INQUIZITIVE; Chapter 05

Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown ended the American Revolution, and the Treaty of Paris was signed on the spot.

False

Identify the arguments and sentiments of Thomas Paine in his pamphlet Common Sense.

Being a part of the British empire unnecessarily involved the colonies in global wars. Britain had stunted the economic growth of the colonies.

By the time the Second Continental Congress convened, North American colonies were involved in an unofficial conflict that verged upon full-scale war.

True

This bureau was responsible for the elimination of smuggling in colonial America.

the board of customs commissioners

Identify why George Washington was selected to lead the Continental army.

He had gained extensive experience in combat operations during the French and Indian War. He was from the colony of Virginia.

Identify the actions taken by the First Continental Congress.

It established the Continental Association. It authorized the creation of Committees of Safety.

Identify how Parliament responded to the Boston Tea Party.

It passed the Intolerable Acts. It closed the port of Boston.

The Stamp Act crisis was not the only example of social turmoil during the 1760s. Identify the statements that describe the Regulator movement.

Regulators' grievances often revolved around competing claims of land ownership. Regulators often included a class-based element of the have-nots resisting the power of local elites.

What advantages did the British empire have in the war against American independence?

a large faction of Loyalist colonists who opposed the Revolution a strong and well-equipped army and navy experienced military commanders

What does Paine see as the global significance of the American struggle for independence?

support for the struggle for "asylum for mankind" and the freedom around the world.

Identify the statements that describe the Battle of Saratoga and the outcomes it had on the rest of the war.

A lack of British military coordination played a major role in the outcome. The American victory helped to persuade European powers to enter into the conflict.

Identify the statements that describe the Townshend Acts of 1767.

A portion of the funds generated was allocated to paying the colonial governors' salaries. They were a set of trade regulations.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage that describes a major conflict within the British empire during this time period. One major problem within the British empire was that British leadership considered the empire to be a system of unequal parts under Parliament's command, and colonists considered themselves as citizens with the rights to govern themselves.

British leadership, unequal, citizens

Samuel Seabury was a prominent and outspoken pamphleteer in the years before the American Revolution. Which of the following statements about him are correct?

describes Seabury: -the United States' first Episcopal bishop - a Loyalist who opposed war with Britain does not describe Seabury: - an outspoken supporter of the Continental Congress - a populist who trusted in the political wisdom of working people

Watch the following video in which author Eric Foner discusses "British liberty." Then, fill in the blanks to complete the following passage. A concept critical to political thought in the eighteenth century, "British liberty" encompassed ideas of individual rights and rule of law alongside ideas of limited executive power. British liberty was a parochial concept, understood to apply specifically to British people, not to people from continental Europe or Africa.

eighteenth, rule of law, limited

An American victory in the Revolutionary War meant that the troops would have to stop all British offensives and continually crush their British opponents on the battlefield.

False

Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown ended the American Revolution, and the Treaty of Paris was signed immediately afterward.

False

Proponents of "no taxation without representation" claimed that although trade regulation was a legal means for Parliament to raise revenue, direct internal taxes like the Stamp Act were an illegitimate extension of parliamentary power.

False

Proponents of "no taxation without representation" claimed that although trade regulation was a legal means for Parliament to raise revenue, direct internal taxes such as the Stamp Act were an illegitimate extension of parliamentary power.

False

Writs of assistance were legal decrees issued by Parliament to help royal governors work more effectively with their colonial legislatures by granting the governors more power.

False

The Battle of Saratoga in 1777 helped to persuade France and Spain to support America's pursuit of independence from Britain. Identify each of the following reasons as either a French or Spanish reason for supporting the United States in the War of Independence.

French reason for supporting American independence: - sought to weaken British influence in the West Indies - sought retribution for defeat in the Seven Years' War Spanish reason for supporting American independence: - wished to regain control of Florida

Identify the statements that describe the Stamp Act.

It represented the first time that Parliament placed a direct tax on the colonists. It was universally despised by colonists, regardless of their class, region, or occupation.

Identify the reasons why this engraving of the Boston Massacre by Paul Revere was significant.

It was the most effective piece of propaganda created during the revolutionary period. The image was created to stir up colonist resistance to British presence in the colonies.

Identify the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1783) that ended the Revolutionary War.

