INQUIZITIVE; Chapter 06

Historians use the term "republican motherhood" to describe beliefs about women and femininity in the revolutionary period. Identify the characteristics of republican motherhood.

"Family" came to be associated with parents and children; older definitions which included indentured servants and enslaved persons went out of style. Women were to be educated so that they would raise their children—especially their sons—with republican values. Marriage was increasingly identified as "companionate," or based on an idea of affection and teamwork.

Which characteristics of colonial America made the region uniquely suited for the development of democratic ideals?

Individual landownership in the colonies was widespread. There wasn't a centrally established religion in the colonies.

Identify the radically democratic elements of the Pennsylvania constitution of 1776.

The abolition of property requirements for suffrage. The establishment of a one - house legislature. The abolition of the governor's office.

How did the Revolution affect religious freedom?

There was a clear separation of church and state. The Constitution didn't include any religious requirements for voting or holding office. It expanded religious freedom, with some states passing laws for religious tolerance.

During the Revolutionary War, Loyalists were a minority among the colonists. Identify the statements that describe the treatment of Loyalists after the Revolution.

They were temporarily denied the right to vote. Their speech rights were suppressed.

Identify the term used by early Americans to describe the ideal proclaiming that women played a vital role in society by raising and training the future leaders and citizens of the Republic.

republican motherhood

Read the following excerpt from the March 31, 1776 letter from Abigail Adams to John Adams. Identify the statements that are correct.

Abigail asks John to build legal protections for women into laws of the new republic. Abigail appeals to Enlightenment - era values such as reason and the pursuit of happiness to make her point to John. Abigail promotes the concept of companionate marriage.

Read the excerpt from Abigail Adams's letter to John Adams, Braintree, Mass. (March 31, 1776). Which of the following statements are true regarding Abigail Adams's message to her husband?

Abigail Adams suggests that women will not obey a new Code of Laws that does not give women fair representation. Abigail Adams asked her husband to ensure women were protected under the new laws.

The Revolutionary War is often thought of as a conflict between Great Britain and one of its colonies. Identify some other perspectives that can help us better understand the conflict.

The Revolutionary War was a borderlands conflict because it resulted in new geographies, national and cultural identity. The Revolutionary War was an international conflict because it involved France and native nations in addition to Great Britain and its colony. The Revolutionary War was a civil war, in a sense, because it pitted neighbor against neighbor.

Identify the statements that describe why indentured servitude declined after the American Revolution.

The concept of servitude ran counter to the ideals of republican citizenship. Many indentured servants fled their masters amid the instability of the war. Increased numbers of non - indentured immigrants from Europe joined indentured servants outliving their terms of required labor.

What were some of the biggest obstacles to the enactment of widespread abolition during the early years of the republic?

The founders' attachment to the importance of property rights of citizens made abolition problematic. Much of the resistance to abolition originated in the fact that slavery remained a pathway for many white Americans to achieve prosperity and social mobility.

Identify the statements that describe the ideas Adam Smith expressed in The Wealth of Nations, published in 1776.

The natural laws of supply and demand should regulate market prices. The "invisible hand" was an organic governing principle that maintained economic stability.

The American Revolution could also be considered to be a civil war, as neighbors were on opposite sides of the war.

True

By disestablishing their churches in the Revolutionary era, the states of the new nation reinforced the relationship between government and faith.

false

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage. In Britain and its colonies, as well as the rest of the Western world, social hierarchy and deference to authority were considered necessary for society to work. The American Revolution would challenge this tradition by redefining notions of liberty and social standing.

social hierarchy and deference to authority, challenge

As it pertained to Native Americans, the Revolutionary War was a conflict punctuated by atrocity.

true

The painting Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences (1792) by Samuel Jennings is one of the few images from this time in which liberty is shown being granted to enslaved persons. Analyze the painting below, and then match the following meanings to the appropriate symbol in the painting. Note that some labels may apply to more than one symbol in the painting. 1 - pathways to learning as free men and women 2 - newfound freedom 3 - Liberty personified

1: books and globe 2: chains below the white woman and the people in the background 3: the white woman

Match the trailblazer from this period with his or her correct description. A - Joseph Brant B - Hannah Snell C - Lemuel Haynes D - Mercy Otis Warren E - Phillis Wheatley

A = This young Mohawk hoped to create an Indian Confederacy between the new United States and Canada. B = This woman joined the British army in 1745 disguised as a man; later she was awarded a soldier's pension. C = This veteran of the Massachusetts militia and noted preacher was an early proponent of extending freedom and equality to people of African heritage. D = This woman established the Boston Committee of Correspondence, proving that women could participate in intellectual discussion. E = The poetic talents of this woman challenged Americans' idea that black persons were devoid of intellectual ability.

Identify the statements that were true of democracy in the eighteenth-century context.

Democracy was feared by some leaders who associated it with mob rule. Democracy meant, in general, that government should serve the needs of the people as a whole, not just moneyed elite. Democracy had several meanings, some from ancient texts.

The distinction between the northern economy and southern economy declined with the disappearance of indentured servitude from the United States.

False

Identify why Jefferson's assertion in the Declaration of Independence that "all men are created equal" was viewed as a radical principle.

