INQUIZITIVE; Chapter 28
Although being a proponent of market fundamentalism since the 1980s, Alan Greenspan used artificially low interest rates and permitted securities firms to regulate themselves, both of which were significant factors in allowing corporations to use investment laws to benefit their companies and executives while draining the American public.
market fundamentalism low securities
Using the map of U.S. involvement in the Middle East since World War II, match the following countries with their role in American incursions into the region.
remains a strategic part of the Middle East with its ability to restrict access to both the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea Correct label: Egypt contains the most American military bases in the region Correct label: Saudi Arabia contains the most territory controlled by ISIS Correct label: Syria
Using these "Portrait of a Recession" graphs, what conclusions can be drawn about the impact of the Great Recession?
rose Correct label: - unemployment dropped Correct label: - housing starts - consumer confidence - industrial production - retail sales
At the outset of the Great Recession during the second Bush administration, many sectors of the economy contracted. Which of the following industries, after overexpansion in the 1990s, reduced its employment of American workers?
textile firms computer software programmers
Two weeks after the events of September 11, 2001, President Bush gave a speech outlining his policy elements of the war on terror. Match each element with its appropriate descriptor.
the United States' war in Afghanistan Enduring Freedom preemptive strikes against vaguely defined enemies with no timetable for victory the Bush Doctrine "Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists." war on terror
Like the business scandals of the 1920s, those of the Bush era damaged confidence in the ethics of corporate leaders. What striking parallels existed between these decades separated by eighty years?
the get-rich-quick ethos of businesses the passion for deregulation by the government
Like the scandals of the 1920s, those of the Bush era damaged confidence in the ethics of corporate leaders. What striking parallels existed between these decades separated by eighty years?
the get-rich-quick ethos of businesses the passion for deregulation by the government
Which of the following economic factors contributed to the housing bubble at the root of the 2008 recession?
unprecedentedly low interest rates consumer indebtedness caused by increased spending and borrowing unregulated banking practices including the sale of faulty new financial products banks and lending institutions issuing more subprime mortgages
By the middle of 2008, when the median family income was around $50,000, the average American family owed an $84,000 home mortgage, $14,000 in auto and student loans, $8,500 to credit card companies, and $10,000 in home equity loans. What effect did this amount of borrowing have on the country?
Eventually many Americans defaulted on their loans and banks found themselves holding billions of dollars of worthless ivestments.
President Harry S. Truman had promised a national health-care plan in the 1940s. When Bill Clinton was president, he tried to resurrect Truman's plan, but lost support. President Obama also made the topic one of his campaign promises and aroused strong partisan opposition. Claiming that it amounted to a "government takeover" of the health-care industry, every Democrat in Congress voted against the bill. T or F?
False
The Tea Party, named after the assemblage of characters at the Mad Hatter's tea party in Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland, was a group of frustrated Republicans who opposed Obama's policies. T or F?
False
All wars create the problem of striking a balance between which two things?
Security and liberty
Whom did President Obama nominate as the first female Hispanic and third woman in the Supreme Court's history to replace Justice David Souter after he announced his retirement?
Sonia Sotomayor
Whom did President Obama nominate as the first female Hispanic and third woman in the Supreme Court's history to replace Justice David Souter after he announced his retirement? Click or tap a choice to answer the question.
Sonia Sotomayor
What did the countries of Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan have to do with Bush's war on terror?
The United states anchored its military presence in the middle east by building bases in those countrys
Review the following video with author Eric Foner in which he discusses the speech given by Khizr Khan, the Pakistani-American father of a soldier killed in the Iraq War, at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. The speech is representative of the long historical relationship between immigration, military service, and social change in the United States. According to the video, which of the following statements are accurate?
The Vietnam War was influential in the movement to lower the legal voting age from 21 to 18 years old. Service by African-Americans in World War II helped to rekindle the civil rights movement.
In 1875, the United States passed the Page Act—the first exclusionary immigration act—which banned prostitutes, Chinese laborers, and criminals from entering the country legally. This act was followed with others like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which, until 1943, limited the number of nonlaborers that could enter the country. Which of the following are economic, political, and social effects of illegal immigrants coming into the country today?
They push wages down at the bottom of the economic ladder. They take jobs many Americans are unwilling to fill.