Loyalists were to be compensated by the United States for their losses. The United States' western border became the Mississippi River.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing how colonial leaders responded to the idea of independence. The intensity of feelings for independence among the upper colonial class varied regionally. In Massachusetts and Virginia, the elites pressed very strongly for independence since their hold on local power was secure. In contrast, in places such as Pennsylvania and New York, which were more diverse, there were fears that movements for equality could go too far, so feelings for independence were not as strong.

Massachusetts and Virginia, Pennsylvania and New York

Identify the statements that describe the concept of American exceptionalism.

The United States has a special purpose in the world. It is central to the concept of American self-identity.

Identify the statements that describe the Boston Massacre.

The crowd of colonials actually instigated the conflict. Bostonian resentment of British soldiers increased because the soldiers often took jobs away from colonists.

What does this map reveal about the Revolutionary War in the North?

The majority of American victories took place inland, away from the coast. The British launched a significant number of troops from Canada.

What would a map reveal about the Revolutionary War in the North?

The majority of American victories took place inland, away from the coast. The British launched a significant number of troops from Canada.

Identify the advantages that the colonial rebels had in their fight for independence.

They had a greater degree of motivation than their British counterparts. Their capabilities were underestimated by the British. They enjoyed support from allies.

This engraving, Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man, shows colonists pouring tea down the throat of a tax collector. Identify how the following groups and individuals would react to the image.

This group of individuals would have been angered by the images, as the victim is a royal tax official who would have shared similar views and opinions and also have been appointed by the crown: - royal governors This group would not have seen this image as a rallying cry, as its movement was a backcountry phenomenon that was focused on issues of landownership and competing local political influences, not imperial taxation: -Carolina Regulators Members of this group would have been encouraged by the image, as they organized working-class colonists to fight British taxation: - the Sons of Liberty

As a result of the Townshend Duties, colonists reduced their reliance on British goods, specifically through the homespun efforts of the Daughters of Liberty.

True

By late 1778, the British sought to change their tactics by moving their efforts to the South in order to gain support from the Loyalists there, as well as encourage divisions between small farmers and wealthy planters that would ultimately support their cause.

True

Due to the increases in debts and new territories generated by the Seven Years' War, Britain sought to have colonists share in the costs of running the empire. This led many colonists to conclude that being part of the British Empire represented a threat to their personal freedoms.

True

One major problem within the British empire was that the leadership considered the empire to be a system of unequal parts under Parliament's command, and colonists considered themselves as citizens with the rights to govern themselves.

True

Part of Britain's motivation for passing the Quebec Act was to offer religious protection to the recently conquered French Canadian inhabitants as a trade-off for gaining their loyalty on political questions of governance and rule.

True

The impact of the Declaration of Independence has extended far beyond the geographic boundaries of the country. Virtually every nation seeking independence from colonial rule since 1776 has modeled, or borrowed heavily from, the philosophical principles laid out in Jefferson's document to make its case for freedom and liberty in its own context.

True

The intensity of feelings for independence among the upper colonial class varied regionally. In Massachusetts and Virginia, the elites pressed very strongly for independence since their hold on local power was secure. In contrast, in places like Pennsylvania and New York, which were more diverse, there were fears that movements for equality could go too far, so feelings for independence were not as strong.

True

When referring to certain rights as "unalienable" in the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was essentially indicating that these rights were impossible to take away.

True

Colonists of many different social backgrounds responded to new British trade restrictions with a wide-ranging boycott movement. Fill in the blanks below to describe those movements. The movement to replace British imports with domestically produced goods was described as homespun virtue. Women who spun and wove goods at home became known as Daughters of Liberty. Colonial leaders in Virginia even briefly moved to ban the importation of slaves, but this ban was undermined by smaller planters away from the coast, who ignored it.

homespun virtue, Daughters of Liberty, slaves

What form did Parliamentary regulation of the colonies take prior to 1763?

laws that required colonial goods to be shipped to England rules that prevented the colonial manufacturing of goods that could be made in Britain laws that forbade colonial printing of paper currency

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing colonists' reactions to the Townshend duties. As a result of the Townshend duties, colonists reduced their reliance on British goods, specifically through the homespun efforts of the Daughters of Liberty.

reduced, homespun, Daughters of Liberty

As representatives of the crown, these individuals would have been either uncomfortable with or in outright opposition to colonial resistance.

royal governors

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing British tactics during the Revolutionary War. By late 1778, the British sought to change their tactics by moving their efforts to the South in order to gain support from the Loyalists there, as well as encourage divisions between small farmers and wealthy planters that would ultimately support their cause.

