info systems part 6

To add special multimedia effects and interactive capabilities to Web pages, programmers use all of the following scripting languages

- JavaScript -Perl -Rexx -Tcl

Popular database management systems include all of the following

-Access -Essbase -ObjectStore -Versant

All of the following are SQL keywords

-SELECT -WHERE -FROM -ORDER BY are used in statements to retrieve or modify data from a database. SELECT, WHERE, and FROM specify which data fields to retrieve. ORDER BY specifies how the data should be returned.

peer-to-peer architecture

-connects fewer than 10 computers as an inexpensive computing solution -stores files on each computer in the network -employs application software and a network operating system on each computer

Tools that a systems analyst uses for process modeling include all of the following

-entity-relationship diagrams -data flow diagrams -the project dictionary -sequence flow diagrams

Wireless transmission media used in communications include all of the following

-infrared -broadcast radio -cellular radio -microwaves

A GPS receiver is a handheld, mountable, or embedded device that can contain all of the following

-radio receiver -antenna -processor -screen display

_____ is a set of technologies from Microsoft that allows almost any type of program to run on the Internet or an internal business network.

.NET; is the latest suite of visual programming languages and RAD tools from Microsoft that assists programmers in developing programs for Windows or any operating system that supports Microsoft's .NET architecture.

An 8-bit video card (also called 8-bit color) uses 8 bits to store information about each pixel and thus can display _____ different colors.

256; An 8-bit video card has 28, or 256, possible color combinations.

A popular plug-in application that enables readers to view, navigate, and print files in Portable Document Format is __________.

Acrobat Reader;

____ processing implies that there is no interaction with the user while the program is being executed.

Batch; with this type of processing the computer collects data over time and processes all transactions later as a group.

The _____ standard defines how a Web server communicates with outside sources.

CGI (common gateway interface); is an interface to a Web server from a particular program. A CGI program typically takes data from a Web server and processes it.

_____ is the process of a computer receiving information, such as a Web page, from a server on the Internet.

Downloading; Depending on the Internet connection speed and amount of graphics, a Web page download can take from a few seconds to several minutes.

_____ is used primarily on mainframe computers and high-end servers.

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC); is an IBM coding scheme that has an 8-bit character set.

_____ is a common data type in databases that consists of Web addresses that link to a document or Web page.

Hyperlink data; stores Web addresses in a format that can be easily retrieved.

The banking industry almost exclusively uses ____ for check processing.

MICR (magnetic ink character recognition); devices read text printed with magnetized ink. The MICR characters preprinted on a check represent the bank routing number, the customer account number, and the check number.

Some users input music and other sound effects using external _____ devices such as an electronic piano keyboard.

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface); is the electronic music industry's standard that defines how devices represent sounds electronically.

_____ is a process designed to ensure the data within the relations (tables) in a relational database contains the least amount of duplication.

Normalization; usually involves dividing a database into two or more tables and then defining relationships among the tables. The goal is to isolate data so that modifications to a field can be made in just one table and then be propagated via the relationships.

_____ software enables users to convert an image from a fax modem to text and then edit it.

Optical character recognition (OCR); involves reading typewritten, computer-printed, or hand-printed characters from a document and translating the images into a form the computer can process.

____ software allows users to track, control, and manage the events, resources, and costs of a project.

Project management software; helps users track, control, and manage project variables, allowing them to complete a project on time and within budget.

_____ is free software that has been donated for public use and has no copyright restrictions.

Public-domain software; Anyone can copy or distribute public-domain software to others.

Microsoft ____ is an example of a personal DTP program.

Publisher; helps users create newsletters, brochures, advertisements, postcards, greeting cards, letterhead, business cards, banners, calendars, logos, and Web pages.

A _____ has pins on opposite sides of the circuit board that connect together to form one set of contacts.

SIMM (single inline memory module); A SIMM plugs into a computer memory expansion socket. It is easy to install and takes up minimal board surface.

_____ enables users to listen to music as it downloads to their computers.

Streaming audio; is the transfer of audio data in a continuous and even flow.

Bell Labs licensed _____ for a low fee to numerous colleges and universities, where the operating system obtained a wide following.

UNIX is a powerful, multitasking operating system that is now available for most computers of all sizes.

A Web page has a unique address, called a ____.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

A(n) _____ is a compiled program that runs on the client.

applet; runs within a client browser and adds multimedia effects and capabilities to Web pages.