In 1875, the United States passed the Page Act—the first exclusionary immigration act—which banned prostitutes, Chinese laborers, and criminals from entering the country legally. This act was followed with others like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Which of the following are economic, political, and social effects of undocumented immigrants coming into the country today?
They take jobs many Americans are unwilling to fill. They decrease wages at the bottom of the economic ladder.
When images surfaced that showed the treatment of those captured during the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan in American military prisons, what message did it relay to the rest of the world?
They undermined the reputation of the United States as a country that adheres to standards of civilized behavior and the rule of law.
Barack Obama won the presidency in 2008 because he ran in opposition to many of his predecessor's unpopular opinions and practices. The rallying cry of his campaign was, "Change," and in his first months in office, President Obama announced plans to roll back Bush-era legislation on reproductive rights and the use of torture, and he worked to rebuild relationships with Muslims across the world. T or F?
True
Black Lives Matter demanded that police practices be changed and officers who used excessive force be held accountable; it helped to give a public voice to the countless African-Americans who had been abused or killed while in police custody at a disproportionate rate, when compared to any other race in the nation. T or F?
True
Donald Trump's presidential campaign played on both racial and gender resentments spawned by the growing diversity of American society and the rapid changes in gender roles. Which of the following events from Trump's campaign reflect this divisive approach?
Trump was captured on camera boasting about harassing women. Trump claimed his predecessor was not an American citizen. Trump condemned immigrants from Mexico as murderers and promised to build a wall along the long border with Mexico.
In both the Iraq War and the - War, American policy was made by officials who had -knowledge of the countries they were sending troops to, of fighting a -, and also distrusted - Department experts on these regions. These experts were - about the possibility of achieving - military and long-term political success in the region.
Vietnam, little or no, land war in Asia, State, skeptical, quick
What historical trend does Obama make reference to in his eulogy?
attempts throughout history to oppress the African-American community through violence
The American torture policy's full extent was not fully uncovered until the release of a Senate committee report in 2014. This report showed a pattern of deception and brutality on the part of nearly all involved, including the doctors and psychologists that supervised torture, and CIA heads that lied to the president, Congress, and the American public about torturing captured combatants. Investigations had revealed that an incredible amount of information was obtained from prisoners through the use of illegal torture methods at the hands of American intelligence and military agencies. T or f?
False
On the map below, identify the country where Osama Bin Laden was discovered and killed after years of hiding.
Pakistan
In November 2011, the executive branch acted unilaterally (without Congressional approval or oversight) to resume surveillance of Americans without evidence that a crime had been committed. T or F?
True
In the "Opinion of the Court in Obergefell v. Hodges" (2015), the Supreme Court ruled in a 5-4 decision that the Fourteenth Amendment provides a constitutional right for gay marriage. T or F?
True
The 2018 midterm elections provided the first opportunity for the national electorate to be heard after Trump's 2016 presidential election. Which of the following statements accurately describe the results?
For the first time, Native American women and Muslim women were elected to congressional seats. The results revealed sharp divides between particular groups of voters (young and old, male and female, rural and metropolitan). Democrats regained control of the House of Representatives.
Which Midwestern "red" state "swung" for the first time since the Great Depression to support the Democratic Party candidate, Barack Obama, during the 2008 presidential election?
Indiana
The self-proclaimed - first appeared in Iraq, where it quickly captured territory before moving west toward - to assist in the civil war taking place there. Its tactics defied conventional military engagement, and its use of social media to publicize its brutality and - shocked the world. Though its organization claims to be the true interpretation of -, its use of violence against innocent people and fellow religious followers point toward its niche place within the religion.
Islamic State, Syria, beheadings, Islam
Which of the following statements accurately illustrate President Trump's response to the issue of climate change?
Trump appointed an ally of the oil industry to lead the Environmental Protection Agency. Trump withdrew from the Paris Agreement on climate change.