south, loyalists, small farmers

Read the passage below from Thomas Paine's Common Sense (1776). What does Paine see as the global significance of the American struggle for independence?

support for the struggle for "asylum for mankind" and freedom around the world

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the Tea Act. Because of a surplus of tea, Britain passed the Tea Act, which reduced the price of tea in the colonies, and simultaneously included a tax to pay for the costs of colonial government, which threatened the power of colonial assemblies.

surplus, reduced, government

What is the theory of virtual representation?

the idea that the colonies were represented indirectly by Parliament as a whole.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the Sweets of Liberty. As time went on, Americans came to believe that their struggle was for universal rights, which were derived from the laws of nature, not as the gift of their chief magistrate. While Americans still revered the king, they demanded that the empire be seen as a collection of equal parts held together by loyalty to a constitutional monarch, not a system in which one part ruled over the other.

universal rights, nature, a constitutional monarch

These people produced many of the goods that were being boycotted, so they stood to reap profits if the boycott effectively eliminated English goods from the marketplace.

urban craftsmen

Why was George Washington ultimately successful in leading the Continental army?

He employed surprise attacks on key targets. He avoided direct confrontations with British regulars.

After the Seven Years' War, colonists and the British government found themselves in a cycle of legislative crackdown followed by political rebellion. Place the following events from this time period in chronological order.

01 British government imposes the Townshend Acts, placing new taxes on imports and creating new antismuggling mechanisms. 02 Confrontation between British troops and an angry crowd leaves five colonists dead. 03 The British government offers rebates ad subsidies to the East India Company, flooding colonial markets with Chinese tea at the expense of local merchants and importers. 04 The British government, seeking to demonstrate its authority, authorizes the lodging of British soldiers in colonial homes.

As a global superpower, Britain was thought to have the advantage in the early years of the Revolutionary War. Nevertheless, both sides claimed victories in early battles that took place in New England and the middle states. Apply the following labels to the map below to identify American and British victories.

American Victory: - Trenton (Dec, 1776) - Saratoga (Oct, 1777) British Victory: - Bunker Hill (June, 1775)

Using the information provided by the maps below, which depict the Revolutionary War in the South, New England, and the middle states, categorize the following battles as either British victories or American victories.

American victory: - Yorktown - Saratoga - Trenton British victory: - Bunker Hill - Charleston - New York City

Match each of the following groups with their role in or response to the nonimportation and boycott activities in colonial America.

As representatives of the crown, these individuals would have been either uncomfortable with or in outright opposition to colonial resistance: royal governors This bureau was responsible for the elimination of smuggling in colonial America: the board of customs commissioners Although as colonials these individuals did have an interest in nonimportation, their main priorities revolved around disputes over land titles and legal claims.: backcountry farmers These people produced many of the goods that were being boycotted, so they stood to reap profits if the boycott effectively eliminated English goods from the marketplace. :urban craftsmen

Identify the statements that describe the repeal of the Stamp Act.

Colonial boycotts of British goods played a major role in bringing about its repeal. At the same times that the Stamp Act was being repealed, the Declaratory Act was created, which empowered Parliament to make all laws for the colonies. The Sons of Liberty played a key role in the repeal of the Stamp Act.

At the end of the Seven Years' War, the British government was determined to exert control over the economies of its North American colonies. Match each new rule with the act of Parliament that introduced it.

Sugar Act: - reduced the tax on molasses imported from the French West Indies by half - cracked down on smuggling by colonial merchants Currency Act: - reiterated earlier ban on colonies issuing their own currencies Revenue Act: - "enumerated" goods so that colonists could no longer trade them directly with Holland and France

Although as colonials these individuals did have an interest in nonimportation, their main priorities revolved around disputes over land titles and legal claims.

backcountry farmers

Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence describing the Committee of Correspondence and Sons of Liberty. The Committee of Correspondence was made up of members of the colonial elite and was devoted to networking and organizing, whereas the Sons of Liberty drew their membership predominantly from the colonial working classes and prioritized direct action and intimidation.

colonial elite, networking and organizing, colonial working classes, direct action and intimidation

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the Committees of Safety. The Committees of Safety were significant because they gave common people the experience and informal training necessary to enforce boycotts against the British and to begin to exercise local political power.

common people, boycotts, British

What was the greatest challenge Washington and the Continental army faced prior to the Battle of Trenton?

demoralization and desertion