Inflammation

"You may exude pus from the most severely burned areas as the inflammatory process proceeds; this should not be mistaken as a sign of infection"

Assessment findings of a patient in an ER include partial-thickness second-degree burns caused by sun exposure, intact blisters over the most severely burned areas, and moderate pain. Which statement does the nurse include in the patient's discharge info?

innate immunity

Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.

Opsonin

In the process of phagocytosis, which substance coats the target cell to increase contact of the immune cell with the target cell?

Stage 2

In which stage of inflammation is there an increased number of circulating neutrophils and exudate formed?

Colony-stimulating factor

The nurse expects an increased level of which cytokine in a patient experiencing stage 1 of inflammation?

Basophils

The nurse identifies that which immune cell is highly active during a patient's type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

Macrophages

The nurse notices the ear canal of a patient is red and inflamed. Which cell would be most active in the first stage of inflammation?

Stage 1

The nurse observes a reddened area on the hip of a patient who is on bedrest and identifies which stage of inflammation when the patient denies pain at the site?

Otitis media (other examples include appendicitis and viral hepatitis)

The nurse recalls that which condition is an example of inflammation from infection?

Basophil

The nurse recalls that which type of leukocyte releases histamine and heparin in areas of tissue damage?

Phagocytosis (one of the primary activities of macrophages is phagocytosis)

When caring for a patient with lung inflammation and low alveolar macrophage levels, the nurse identifies that which immune function will be decreased?

Monocytes Band neutrophils

When studying pictures taken from a patient's blood smear, the nurse expects which cell t appear as an immature cell rather than a mature cell?

Scar tissue develops New blood vessels grow

Which action takes place during the third stage of inflammation if there is permanent tissue damage that cannot be replaced?

Swelling Redness

Which assessment finding leads the nurse to suspect an inflammatory response when visually inspecting a patients indwelling urinary catheter?

Cancer cell Infected body cell

Which cell in a human body is a non-self cell?

Tissue mast cells

Which cell type is responsible for secretion of histamine, serotonin and kinins in the initial stage of inflammation, causing constriction of small veins and dilation of arterioles in the area of injury?

An increase in band neutrophils

Which change does the nurse expect to see in the WBC differential of a patient with a 5 day history of a sinus infection and large amounts of nasal exudate?

eosinophil count is high

Which change would the nurse expect to see in the white blood cell differential of a client who has a prolonged, severe intestinal helminth infestation?

Sepsis

Which condition does the nurse suspect in a patient with a WBC differential count that indicates bandemia?

Skin Natural killer cells

Which following component of innate immunity needs to be discussed when teaching about immunology?

Leukocytosis does not occur during an acute infection

Which functional age-related change in the older adult occurs during the immune component of inflammation?

Meningitis Pneumonia

Which inflammatory condition is caused by an infection?

Destroy foreign invaders Help with complement activation Produce antibodies against invaders Help in recognizing self versus non self

Which is a function of leukocytes?

Help in nonspecific ingestion and phagocytosis of microorganisms

Which is a key function of neutrophils

Destruction of bacteria and cellular debris

Which is the function of a monocyte during inflammation?

1. Hematopoietic stem cell 2. multipotent stem cell 3. myeloid progenitor cell 4. Megakaryocyte 5. Matures into platelets

Which is the maturational pathway a stem cell takes when it differentiates and matures into a platelet?

Attenuation (the process of making an antigen less effective so it can be administered for therapeutic purposes)

Which is the name of the process used to make antigens less likely to grow in the body, thus making them effective for immunizations?

The heart muscle is a nondividing tissue WBC trigger new blood vessel growth Scar tissue prevents the formation of a hole in the muscle wall as ischemic cells die

Which of the following info should be included when providing an education about the healing process involved with myocardial infarctions?

The inflammatory response is triggered by the invasion of foreign organisms

Which of the following statements i a good description of otitis media?

"Monocytes have the same activity as macrophages; they just reside in the blood rather than in tissues"

Which of the following statements indicates a need for further learning about the inflammatory response?

Neutrophils attack and destroy organisms There is an increased number of circulatory neutrophils Pus contains dead WBCs necrotic tissue and fluids

Which statement about stage 2 of the inflammatory response is correct?

Attraction

Which step of phagocytosis includes bringing the WBC into direct contact with the target?

Kinins Serotonin Histamine

Which substance is released in the first stage of inflammation?

Neutrophils and macrophages

Which two cells of the immune system engulf foreign cells through phagocytosis?

Neutrophils

Which type of WBC acts by limiting inflammation and may result in infection if the number of these cell decreases?

Cytotoxic T-cells

Which type of WBC is effective during a viral infection?

basophils

Which type of WBC is most involved in immunoglobulin E (IgE) presentation?

Eosinophils

Which white blood cell type does the nurse expect to be MOST active in a patient who presents to the ER with roundworm, a parasitic infestation?

Leukocytosis

increase in the number of white blood cells

otitis media

inflammation of the middle ear