Inquisitive Ch 14

During the Civil War, the Union and Confederacy rarely utilized propaganda through newspapers and mass marketing to mobilize public opinion

False

Grant's strategy of attrition worked brilliantly, as by the end of 1864 he captured Petersburg, Virginia, and forced the surrender of Robert E. Lee

False

The Battle of Appomattox Courthouse, or the last stand of the Army of Northern Virginia, was the bloodiest and most useless battle of the Civil War, as Richmond and most of the South were occupied by Union forces and defeat was obvious

False

As Union forces occupied large portions of slave territory in 1861 and 1862, thousands of slaves made their way to them

True

During the Civil War, the North went through a period of massive economic growth and expansion in comparison with economic stagnation and devastation in the South

True

In many books and films, Confederate forces are portrayed as superior in fighting ability and spirit to Union forces during the American Civil War. This is an unfair portrayal, as Confederate forces had a much simpler task than northern forces because they were on the strategic defensive and able to use interior lines of communications. Northern forces were on the strategic offensive, and their task was to invade and occupy an area the size of Europe

True

Just as in the North, war brought social and economic change to the Confederacy. Confederate soldiers and civilians alike became disaffected by the draft and the exemption of one white male for every twenty slaves. This meant that many slaveowners and overseers did not have to serve in the war to defend slavery from northern aggression.

True

The Battle of Chancellorsville in April 1863 was a brilliant victory for Lee in central Virginia, as he was outnumbered by General Joseph Hooker's Army of the Potomac two to one

True

Was this man correct? Did the Confederate army have difficulty with desertion as the war progressed?

Yes. Over 100,000 men, one-nith of the entire Confederate Army,deserted by the war's end

Grant's strategy for defeating Robert E. Lee was a war of attrition based on the realization that Union resources in equipment and men far outstripped those of the Confederacy. Part of this strategy was to maintain a constant offensive against Lee to drain his resources and keep the initiative in the Union's favor. Because of this, what did Grant eventually become known as by critics, and even some admirers?

butcher of men

Identify the statements that accurately describe the secession of the southern states and the creation of the Confederate States of America

correct answers: -North Carolina was the last Confederate state to secede from the Union -Louisiana seceded before the fall of Fort Sumter

Grant's strategy of attrition worked brilliantly, as by the end of 1864 he captured Petersburg, Virginia, and forced the surrender of Robert E. Lee.

false

Identify the outcomes of the following major Civil War battles

stunning defeat of General Joseph Hooker's Army of the Potomac in May 1863 -Battle of Chancellorsville resulted in control of the Mississippi River for the Union in July 1863 -Battle of Vicksburg the largest battle in the history of North America in July 1863 -Battle of Gettysburg

Why did Abraham Lincoln wait until after the Battle of Antietam to announce his Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation?

- Secretary of State William Seward thought that Lincoln should wait for a victory, lest emancipation be seen as a desperate act of a losing nation.

What does this image reveal about social and economic changes that occurred during the Civil War?

-Both men and women worked in the factories of the North, performing essential war work

During the Civil War, Christianity and patriotism were joined in a civic religion unprecedented in American history. How did the war transform American religious and political life?

correct answers: -People turned to religion and spiritualism to cope with the unprecedented number of deaths -Many clergy in the North professed that the war was God's instrument to rid the nation of slavery and turn it into the true land of freedom.

Identify the statement that most accurately reflects how Frederick Douglass describes what the conflict is about for black Americans and why they should join fight.

-The war, for Douglass, is for the "perpetual enslavement of colored men." If that is the case, then it is logical for men of color to help fight it

General Ulysses S. Grant was promoted and brought east in 1864 to achieve the final defeat of Robert E. Lee and the Confederacy. Identify the concept on which Grant's strategy to finally defeat the Confederacy and Lee was based

-attrition

Fill in the blanks to complete this passage describing the significance of the Sea Islands during the Civil War

1. Gideon's Band 2. Education 3. Charlotte Forten

Put the following battles in chronological order to show the progression of the Civil War

1.the Battle of Bull Run 2.the Seven Days' Campaign 3.the second Battle of Bull run 4.the Battle of Antietam

What does this map reveal about the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Correct Answers: -The Emancipation Proclamation did not apply to Missouri -Louisiana was split between territory exempt from and subject to the Emancipation Proclamation.

The intense new nationalism in the North made criticism of the war effort and the Lincoln administration tantamount to treason to many northerners. Identify the statements that accurately describe wartime dissent under the Lincoln administration.

Correct answers: -Arbitrary arrests for dissenting views numbered in the thousands during the war, and they included opposition newspaper editors, Democratic politicians, and simple ordinary civilians -The Constitution was murky on addressing who held the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus, and so Lincoln claimed that right under the presidential war powers and suspended it twice for those accused of "disloyal activities."

The most radical implication of the Emancipation Proclamation was the enrollment of blacks into military service in the Union army. Identify the statements that describe the military contributions to the Union cause during the Civil War

Correct answers: -By the end of the Civil War, over 180,000 black men had served in the Union army and 24,000 in the Union navy -Initially, the Union army refused to accept northern black volunteers

Identify the statements that point to the differences between the European and American experience of nation building in the nineteenth century

Correct answers: -European nations were being built on the idea of unifying a people of the same ethnic, cultural, and linguistic group into a unified nation -Lincoln believed that the United States as a nation was embodied in a particular set of universal ideals.

As in the North, Confederate women found themselves drawn into many spheres of life normally reserved for men. How did Confederate women respond to the hardships of war?

Correct answers: -Eventually, women's morale collapsed, which led to a general collapse of morale both at home and in the Confederate armies -Initially, as in the North, women worked in factories and businesses, ran plantations, and attempted to farm with some enthusiasm

The Thirteenth Amendment was approved by Congress on January 31, 1865. What did the amendment accomplish?