A(n) _____ version is a test version of a system is not ready for release but is stable enough to be tested by end users.

beta; Beta versions must be more complete and less prone to failure than alpha versions. End users test beta versions by using them to do real work.

A program has its own documentation, called _____.

comments; are included within source code to make the code more intelligible and to document the purpose of the code. They are preceded with special characters to alert the compiler to ignore them.

A(n) _____ verifies that a required field contains data.

completeness check; is useful for verifying that a user has filled in all required fields in a data entry form.

system clock

controls the timing of all computer operations

A multidimensional database uses the idea of a ____ to represent the dimensions of data available to a user.

data cube; A multidimensional database can store more than two dimensions of data. The primary subject of a query is known as the measure attribute of the data cube, and the other dimensions are considered feature attributes.

In a computer processor, the control unit __________.

directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer

adware

displays an online advertisement in a banner or a pop-up window on Web pages, e-mail, or other Internet services

In object-oriented (OO) design, the concept of packaging data and procedures into a single object is called _____.

encapsulation; the user of an object can view the object as a black box that provides services.

A(n) _____ is an action to which an object-oriented program responds.

event; typically signifies an action by a user or the program itself. Object-oriented programs have "listener" objects that are notified when an event occurs.

A(n) _____ program interacts with a DBMS, which in turn interacts with the database.

front-end; an application is the client element of a client/server system and interacts directly with the user.

A _____ equals approximately 1 billion bytes.

gigabyte (GB); is exactly 1,073,741,824 bytes, but it is often rounded down to 1 billion bytes for simplicity.

mainframe architecture

handles resource requests from thousands of connected computers simultaneously

A major shortcoming of a ring network is that __________.

if a computer on the network fails, all the devices after the failed device cannot function

a major shortcoming of a star network is that

if the hub/switch fails, the entire network is inoperable until the device is repaired

The _____ is the most important data and information gathering technique for the system developer.

interview; allow the system developer to clarify responses and probe for feedback face to face.

antivirus program

is a hidden program that protects a computer against viruses found in memory, storage media, or incoming files

motherboard

is the main circuit board of the system unit

computer chip

is the surface upon which integrated circuits are etched

A major shortcoming of a mainframe network

it takes up a great deal of space and is very expensive to install

A _____ is a high-speed network that connects networks in an area such as a city or town and handles the bulk of communications activity across that region.

metropolitan area network (MAN); typically includes one or more LANs, but it covers a smaller geographic area than a WAN.

With ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), the same telephone line that could carry only one computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once through the same line, using a technique called _____.

multiplexing; ISDN provides faster transfer rates than dial-up telephone lines through multiplexing.

The machine language version that results from compiling a 3GL is called the _____.

object code or object program; The compiler converts the source code into object code and stores the object code on disk for later execution.

When a computer sends data over the Internet, the data is divided into small pieces called _____.

packets; contain the data, the recipient (destination), the origin (sender), and the sequence information used to reassemble the data at the destination.

Arithmetic Log Unit (ALU)

performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

With a _____, only one location in the company uses a new system, so it can be tested.

pilot conversion

Manufacturers often use _____ to represent the sharpness of an image on a display screen.

pixels per inch (PPI); The pixels per inch for a given picture resolution will differ based on the overall screen size since the same number of pixels are being spread out over a different space.

Client/server network architecture usually ___________.

provides several computers with data and resources from a single computer

A _____ identifies the product(s) a systems analyst wants from a vendor.

request for quotation (RFQ)

web filtering software

restricts access to certain material on the Web, usually without the user's knowledge

For small business and home networks, a ____ allows multiple computers to share a single high-speed Internet connection such as a cable modem or DSL modem.

router; is a communications device that connects multiple computers together and transmits data to its correct destination on the network.

Spyware in a computer __________.

secretly collects information about the user, often related to the person's Web-browsing habits

class diagrams

show objects and their relationships but not processes between objects in a system. Process modeling looks at system activities and dependencies between these activities.

A ____ is a thin desktop monitor that detaches from the computer to function as a portable wireless touch screen, which can access the computer remotely.

smart display; is to provide home users with the convenience of accessing their personal computers from anywhere in the house.

A _____ is a window on the screen that displays notes and drawings simultaneously on the screens of all participants in a video conference.

whiteboard; Participants can modify or highlight text, copy/paste text and pictures, and draw on a whiteboard at the same time. The contents of a whiteboard may be saved.

Compressed files are also called __________ files.

zipped