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing George W. Bush's terms in office. During his two terms in office, President Bush's foreign policy alienated American allies, and the long-term military engagements in the Middle East combined with tax cuts for the wealthy left the country with a growing deficit. By the end of his time in office, George W. Bush had an approval rating of 22 percent, the lowest of any president since the mid-twentieth century.
alienated, wealthy, 22 percent
As president, Donald Trump's first significant achievement was the successful repeal of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare).
false
President Harry S. Truman had promised a national health-care plan in the 1940s. When Bill Clinton was president, he tried to resurrect Truman's plan, but lost support. President Obama also made the topic one of his campaign promises and aroused strong partisan opposition. Claiming that it amounted to a "government takeover" of the health-care industry, every Democrat in Congress voted against the bill.
false
Through the twentieth century, the American government has tended to link times of perceived or real crisis with specific ethnic groups. Match each ethnic group with its relevant crisis.
he Great War 1917-1918 Germans Red Scare in 1919-1920 Russians World War II 1942-1945 Japanese War on Terror 2001-present Muslims
The mammoth USA Patriot Act conferred unprecedented power on law enforcement agencies charged with stopping the new crime of "domestic terrorism." Which of the following powers were granted to law enforcement agencies as a result of the USA Patriot Act?
the power to wiretap telephone conversations the power to spy on American citizens the power to open letters sent through the United States Postal Service
In the presidential campaign of 2004, both parties spent tens of millions of dollars in advertising and mobilized new voters—nearly 20 million since 2000. But in the end, only three states voted differently than four years earlier. Name these three swing states. (The term "swing state" refers to any state that could reasonably be won by either the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate.)
2004 swing state Correct label: New Mexico Correct label: New Hampshire Correct label: Iowa
In the reelection bid of George W. Bush, both sides spent tens of millions of dollars in advertising and mobilized new voters—nearly 20 million since 2000. But in the end, only three states voted differently than four years earlier. Name these three swing states. (The term "swing state" refers to any state that could reasonably be won by either the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate.)
Correct label: Iowa Correct label: New Mexico Correct label: New Hampshire
The Great Recession was given that name because a recession is a brief contraction in an economy that goes away quickly. This Great Recession was noted for how quickly it disappeared and turned into an historic economic expansion. T or F?
False
In 2011, after eight years of fighting, American troops returned home from Iraq. Their departure, combined with the fragile governments in the outskirts of Iraq, gave rise to fundamentalist groups that gained power. Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing one such group. ISIS, the self-proclaimed Islamic State, first appeared in Iraq, where it quickly captured territory before moving west toward Syria to assist in the civil war taking place there. Its tactics defied conventional military engagement, and its use of social media to publicize its brutality and beheadings both shocked the world and inspired recruits to the organization.
ISIS, Syria, social media
Unlike the invasion of Afghanistan after 9/11, the invasion of Iraq faced much greater opposition and skepticism. While the Bush administration stated that the United States invaded Iraq because of weapons of mass destruction and Saddam Hussein's supposed aid for Osama bin Laden's Al Qaeda, doubters believed the United States had ulterior motives. How does this cartoon by artist Steve Benson illustrate concerns behind the motivation for the invasion of Iraq?
It points to oil, an important national resource of Iraq, as a main impetus for the invasion.
American exceptionalism is the philosophical belief that the United States has a missionary role to play in saving the rest of the world by turning it into an image of America. In keeping with that theme, what percentage of Americans believes that they enjoy "special protection from God"?
One in three americans
The terror attacks of September 11, 2001, transformed the international atmosphere, domestic political environment, and defined the Bush presidency. What were some of the immediate reactions to the attacks?
Public trust in government rose dramatically, and public servants like firemen and policemen became national heroes. An outpouring of spontaneous, popular patriotism followed the attacks.
Match each of the following events or actions from the first two years of Trump's presidency to the relevant country.
Russia Correct label: Evidence accumulated that this government interfered in the 2016 presidential election. China Correct label: Trump raised tariffs on goods from this country to promote American manufacturing. United States Correct label: Massive tax cuts benefited corporations and the wealthiest citizens. Iran Correct label: Trump withdrew the United States from the multinational agreement that limited this country's ability to develop nuclear weapons.
Donald Trump's presidential campaign in 2016 was consumed with rhetorical attacks on Mexicans, Muslims, and immigrants more generally. As president, in what ways did those attacks turn into actions?
Trump banned travel to the United States from a number of Muslim-majority countries. The Trump administration began removing young children from the custody of parents who had come to the southern border with their families seeking asylum.
