccine is given in a six dose series over a 12 month period.

False

Which types of viral hepatitis are vaccines available for?

Hepatitis A,Hepatitis B, Hepatitis D (by being vaccinated against Hepatitis B)

Is it more difficult to destroy HIV or Hepatitis B virus?

Hepatitis B

Resistance to organisms due to precious exposure is called?

Immunity

How can microorganisms enter a person's body?

Inhalation, Ingestion, Mucous membranes, Breaks in the skin

What is the signifigance of spores? Why is it important in dentistry to have an understanding about spores?

Most resistant form of life known. If spores destroyed, all forms of life are destroyed.

When must employers inform at-risk employees of the hepatitis B vaccine?

Must be made available within 10 working days of the initial assignment.

How many injections are required for hepatitis B vaccination?

No

Is the medical history a good means of identifying infections diseases patients may have? Why or why not?

No. Most individuals with HBV and HIV are asymptomatic.

What are disease-producing microorganisms called?

Pathogen microorganisms

What two vaccines are available against Hepatitis B?

Recombivax HB, Engerix B

What is the major source of microorganism in the dental office?

Saliva, respiratory secretions and blood in the mouths of patients

How is HIV mainly transmitted?

Semen and blood

What three vaccines are available of preventing disease?

Tetanus, Influenza, Hepatitis B

Who is required to [ay for the hepatitis B vaccine?

The employer

Who should not receive the influenza vaccine?

Those with allergies to eggs

Are boosters currently recommended for hepatitis B vaccinations? When are they administered?

Three. At 0, 1, and 6 months

True or False Even if an employee signs a waiver refusing the immunization, The employer must provide the hepatitis B vaccine if the employee request it whole still covered under the standard

True

True or False HBV may be transmitted by handling or touching contaminated surfaces.

True

True or False HIV can be transmitted through accidental needle sticks with contaminated needle.

True

True or False HIV is considerably more persistent that HBV.

True

True or False Herpes virus often remains dormant form childhood only to reappear later in life.

True

True or False OSHA requires that employers offer the hepatitis B vaccine to all employees at risk of exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials.

True

True or False Standard precautions must be used in all patient care dentistry.

True

True or False Tetanus is usually introduced into the body through a wound or break in the skin.

True

True or False The side effects of the HBV vaccine are minor.

True

Which diseases of concern to dentistry can be cured?

Tuberculosis

Inoculation with weakened or dead microbes is called?

Vaccination

Treating eah ase as if the patient has a serious disease is called?

standard precautions