Infusion Therapy

renal, heart, edema

0.9% NS can give too much sodium and chloride in patients with comprimised _____ function, _____ failure, or _____.

hypertonic

3% NaCl is _______

NS, Ringer's, LR, D5W

4 most common isotonic solutions

An intravenous solution of lactated Ringers is prescribed to replace the T-tube output of a client who had a cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration. The nurse recalls that the condition that will improve if the administration of lactated Ringers solution is effective is

metabolic acidosis

hypotonic

0.45% NS is a _______ solution

replace fluid loss, maintain fluid balance, administer meds, replace blood, provide nutrients

5 purposes of parenteral fluid therapy

A client with a history of severe diarrhea for the past 3 days is admitted for dehydration. The nurse anticipates that which intravenous solution will be prescribed initially?

5% dextrose and NS

The nurse is caring for a client that has an implanted port and is receiving intravenous fluids. To decrease the risk of infection, the nurse should change the non-coring needle every

7 days

To ensure the safety of a client who is receiving a continuous intravenous normal saline infusion, the nurse should change the administration set every:

72 to 96 hours

ECF, hypovolemic

An isotonic solution expands the ______ and is used in ______ states.

transcellular fluid

CSF, pleural, peritoneal, and synovial fluid

A client, receiving a potassium infusion via a peripheral intravenous (IV) site, complains of burning sensation above the IV site. What should the nurse do first?

Check the IV access for a blood return

The nurse is preparing to insert an intravenous (IV) catheter in a client who is being admitted for uncontrolled diabetes. Upon assessment of the client's forearm for a potential insertion site, the nurse notes that the client has an excessive amount of hair. What should the nurse plan to do in order to properly prepare the site for insertion?

Clip the hair

coat

Colloid solutions ______ platelets to keep them from clotting.

hemorrhage, dehydration

Colloids are contraindicated in ________, thrombocytopenia, renal disease, and severe ______.

shock, pressure, output, BP

Colloids are used to treat hypovolemia in early ____ by increasing pulse ____, cardiac _____, and arterial ___.

A nurse assesses a client's intravenous site. What clinical finding, unique to infiltration, leads the nurse to conclude that the intravenous (IV) site has infiltrated, rather than become inflamed?

Coolness

hypotonic, water intoxication

D5W converts to a _____ solution as dextrose is metabolized by the body and can lead to ____ _______.

increased ICP

D5W is contraindicated in head trauma because it may cause

fluid loss, dehydration

D5W is isotonic in the bag and is used in the treatment of hypernatremia, ____ ____, and _____.

hyperglycemia

D5W shouldn't be used for fluid resuscitation because it can cause

dextran, albumin, blood

Examples of colloids

10%

Greater than _____ dextrose must be administered through a central line

decrease

Hypertonic solutions are used to increase ECF volume, and ______ cellular swelling

hypo

Hypertonic solutions may be used to treat severe ____natremia.

intravascular volume overload, edema

Hypertonic solutions must be given slowly because they can cause ______ _____ ____ and pulmonary _____.

cardiovascular, intercranial

Hypotonic solution can cause fluid shift from the vascular space into cells, causing ____ collapse and increased ______ pressure.

gastric

Hypotonic solution used to treat sodium and chloride depletion and _____ fluid loss.

LR

Isotonic solution used in dehydration, burns, blood loss, GI losses (diarrhea), and sodium depletion

hypovolemia, blood loss

LR can be used to treat _____, burns, and acute _____ ____ replacement.

K+, Ca+, lactate

LR has Na, Cl, __, __, and _____.

renal, K+

LR shouldn't be used in ____ failure because it has ___ and can cause hyperkalemia.

The health care provider has prescribed intravenous (IV) normal saline at 200 mL/hr and furosemide (Lasix) 120 mg orally stat for an 85-year-old client with a history of congestive heart failure. The best response is:

Question solution, the amount, and the dose of Lasix prescribed

0.9% NS

What is the only solution that can be given with blood products?

hypertonic

When hypotonic solution is mixed with 5% dextrose, it becomes slightly ______.

crystalloids

Which IV solution is most common

D5W

Which isotonic solution converts to a hypotonic solution once metabolized by the body

the ability to convert lactate into bicarb is impaired

Why should LR not be used in patients with lactic acidosis?

A nurse assesses a client's intravenous site. What clinical finding leads the nurse to conclude that the intravenous (IV) site has been infiltrated? Select all that apply.

coolness of skin near insertion site, swelling around the insertion site, cessation in flow of solution

The occurrence of which condition would warrant the nurse calling the primary health care provider to discontinue the intravenous (IV) fluids?

crackles in lungs

interstitial fluid

fluid between the blood vessels and cells

intravascular fluid

fluid in the blood vessels

What kind of solution is 5% dextrose in NS?

hypertonic

When administering albumin intravenously, the nurse considers that body water will shift from the

intracellular compartment to the intravascular compartment

second line

medications are usually administered through which IV line

A client is receiving intravenous heparin for treatment for a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). While completing the client's morning assessment, the nurse notes that the intravenous (IV) insertion site is cool to touch and the skin appears blanched. The nurse also notes there is <1 inch edema around the site. Based on the infiltration scale, how should the nurse properly document the infiltration?

one

A nurse recalls that the shift of body fluids associated with the intravenous administration of albumin occurs by the process of:

osmosis

A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving an intravenous (IV) infusion of normal saline. What is a serious complication of IV therapy?

shortness of breath with crackles

A client receiving 0.9% normal saline (NS) intravenously at keep vein open (KVO) complains of pain at the insertion site. The nurse notes that there is erythema and edema present at the access site. Based on the phlebitis scale, how should the nurse properly document the phlebitis?

two