During his two terms in office, President Bush's foreign policy - many allies; the long-term engagements in the -combined with tax cuts for the - left the country with a growing deficit. By the end of his time in office, George W. Bush had an approval rating of -, the - of any president since the mid-twentieth century.
alienated, Middle East, wealthy, 22%, lowest
When Barack Obama delivered a eulogy at the memorial service for the nine people murdered in a church in Charleston, South Carolina, he stated that "the church is and always has been the center of African-American life—has also always been a target of bombs and arson and shots fired at churches, not random but as a means of control, a way to terrorize and oppress, an act that he presumed would deepen divisions that trace back to our nation's original sin." What historical trend does Obama make reference to in his eulogy?
attempts throughout history to oppress the African-American community through violence
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the ways that globalization and deregulation compounded the Gulf oil spill. The Gulf oil spill demonstrated the downside of globalization and deregulation. The company that owned and operated the exploded oil rig was BP, and it had circumvented U.S. regulations by building the rig in South Korea and registering it in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. This allowed the oil company to violate many safety regulations, which ultimately led to the explosion.
downside, BP, the Republic of the Marshall Islands
The Great Recession was given its name because a recession is a brief contraction in an economy that quickly resolves. This Great Recession was significant, but notable for how quickly the economy rebounded into an historic economic expansion.
false
Early in Obama's first term, he pushed through Congress a "stimulus" package amounting to nearly $800 billion in new government spending. It was the largest single spending appropriation in American history. For which of the following areas was the money earmarked?
give states aid to enable them to balance their budgets extension of unemployment benefits provide seed money for construction projects
The Occupy Wall Street movement that burst onto the scene in 2011 was protesting income inequality. The movement was also frustrated with what other aspects of the American economy related to income inequality?
increasingly limited access to health care declining economic opportunity widespread alienation of youth
The National Security Administration (NSA) had taken to collecting user data on nearly every citizen and was not exposed until 2013 when Edward Snowden, a former employee, released thousands of documents that detailed the domestic spying programs. Identify the surveillance activities led by the NSA.
monitoring virtually all telephone, instant messaging, and email traffic in the United States tracking the location of numerous American cell phones spying on the private communications of world leaders
Match the U.S. Supreme Court case with the decision it rendered regarding social justice and political power.
ruled that marriage cannot legally exclude same-sex couples, overturning state laws that banned them from marrying Correct label: Obergefell v. Hodges declared that a state statute making homosexual acts a crime was unconstitutional Correct label: Lawrence v. Texas recognized that the Geneva Conventions do apply to prisoners captured in the war on terror Correct label: Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
Workers in offices, sales, food preparation and service, childcare, home health, and custodial service had the greatest job growth during the first term of the Obama administration.
true
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the Fed Chairman, Alan Greenspan, and his response to the Great Recession during a congressional testimony in 2008. As a proponent of market fundamentalism—a strong belief in unregulated markets—since the 1980s, Alan Greenspan used artificially low interest rates and permitted securities firms to regulate themselves, both of which were significant factors in allowing corporations to use investment laws to benefit their companies and executives while draining the American public. In 2008, Greenspan testified that his long-held conviction that free markets would automatically produce the best results for all was flawed
unregulated, low, flawed
Early in Obama's first term, he pushed through Congress a "stimulus" package amounting to nearly $800 billion in new government spending. It was the largest single spending appropriation in American history. For which of the following areas was the money NOT earmarked?
invest in oil exploration and pipelines
President Bush's administration was divided over the purpose and objectives of the war in Iraq. Although he was ignored, which member of his administration believed the conquest and stabilization of Iraq would require hundreds of thousands of American soldiers and should not be undertaken without the support of America's allies?
Colin Powel
Identify the two main obstacles John McCain faced during the presidential election of 2008.
George W. Bush's low popularity the financial crisis
What is the name of the main military installation where torture took place in violation of American and international law?
Guantánamo Bay
The Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement to reduce CO2 emissions, was signed by every country recognized by the United Nations with two exceptions, the United States and Afghanistan. What reason did President Bush give for rejecting this agreement?
His administration judged that it would hurt the U.S. economy.
When Hurricane Katrina came ashore in 2005 it devastated the coastline and showcased how poverty affects many of the citizens living in this city.
New Orleans
Read and analyze the "Who Is an American?" document from the chapter titled "Speech at Democratic National Convention," from Khizr Khan. In the speech, Khan, a Pakistani-American father of an American soldier killed during the Iraq War, responded to Trump's nativist pronouncements. Select the specific excerpts below where Khan provides evidence of the patriotism of immigrants.