Correct answers: -For the first time, the word "slavery" appeared in the Constitution -It abolished slavery throughout the entire Union.

Union forces in the Western Theater met great success in the first two years of the war, arguably fatally crippling the Confederacy in the process. Who are the two major military figures that brought Union victory in the West during the first two years of the war?

Correct answers: -General Ulysses S. Grant -Admiral David G. Farragut

April 1865 witnessed some of the most momentous events in American history. Which of the following events occurred that month?

Correct answers: -Grant finally broke the siege lines at Petersburg, forcing the retreat and abandonment of Richmond by the Army of Northern Virginia -Abraham Lincoln became the first president of the United States to be assassinated.

In the Western Theater of operations, Ulysses S. Grant laid siege to the city of Vicksburg, and it fell on July 4, 1863. What did Grant accomplish with this victory?

Correct answers: -It gave Union forces complete control of the Mississippi, cutting the Confederacy in two -Approximately 30,000 Confederate troops under the command of General John C. Pemberton surrendered to Grant, which was a loss the Confederacy couldn't afford.

In 1863, Lincoln announced his Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction for occupied Louisiana and other areas of the Confederacy occupied by Union forces. The plan proved controversial. Identify the statements that accurately describe Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction

Correct answers: -Lincoln essentially offered amnesty and full restoration rights, including property (except slaves), to nearly all white southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the Union and supported emancipation -Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan offered no role to blacks in shaping the post-slavery order. This led to free blacks pushing for equality before the law and a role in government.

Initially, as Union forces moved into Confederate territory, escaped slaves were returned to their owners in a policy to show southerners that the federal government had no intention of interfering with slavery. Yet this policy changed as the war progressed. Eventually, escaped slaves were welcomed into Union lines. Identify the reasons for the change in escaped slaves' status by Union forces

Correct answers: -Long before Lincoln called for emancipation, blacks in the North and South referred to the war as the "freedom war." This undermined the institution throughout the South and led to mass exoduses to Union lines -The Confederacy set slaves to work as military laborers, and so increasingly more blacks were escaping to northern lines.

The Civil War laid the foundation for modern America. In fighting the war, both the North and the South lost something they had gone to war to defend. Identify what each side had to sacrifice

Correct answers: -Northern capital dominated American politics, but in gaining that lead, it both weakened free-labor and transformed the small shop and independent farm into powerful industrial giants -The South lost slavery, economic power, and southern dominance of American politics

In November 1864, Sherman and his army of 60,000 set out from Atlanta on their March to the Sea. Which of the following statements describe the events of the March to the Sea and Sherman's subsequent military actions?

Correct answers: -Sherman's army cut a 60-mile-wide swath of destruction through the heart of Georgia, destroying anything that could be considered war material -In January 1865, Sherman marched into South Carolina, causing even more destruction than he had in Georgia.

Identify the causes of economic hardship and disaffection among the population of the Confederate States of America that undermined the war effort

Correct answers: -The Confederate Congress authorized the army to confiscate what it needed from farmers to supply itself -The government of the Confederacy was unwilling to tax the wealthy planting class that could pay for the war.

The Homestead Act was passed by Congress to increase agricultural output in the United States. Identify the statements that accurately describe the Homestead Act

Correct answers: -The Homestead Act went into effect the very same day as the Emancipation Proclamation -Some 400,000 families accepted land under the Homestead Act.

One little-known aspect of the Civil War was the Union's continuing wars against the Native Americans in the West. Identify the statements that accurately describe Native Americans and the Union in the West during the Civil War

Correct answers: -The Navajo's Long Walk was the Navajo people's forced removal from the their ancestral lands by the U.S. army -The Cherokee, forced to Oklahoma by the Indian Removal Act, still owned slaves and sided with the Confederacy at the time of the Civil War -The U.S. Army attacked the Kiowas and Comanches in the Southwest in retaliation for raids on settlements and ranches.

The Wade-Davis Bill was an unsuccessful bill named after two leading Republican members of Congress unhappy with Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction. Which of the following were provisions of the Wade-Davis Bill?

Correct answers: -The bill required a majority, not 10 percent, of white male southerners to pledge support for the Union before Reconstruction commenced -The Bill passed Congress but was dead when Lincoln refused to sign it -The Wade-Davis Bill called for equality for blacks before the law.

The Civil War was not the first war in which modern weaponry and technology was used to affect the outcome on the battlefield. That distinction belongs to the Crimean War (1854-56). What new technologies were revolutionizing warfare in the 1860s?

Correct answers: -The mass-produced rifled musket allowed for greater accuracy -The telegraph was used to command and control a vast area of operations -Ironclad warships participated in direct combat with one another

The transcontinental railroad was first proposed by Asa Whitney in 1846 and was quickly called "too gigantic" and "entirely impracticable" by Congress. Yet the railroad was built by 1869 and transformed the United States. Which of the following statements concerning the transcontinental railroad are true?

Correct answers: -The transcontinental railroad shortened travel across the continent from an average five to six months to five or six days -Congress gave 100 million acres of land to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads -The construction of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads eventually employed 20,000 workers.

As a quick and conventional military victory eluded Union armies, Radical Republicans moved the nation closer to the idea of total emancipation as an economic means to hurt the Confederacy. Identify the steps taken by the Union against slavery before total emancipation

Correct answers: -a March 1862 prohibition by Congress on the Union army from returning fugitive slaves -abolition in the District of Columbia and the territories -the Second Confiscation Act

Confederate authorities eventually became so desperate to make up for manpower shortages that they made it legal to arm slaves and offer them their freedom in exchange for enlisting and defending the Confederacy. The measure became law in March 1865

True