In Britain and in the colonies, the conventional belief was that well - ordered society depended on obedience to authority. It implied that liberties were entitlements (rights people are entitled to by virtue of being born), rather than privileges earned through social status, familial ties, wealth, or property ownership.

Identify the statements that describe Loyalists in the American South.

In the American South, divisions between Loyalists and patriots tended to take on a class-based dynamic. Loyalists were joined by numerous slaves in siding with the crown.

In which of the following ways were Native Americans affected by the American Revolution?

Indians who helped the British forces were abandoned after the war, and their land holdings were not recognized by the Treaty of Paris. After learning the American concept of "liberty", several Native American groups sought "freedom" for themselves from state governments. Americans were encouraged by their military success in the Revolution to continue their expansion westward. New state governments forced Native American groups to cede lands.

How did the Revolution affect religious freedom according to Dr. Foner?

It expanded religious freedom, with some states passing laws for religious tolerance. There was a clear separation of church and state. The Constitution did not include any religious requirements for voting or holding office.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the shifting relationships in North America after the Revolution. By the conclusion of the Revolutionary War, the balance of power in North America had shifted away from the Native Americans and toward white Americans. British power continued on in Canada, but the French were wholly absent as a regional force, so Native Americans could no longer negotiate between the great powers.

Native Americans, Canada, French

Prior to the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, which colonies had outlawed slavery?

None; it remained legal in all colonies

The pool of free labor grew during the post-Revolutionary period. Identify the reasons for this growth.

Servants and apprentices took advantage of the chaos of the Revolution to run away from their masters. Revolutionary ideas about freedom in the new republic made apprenticeship and indenture seem oppressive and old-fashioned. Indentured servants who outlived their indentures joined the free labor market.

Identify the statements that were true of slavery—both the concept and the practice—in the post-revolutionary period.

Some members of the founding generation argued that liberty for whites was possible only because of the enslavement of blacks. Most founders owned slaves, even though they promoted the concept of liberty and equality as natural entitlements. Many ex-slaves began life anew as free persons in Nova Scotia and England. Revolutionaries used the word "slavery" to describe the denial of personal and political rights by a tyrannical government.

Review the following video with author Eric Foner. In what ways did the expansion of the definition of liberty and the proliferation of democratic practices change religious practice in the early United States?

The disestablishment of state - sponsored churches allowed for the proliferation of religious denominations. Democratic liberty challenged the traditional authority of some religious traditions.

Identify the statements that describe the ideas Adam Smith expressed in The Wealth of Nations.

The natural laws of supply and demand should regulate market prices. The "invisible hand" was an organic governing principle that maintained economic stability.

Read the following excerpt from the 1773 and 1777 Petitions of Slaves to the Massachusetts Legislature. Identify the statements that are correct.

The petitioners describe themselves as having lived in civilized conditions in Africa. The petitioners refer to the natural rights endowed by God mentioned in the Declaration of Independence. The petitioners question the Christian practices of slaveowners who treat them poorly.

Identify the statements that describe free black communities in the post-revolutionary period.

They offered aid and comfort to escaping slaves. They challenged the logic and consistency of slavery in a democratic republic.

Identify the statements that describe how women contributed to the Revolutionary movement.

They worked as spies. They engaged in fund-raising for the patriot cause.

As religious beliefs moved from the public sphere into the private sphere of American life, the transition had the potential to allow faith to expand, but also to undermine church authority.

True

In Revolutionary and post-Revolutionary America, men's roles were viewed as natural entitlements, while women's roles emphasized duty and obligation. In fact, the concept of women as citizens was largely rejected by American society at the time.

True

What does Abigail Adams have in mind when she refers to the "unlimited power" husbands exercise over their wives?

Women were expected to be subservient to their husbands and also had limited legal rights, so Abigail Adams was asking her husband to ensure women were protected under the new laws.

Prior to the Revolution, a family in America consisted only of parents and children. But, due to the democratizing influences of the Revolution, the definition of family expanded to include one's slaves, indentured servants, and farm laborers in the postwar period.

false

The distinction between slavery and freedom declined with the disappearance of indentured servitude from the United States.

false

Through the colonial, and later post-colonial periods, Pennsylvania was one of the most ardent supporters of slavery.

false

To most free Americans in the post-colonial period, "equality" meant that society should be structured in such a way so as to provide the highest standard of living to all Americans.

false

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing gender equality in the revolutionary period. In revolutionary and post-revolutionary America, men's roles were viewed as natural entitlements, whereas women's roles emphasized duty and obligation. In fact, the concept of women as citizens was largely rejected by American society at the time.

natural entitlements, duty and obligation, rejected

On which of the following events did the American Revolution and its success have an important ideological and political influence?

the French Revolution Latin American wars for independence in the early nineteenth century.

Identify the provisions that formed part of the new Pennsylvania constitution adopted in 1776.

the abolition of the governor's office. the establishment of a one-house legislature.

Identity the statements that describe the Loyalists in colonial America in general.

they took up arms in defense of the empire against the Revolution. They came from all classes of American life.

As the founders saw it, freedom in a republic was so closely tied to the virtue of its citizens, that many leaders of the Revolution felt the need to establish public schools so every citizen could be prepared to vote and govern.

true

In the new United States, due to the presence of inexpensive land and the large population of farmers and laborers, opportunities for liberty and equality to flourish seemed more accessible.

true