Our son, Humayun, had dreams of being a military lawyer. But he put those dreams aside the day he sacrificed his life to save his fellow soldiers. Go look at the graves of the brave patriots who died defending America you will see all faiths, genders, and ethnicities.
Which of the following statements about the presidential election of 2016 are accurate?
Prior to the election, public opinion polls virtually guaranteed Clinton the election. Donald Trump garnered three million fewer popular votes than his opponent, Hillary Clinton.
Which of the following choices describe significant foreign affairs accomplishments of the Obama presidency?
authorized the capture and killing of Osama bin Laden negotiated a nuclear agreement with Iran formally ended American involvement in the Iraq War
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the ways that globalization and deregulation compounded the Gulf oil spill. The Gulf oil spill demonstrated the downside of globalization and deregulation. The company that owned and operated the exploded oil rig was BP, and it had circumvented U.S. regulations by building the rig in South Korea and registering it in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. This allowed the oil company to violate many safety regulations, which ultimately led to the explosion.
downside, BP, the Republic of the Marshall Islands
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the March for Our Lives demonstration from 2018. In spring 2018, hundreds of thousands of people nationwide gathered for demonstrations calling for gun control. The movement was inspired by students from a high school in Florida who witnessed a horrific mass shooting in February 2018. Due to many Americans' devotion to the Second Amendment, and the significant power of the National Rifle Association, one of the country's most influential lobbies, no new regulations have taken effect since the demonstrations.
gun control, Florida, National Rifle Association
American exceptionalism is the philosophical belief that the United States has a missionary role to play in saving the rest of the world by turning it into an image of America. In keeping with that theme, what percentage of Americans believes that they enjoy "special protection from God"?
half of Americans
The border between the United States and Mexico had always been a fluid, geographic border, separating the two countries via desert, mountains, and generally inhospitable terrain. With the increased fear of terrorist infiltration into America through Mexico some believed that the border required greater patrolling. Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing border control during the Bush and Obama administrations. During the Bush and Obama administrations, efforts to police the southern border of the United States increased dramatically. The size of the U.S. Border Patrol increased to 20,000 officers by 2013, making it the country's second-largest police force. Still, feeling that the federal government was not doing enough, groups of citizens in the Southwest took up arms and set up unofficial militias to patrol the border between Mexico and the United States. This tightened security over the border had an unintended consequence: not wanting to risk back-and-forth migration across the border, many immigrants opted to stay put after arriving to the United States.
increased, the U.S. Border Patrol, unofficial militias, stay put
The border between the United States and Mexico had always been a fluid, geographic border, separating the two countries via desert, mountains, and generally inhospitable terrain. With the increased fear of terrorist infiltration into America through Mexico some believed that the border required greater patrolling. Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing border control during the Bush and Obama administrations. During the Bush and Obama administrations, efforts to police the southern border of the United States increased dramatically. The size of the U.S. Border Patrol increased to 20,000 officers by 2013, making it the country's second-largest police force. Still, feeling that the federal government was not doing enough, groups of citizens in the Southwest took up arms and set up unofficial militias to patrol the border between Mexico and the United States. This tightened security over the border had an unintended consequence: not wanting to risk back-and-forth migration across the border, many immigrants opted to stay put after arriving to the United States.
increased, the U.S. Border Patrol, unofficial militias, stay put
Through the use of unofficial militias, armed citizens patrolled the border between Mexico and the United States. With security increased by the Bush and Obama administrations, the border control reached nearly 20,000 officers, making them the second-largest police force. Increased surveillance and protection at the border not only stopped those entering the country for the first time but back-and-forth migrants now had to choose which side of the border they wished to stay on, or risk capture and deportation to visit their families.
unofficial militias 20,000 back-and-forth migrants
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the Fed Chairman, Alan Greenspan, and his response to the Great Recession during a congressional testimony in 2008. As a proponent of market fundamentalism—a strong belief in unregulated markets—since the 1980s, Alan Greenspan used artificially low interest rates and permitted securities firms to regulate themselves, both of which were significant factors in allowing corporations to use investment laws to benefit their companies and executives while draining the American public. In 2008, Greenspan testified that his long-held conviction that free markets would automatically produce the best results for all was flawed.
unregulated, low, flawed
The Occupy Wall Street movement that burst onto the scene in 2011 was launched in protest of income inequality. The movement was also frustrated with which other aspects of the American economy related to income inequality?
widespread alienation of youth declining economic opportunity